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語(yǔ)法專題突破專題二需要變形的名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞和副詞考點(diǎn)分層演練語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)入Mr.Smithisverybusybecauseherunsseveralcompanies①.Heworkssevendays①aweekand12months②ayear.Inhissparetimehelikeswatchingfootballmatches③.Helikeseatingtomatoes④buthedoesn'teatvegetableswithleaves⑤.Hehastwopethorses⑥andheoftenridesthemwithhisfriendsonMr.Black'sfarm⑦becausehethinksthesceneryofthefarm⑧isverybeautiful.一名詞一、可數(shù)名詞1.可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)①以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,變-y為-i加-es;以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,加-s。②以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s。③以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es(如果詞尾-ch發(fā)音為/k/,要加-s,如stomach)。④以-o結(jié)尾加-es的單詞有:英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(tomatoes),其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞,多變-f或-fe為-v,再加-es。但也有直接加-s的單詞,如:屋頂(roof)上的首領(lǐng)(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥更多的可數(shù)名詞是直接加-s。2.名詞作定語(yǔ)往往是說(shuō)明其中名詞的材料、用途、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、類(lèi)別等。多為單數(shù)名詞作定語(yǔ),但woman,man作定語(yǔ)時(shí),要用復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)概念。3.名詞的所有格⑦有生命名詞,不以-s結(jié)尾的名詞加-'s;以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞都加-'。⑧無(wú)生命名詞,通常用of所有格表示。⑨雙重所有格的構(gòu)成形式為:“名詞+of+名詞所有格”或者“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞”。難點(diǎn)精析1.不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(1)通過(guò)內(nèi)部元音變化構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。如:foot—feet腳goose—geese鵝tooth—teeth牙齒mouse—mice老鼠man—men男人woman—women女人(2)有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。如:sheep—sheep綿羊deer—deer鹿Chinese—Chinese中國(guó)人Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法series—series系列species—species物種(3)有的名詞在詞尾加-ren或-en構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。如:child—children孩子ox—oxen公牛(4)由man,woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞在變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),與man,woman的變化形式相同。如:gentleman—gentlemen先生Englishman—Englishmen英國(guó)男子policeman—policemen男警察chairwoman—chairwomen女主席businessman—businessmen商人craftsman—craftsmen工匠,手藝人注意:German的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans。(5)外來(lái)詞的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:analysis—analyses分析basis—bases基礎(chǔ)crisis—crises危機(jī)thesis—theses論文medium—media媒介物phenomenon—phenomena現(xiàn)象2.復(fù)合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化(1)中間沒(méi)有連字符也沒(méi)有間隔的復(fù)合名詞將最后一個(gè)詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:birthday—birthdays生日blackboard—blackboards黑板bookshelf—bookshelves書(shū)架gentleman—gentlemen紳士(2)中間有連字符或間隔的復(fù)合名詞將其中主要的詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:bookworm—bookworms
son-in-law—sons-in-law
looker-on—lookers-on
passer-by—passers-by
story-teller—story-tellers(3)無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)通常在最后一個(gè)詞后加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。如:grown-up—grown-ups
standby—standbys3.名詞所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名詞變所有格時(shí),若表示不同的所有關(guān)系,則分別在兩個(gè)名詞后加-'s;如果表示共有關(guān)系,則只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-'s。如:KateandMary'sroom凱特和瑪麗共有的房間Kate'sandMary'srooms凱特和瑪麗各自的房間(2)表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格之后的shop,house,home等常省去。如:atthedoctor's(office)在(醫(yī)生的)診所里atthebarber's(shop)在理發(fā)店atMr.Green's(house)在格林先生家即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferent_________(skill).②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Allthe______________(assignment)willbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.③(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)TheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama,musicals,danceand______________(children)showsformorethan100years.skillsassignmentschildren's④(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthe__________(crew)efforts.⑤(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Costswouldbecutand_____________(operate)wouldbemoreefficientacrosstheboard.⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcamping______________(experience)overthepasttenyears.⑦(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)_____________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.crews'operationsexperiencesActivities⑧(2021·浙江卷)Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfofthe____________(person)face.person's語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)入二、不可數(shù)名詞
Tolearnmoreknowledge①,Ihavetodolotsofhomework①everydayandhavenotime①tohavefun②ordohousework①.LastweekwehadanexambutIdidn'tperformwell.However,myteachersaidthatIhadmadegreatprogress②.Sothisexamisnotafailure③.Onthecontrary,itisasuccess③inaway.①不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不能與不定冠詞連用。②fun,weather,progress,advice,information為永久性不可數(shù)名詞,前面不能加不定冠詞,也不能具體化。③抽象名詞具體化:?表示情感情緒等的抽象名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的人或事的時(shí)候,可以在前面加不定冠詞,如asurprise,acomfort,amust等。?表示“一……”的概念時(shí),常與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成詞組,名詞前常常有形容詞。如haveagoodtime,haveagoodknowledge/commandof,asenseofpride等。難點(diǎn)精析不可以用數(shù)目計(jì)算,多為物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞有:fun樂(lè)趣homework作業(yè)bread面包wealth財(cái)富progress進(jìn)步equipment設(shè)備room空間weather天氣work工作music音樂(lè)news新聞meat肉word消息traffic交通luck運(yùn)氣housework家務(wù)milk牛奶advice建議man人類(lèi)orange橙汁knowledge知識(shí)furniture家具baggage/luggage行李information信息即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2單句改錯(cuò)①Whatafunitistohaveaget-togetherinsuchaplace!______________②Oh,John,whatpleasantsurpriseyougaveus!____________③HegaveussomeadvicesonhowtostudyEnglish.____________________去掉第一個(gè)awhat后加a
advices→advice④Hefeltthatheneededmoreknowledgesaboutimportandexport.__________________________⑤Ineedaworktosupportmyself,forIcan'talwaysdependonmyparents.________knowledges→knowledge去掉a
解題策略1.根據(jù)所處位置判斷是否填入名詞形式。如謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前后、介詞之后、形容詞之后、冠詞或數(shù)詞之后。2.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨(dú)使用,要與冠詞、指示代詞、不定代詞等連用,否則就用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)含義。3.注意固定短語(yǔ)中名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。4.注意名詞應(yīng)該與其修飾語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。5.不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能與不定冠詞連用。語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)入MisterSmithis60①yearsoldandyesterdaywashis60th②birthday.Hestillremembersinthe1990s③whenhewasinhisthirties③,hedrankdozensof④bottlesofbeeraday.However,hespentthousandsof④dollarsinhospital.Later,twofifths⑤ofhissparetimewasspentintakingexercise.①數(shù)詞的基本形式為基數(shù)詞。②表示數(shù)詞的順序往往用序數(shù)詞。大部分是在基數(shù)詞的基礎(chǔ)上加-th。以-y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞,把-y變成-ie+-th。二數(shù)詞③“inthe+逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在某個(gè)世紀(jì)幾十年代”。“inone's+逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在某人幾十多歲時(shí)”。④具體數(shù)字+dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million等詞時(shí),后面直接加名詞復(fù)數(shù);表示籠統(tǒng)數(shù)目時(shí),用dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/
millionsof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。⑤分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá):分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí),分母序數(shù)詞加-s,如1/3:onethird,2/3:twothirds。難點(diǎn)精析1.易錯(cuò)基數(shù)詞thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五e(cuò)ighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十ninety九十2.易錯(cuò)序數(shù)詞first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五e(cuò)ighth第八ninth第九eleventh第十一twelfth第十二即時(shí)訓(xùn)練單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Afterour________(three)runAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.②(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Now,Caohasstartedthe_________(two)partofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.③(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdronesguaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssave___________(billion)ofeuroseachyear?
thirdsecondbillions④Petergotamodelshipfromhisuncleonhis_____________(thirteen)birthday.⑤Two_________(three)ofthestudentsinourclasshavebeentoDisneylandsomewhere.⑥Linda,therearetoomanymistakesinthe________(nine)lineofyourpassage.⑦Hemadequiteafewfriendsduringhis___________(twenty).⑧Itisreportedthattheearthquakehasleft____________(thousand)ofpeoplehomeless.thirteenththirdsninthtwenties
thousands解題策略1.需要使用數(shù)詞時(shí),要先看清是使用該詞的基數(shù)詞形式還是序數(shù)詞形式。2.使用序數(shù)詞時(shí),注意前面一般要有定冠詞the。3.注意固定用法中的數(shù)詞的使用及與冠詞、介詞的搭配,如inthe1820s,inhis30s,thousandsof等。語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)入一、形容詞和副詞的基本用法Iboughtaninteresting①novelyesterday.Thebookissointeresting②thatIcanhardlyletgoofit.Worried③aboutmystudy,mymothertookitaway.However,Ifoundmymotherabsorbed④init.三形容詞和副詞①修飾名詞,往往用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。②在系動(dòng)詞之后,往往用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。③表示情緒和精神狀態(tài)的形容詞可以作狀語(yǔ)。④在感官類(lèi)或使役動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)之后,形容詞可以作賓補(bǔ),說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。Mymotherisreadingthenovelattentively①nowandsheisquite①movedbyit.Obviously②,shewon'treturnthebooktomesoon.①副詞可以描述某個(gè)動(dòng)作的情況或者描述動(dòng)作、行為或狀態(tài)的程度。②副詞可以放在句首,作評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ),修飾整個(gè)句子。難點(diǎn)精析1.名詞、動(dòng)詞變形容詞名詞、動(dòng)詞變形容詞-able,-al,-ful,-ed,-ing-y,-ern,-ish,-ic-ible,-ive,-ous,-some2.形容詞變副詞形容詞不同詞尾變副詞加(-ly)的口訣:(一般直接加)
clear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很,大大地(元e去e加)
true→truly真實(shí)地(輔y變i加)
happy→happily高興地heavy→heavily沉重地(-le尾e變y)
terrible→terribly可怕地gentle→gently輕輕地(-ll尾只加y)
full→fully完全地dull→dully遲鈍地(-ic加ally)
basic→basically主要地scientific→scientifically合乎科學(xué)地3.-ed形容詞修飾物的用法-ed形容詞通常用于說(shuō)明人的感受,常譯為“感到……的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)人自身的情感波動(dòng);修飾事物時(shí),則多修飾smile(微笑),feeling(感覺(jué)),cry(叫聲),face(表情),voice(聲音),look(表情),eye(眼神),expression(表情)等表示某人情感狀況的名詞。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他以非常激動(dòng)的聲音告訴了我這個(gè)消息。4.同根副詞加-ly和不加-ly有些副詞不加-ly與其形容詞表達(dá)的含義是一樣的,而加了-ly之后的副詞,其詞義往往發(fā)生改變,具有抽象意義,表示程度。如:close靠近地closely密切地,仔細(xì)地hard努力地hardly幾乎不late晚,遲lately最近,不久前most最,極其mostly通常,主要地wide指距離寬widely廣泛地deep指具體深度deeply深深地,非常,強(qiáng)烈地high指具體高度highly高度地,非常即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomething_________(use).②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthe___________(create)sessions.③(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Withan_____________(impress)2,000-seatconcerthall,StDavid'sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff.usefulcreativeimpressive④(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)IconsideredthiswhenImeta_____________(thought)youngbusinessmannamedAnthony.⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)You'll___________(actual)showupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym.⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbe_____________(official)setupnextyear.⑦(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Themore____________(regular)theycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.thoughtfulactuallyofficially
regularly⑧(2021·全國(guó)甲)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir________(day)routines.daily語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)入二、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)Inmyfamily,mymotheristhethinnest①.Myfatherismuchtaller②thanherandme,butheistwiceasheavyas③mymother,andbecomingfatterandfatter④.Heisquiteworriedbecausethefatter⑤heis,themorelikely⑤heistobeill.①形容詞和副詞變比較級(jí)或最高級(jí),一般直接加-er或-est,以e結(jié)尾直接加-r或-st;一元一輔結(jié)尾注意雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾輔音,多音節(jié)詞前面加more或themost。兩者或兩部分之間比較,多用比較級(jí);三者或三者以上的比較,可以使用最高級(jí)。②比較級(jí)常常和than連用,并且可以被much,alittle,abit,even,far,still等詞修飾。③倍數(shù)表達(dá)法:?A+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+adj./adv.比較級(jí)+than+B?A+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.原級(jí)(+名詞)+as+B?A+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size,length,height,weight等)+of+B④“adj./adv.比較級(jí)+and+adj./adv.比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”。⑤“the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...”表示“越……,就越……”。難點(diǎn)精析1.有少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)形容詞,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這些雙音節(jié)詞是:common,handsome,quiet,pleasant,cruel,stupid,tired和以-ow,-er結(jié)尾的詞。2.有些形容詞沒(méi)有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度,因此沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這類(lèi)形容詞有:right(正確的),wrong(錯(cuò)誤的),excellent(優(yōu)秀的),possible(可能的),empty(空的),first(第一的),wooden(木制的),final(最后的),east(東方的),last(最后的)等。3.有些形容詞和副詞變比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)時(shí)為不規(guī)則變化,需牢記。如:good/well—better—best
bad/ill—worse—worstmany/much—more—most
little—less—least
old—older/elder—oldest/eldestfar—farther—farthest(指具體空間上)far—further—furthest(指抽象程度上)4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,先把y變?yōu)閕再加-er和-est。如:easy—easier—easiesthappy—happier—happiestearly—earlier—earliest5.“否定詞語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)”也可表示最高級(jí)含義。Nomanisbetterthanyouintheworld.人世間沒(méi)有人比你好。Ihaven'treadamoreinterestingnovel.這是我讀過(guò)的最有趣的小說(shuō)了。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Foodbecame_________(easy)tochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.②(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdid_________(well)thanmonkeysinsimilartests.③(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthemata_________(high)riskofthedisease.easierbetterhigher④(2022·浙江卷)Yetproperlyunderstood,theageofelectricityismerelythesecondstageintheageofsteam,whichbeganacentury__________(early).⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethird__________(large)producerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.⑥(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthe________(big)thingsthathithometoGinni.earlierlargestbiggest⑦(2021·浙江卷)Mymotherlookedsomuchshorter_______Iremembered.⑧(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat_________(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!thanbetter解題策略1.看到與than連用,要想到用比較級(jí);看到比較級(jí),要想到than。2.看到語(yǔ)境中暗含的比較含義,要想到用比較級(jí)(二者之間)或最高級(jí)(三者及以上)。3.在句子中如果是作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)或表示心理狀態(tài)的狀語(yǔ),則用形容詞。4.如果修飾整個(gè)句子、動(dòng)詞或形容詞,則用副詞。5.看到and,but,or等連詞前或后用的比較等級(jí)形式,要想到用比較等級(jí)??键c(diǎn)分層演練層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練單句語(yǔ)法填空1.LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall__________(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.解析:考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)上文的ahandfulof可知,此處表示一把小胡蘿卜,所以應(yīng)用carrot的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填carrots。carrots2.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof______________(achieve).解析:考查名詞。介詞后接名詞,arealsenseofachievement意為“一種真實(shí)的成就感”。故填achievement。3.—Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstifyoudon'thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?—That'sagood_____________(suggest).解析:考查名詞。根據(jù)句意可知,此處用提示詞suggest的名詞形式,由空前的a可知,用單數(shù)形式。故填suggestion。
achievementsuggestion4.Althoughheresearchescloning,his____________(intend)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.解析:考查名詞。形容詞性物主代詞his后接名詞,intentionn.目的,打算。因后面的謂語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,所以此處應(yīng)填名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填intention。5.Comingtoanothercountrytostudyrequiresabig_____________
(adjust)andittakesawhiletofitin.解析:考查名詞。requires后面要跟名詞作賓語(yǔ),所以要填adjust的名詞形式,再由空前的a可知,用單數(shù)形式。故填adjustment。intentionadjustment6.Intheearly__________(fifty),researchersfoundthatpeoplescoredhigheronintelligencetestsiftheyspokemorethanonelanguage.解析:考查基數(shù)詞。表示“在五十年代”用“inthe+整十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”。故填fifties。7.Sheisthe__________(twelve)tutor,whohascometolookafterhischildrensincetheirmotherdied.解析:考查序數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞前面有the,應(yīng)該用其序數(shù)詞形式。故填twelfth。fiftiestwelfth8.Theoldmangoestotheparkevery________(three)day,joggingwithhisfellows.解析:考查序數(shù)詞。“every+序數(shù)詞+day/month/year”表示“每幾天/月/年”。故填third。9.Butthesuccessfultestdrillingforfireicedoesnotmeanitcanbeextractedfor_____________(industry)use.解析:考查形容詞。根據(jù)空前的介詞for和空后的名詞use可知,空處應(yīng)填形容詞來(lái)修飾名詞。注意industry變形容詞時(shí),要變y為i,再加-al。故填industrial。third
industrial10.Haveyoueverbeen______________(embarrass)becauseofforgettingsomethingimportant?解析:考查形容詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,空處所填詞作表語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)為人,表示“窘迫的,尷尬的”,因此應(yīng)用-ed形式的形容詞。故填embarrassed。11.The_______(much)thestudentslearnabouttheuniversity,theeasieritwillbeforthemtoadapttotheenvironment.解析:考查比較級(jí)。本句為“the+比較級(jí)……,the+比較級(jí)……”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填more。embarrassedmore12.Theworld'spopulationisincreasingata_____________(surprise)rateandweareindangerofdestruction.解析:考查形容詞。此處表示“世界人口以驚人的速度增長(zhǎng)”,修飾物,所以此處要用-ing形式的形容詞。故填surprising。13.Nowadaysit'sthesecond__________(large)cityinBulgariaandit'sasignificanteconomic,educationalandculturalcenter.解析:考查形容詞最高級(jí)。由空前的thesecond和空后的表示范圍的inBulgaria可知,空處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)形式。故填largest。surprisinglargest14.Indiansstartpracticingyogaataveryyoungage,sotheirbodiesareeven___________(strong).解析:考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及空前的修飾語(yǔ)even可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)形式。故填stronger。15.Thereisn'tmuchtrafficonSunday,so____________(hope)we'llarriveintimefortheconcert.解析:考查副詞??仗幵诖诵揎梥o后面的整個(gè)句子,應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填hopefully。strongerhopefully層級(jí)二高考真題練1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate______________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas.解析:考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系。設(shè)空處和and后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞homes并列在句中作賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞population(種群)的復(fù)數(shù)的形式。故填populations。
populations2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Hesavedmy_________(son)life,saidMrs.Brown.解析:考查名詞所有格。句意:他拯救了我兒子的生命。根據(jù)句意,life與提示詞son之間是所屬關(guān)系,故應(yīng)該使用名詞所有格。故填son's。
3.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Chinahasa______________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.解析:考查名詞。中國(guó)有責(zé)任與其他國(guó)家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。不定冠詞a后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填responsibility。
son's
responsibility4.(2022·浙江卷)Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe_________
(invite).解析:考查名詞。句意:當(dāng)答案是否定的時(shí)候,她拒絕了那個(gè)邀請(qǐng)。此處需填入名詞作動(dòng)詞decline的賓語(yǔ)。故填invitation。
invitation5.(2022·高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and_____________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.解析:考查副詞。句意:GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系,最終達(dá)到理想的野生大熊貓數(shù)量水平。設(shè)空處后為動(dòng)詞achieve,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用副詞eventually作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞achieve。故填eventually。
eventually6.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Theybothfell_________(sleep)whilewatchingTV.解析:考查形容詞。句意:他們倆看電視的時(shí)候都睡著了。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)形容詞作表語(yǔ)。sleep為動(dòng)詞,意為“睡覺(jué)”,其形容詞為asleep。fallasleep為固定搭配,意為“熟睡的”,asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
asleep7.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Whenhelookeddown,he_______________(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.解析:考查副詞。句意:當(dāng)他往下看時(shí),不小心滑了一跤,從懸崖邊上掉了下去。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)副詞修飾動(dòng)詞slipped。accidental為形容詞,意為“意外的,失誤的”,其副詞為accidentally,意為“意外地,失誤地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
accidentally8.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore_____________(meaning).解析:考查形容詞。句意:曹認(rèn)為這將使這次徒步旅行更加有意義。此處是make復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)用形容詞meaningful,作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填meaningful。
meaningful9.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)In2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa's__________(high)mountain.解析:考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意:2016年,他到達(dá)了乞力馬扎羅山頂,這是非洲最高的山峰。根據(jù)空前Africa's可知,此處表示乞力馬扎羅山是非洲最高的山脈,應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)。故填highest。
highest10.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe__________(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.解析:考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意:中國(guó)是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó),作為國(guó)際茶日的主要推動(dòng)者,中國(guó)有責(zé)任與其他國(guó)家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。根據(jù)定冠詞the和常識(shí)可知,中國(guó)是最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó),所以用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。故填largest。
largest11.(2022·浙江卷1月)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,__________(rough)200academics—manyofthemclimatescientistshavepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.解析:考查副詞。句意:例如,在一個(gè)叫“無(wú)飛行氣候科學(xué)”的網(wǎng)站上,自從兩年前成立以來(lái),大約有200個(gè)學(xué)者—其中許多是氣候科學(xué)家承諾盡可能少飛行。此處修飾數(shù)字用副詞roughly“粗略地;大約”。故填roughly。
roughly12.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_________(human)are.解析:考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:一旦你到達(dá)山頂,你所看到的滾滾云海將提醒你我們?nèi)祟?lèi)是多么渺小。表示“人類(lèi)”,常用復(fù)數(shù)名詞humans,此處作同位語(yǔ)。故填humans。
humans13.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Acompany_________________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.解析:考查名詞。句意:一位公司代表回信告訴我,該航空公司將把每天1200個(gè)航班的塑料杯換成紙杯。該空作句子主語(yǔ),用名詞,前面有不定冠詞修飾,用名詞單數(shù)。故填representative。
representative14.(2021·浙江卷)In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir___________(marry)ceremonyin1842.解析:考查名詞。句意:1844年,他們以1200美元的價(jià)格從查爾斯·德萊瑟手中買(mǎi)下了它(這座房子)和一些土地,查爾斯·德萊瑟在1842年舉行了他們的婚禮。結(jié)合設(shè)空前的形容詞性物主代詞可知,此處要用名詞形式;結(jié)合設(shè)空處后的ceremony,可知此處意為“婚禮”;提示詞marry為動(dòng)詞,其名詞形式為marriage,marriageceremony意為“婚禮”。故填marriage。
marriage15.(2021·浙江卷1月)Itiscalculatedbydividinga____________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.解析:考查名詞所有格。句意:它的計(jì)算方法是用一個(gè)人的體重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之間被認(rèn)為是健康的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,person是修飾weight的,要用person的名詞所有格person's。故填person's。person's16.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Itwill______________(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!解析:考查副詞。句意:它無(wú)疑會(huì)幫助你恢復(fù)精力!修飾動(dòng)詞,所以用副詞。故填undoubtedly。
17.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the_________(hot)thespring!解析:考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意為:泉的神奇之處在于溫度越低,泉水就越熱!本句為固定句型:the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...,表示“越……越……”。故填hotter。
undoubtedlyhotter18.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour_________(ache)legs.解析:考查形容詞。句意:雖然這是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整個(gè)冒險(xiǎn),并提供了一個(gè)地方,你可以坐下來(lái)休息你疼痛的腿。ache和它所修飾的詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。aching也可看作形容詞,是“疼痛的”的含義。故填aching。
aching19.(2021·全國(guó)高考Ⅱ卷)Itoldhimhow__________(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.解析:考查形容詞。句意:我告訴他塑料對(duì)環(huán)境的危害,并請(qǐng)他考慮使用更環(huán)保的產(chǎn)品。該處為how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,how之后接形容詞或副詞,根據(jù)couldbe,所以用形容詞。故填harmful。
harmful20.(2021·浙江卷)Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch__________(small)thanitistoday.解析:考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:這棟房子建成時(shí)比現(xiàn)在小得多。結(jié)合設(shè)空前的much和設(shè)空后的than可知,此處考查形容詞比較級(jí)固定結(jié)構(gòu)much+比較級(jí)+than,提示詞small的比較級(jí)形式為smaller。故填smaller。smaller21.(2021·浙江卷1月)But30yearslater,theBMIdifferencebetweenurbanandruralpeopleinmanycountrieshadnarrowed__________(sharp).解析:考查副詞。句意:但30年后,許多國(guó)家城市和農(nóng)村人口的BMI差異大幅縮小。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,sharp是要修飾動(dòng)詞narrow,用sharp的副詞形式sharply。故填sharply。sharply22.(2021·浙江卷1月)Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside,including________(low)levelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.解析:考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:這可能是由于生活在農(nóng)村的人有一些不利條件,包括較低的收入和教育水平,較高的健康食品成本,以及較少的體育設(shè)施。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,including說(shuō)明的是一些不利條件,且后面有higher和fewer,是并列關(guān)系,所以low也應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)形式。故填lower。
lower23.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Itwillreallyhelpconncetourresidentsthroughashared___________(interesting)andcreativeactivities.解析:考查名詞。句意:這將真正有助于通過(guò)共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)來(lái)凝聚我們的居民。根據(jù)空前的形容詞shared以及前的a可知,空處應(yīng)填名詞,interest此是可數(shù)名詞。故填interest。
interest24.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyoulookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresultinauseful___________(respond).解析:考查名詞。句意:你可能會(huì)考慮在社交媒體上發(fā)布你正在尋找的事情,但它可能不會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)有用的回應(yīng)。不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。故填response。response25.(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷)Filledwith____________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.解析:考查名詞。句意:懷著好奇心,藝術(shù)家收拾行囊離開(kāi)了。with為介詞,后跟名詞curiosity作賓語(yǔ),表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。curiosity26.(2020·浙江卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe__________(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.解析:考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:后來(lái),他們學(xué)會(huì)了因地制宜,在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間播種,在干旱地區(qū),利用每年的洪水來(lái)灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子,提示詞的詞性為可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填seasons。seasons27.(2020·浙江卷1月)ForJapan,the__________(number)aremorestriking—22in1950,46todayand53in2050.解析:考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:對(duì)日本來(lái)說(shuō),這個(gè)數(shù)字更加驚人——1950年是22歲,今天是46歲,2050年是53歲。number為可數(shù)名詞表示“數(shù)字”,且根據(jù)下文are可知主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填numbers。numbers28.(2022·浙江卷1月)Shedoesn'tworkinsummer,asitwouldbe_______________(unpleasant)hotfortheanimalsinthecar,evenwithairconditioning.解析:考查副詞。句意:她夏天不工作,因?yàn)榧词褂锌臻g,對(duì)車(chē)?yán)锏膭?dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō),天氣也會(huì)熱得不舒服??仗幮揎椥稳菰~hot,應(yīng)使用unpleasant的副詞形式。故填unpleasantly。unpleasantly29.(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)____________(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.解析:考查副詞。句意:當(dāng)然在假期期間,這種植物是絕對(duì)必要的事物。介詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),因此只有改變成副詞才能符合句子結(jié)構(gòu),用副詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。故填Certainly。30.(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofa________(locatity)park.解析:考查形容詞。句意:我的搭檔把她的要求貼在當(dāng)?shù)毓珗@的告示板上。修飾名詞park,用形容詞形式。故填local。
Certainlylocal31.(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫(huà)像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir_________(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.解析:考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意:一天,皇帝想讓人給他畫(huà)一幅肖像,于是他把所有偉大的畫(huà)家都請(qǐng)來(lái),展示他們最好的作品,以便他挑選最好的。結(jié)合句意,皇帝想要畫(huà)家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)finest。故填finest。finest32.(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷)Asthesmallboatmoved_________(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.解析:考查副詞。句意:當(dāng)小船緩緩地沿著江面移動(dòng)時(shí),山在水中的倒影使他說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。此處修飾動(dòng)詞moved應(yīng)用副詞gently作狀語(yǔ),表示“緩緩地”。故填gently。
gently33.(2020·浙江卷1月)Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelargecomparedtoyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomes________(old)thanbefore.解析:考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:首先是出生率的下降,這意味著老一代比年輕一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老齡化。根據(jù)下文thanbefore可知應(yīng)用形容詞比較級(jí)。故填older。older34.(2020·浙江卷1月)Thisis_______________(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.解析:考查副詞。句意:在美國(guó)尤其如此。此處修飾形容詞true應(yīng)用副詞。故填particularly。35.(2020·山東卷)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,__________(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.解析:考查形容詞。句意:在18和19世紀(jì),富人旅行并收集植物、歷史物品和藝術(shù)品。此處修飾名詞people,應(yīng)使用形容詞,作定語(yǔ)。故填wealthy。particularlywealthy層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練語(yǔ)法填空Passage1名詞篇DecoratingwithPlants,F(xiàn)ruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa__________________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthe_______________(begin)ofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarriesspecial________________
(significant).Theyrepresenttheearthcomingbackto____________(live)andbestwishesfornewbeginnings.1.celebration2.beginning3.significance4.lifeThesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremorethan__________________(decorate);theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneand_____________(wealthy).Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmany_____________(time)decoratedwithredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.Certainlyduringtheholidayperiod,thisplantis_________must.Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasytocareforandmakegreat________________(present).5.decoration6.wealth7.times8.a9.presents____________
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