tpo1 31閱讀答案詳細(xì)tpo28 r

TPOQ1Theword”conspicuous”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoParagraph1ismarkedwithanQ2Accordingtoparagraph1,whyaresmallredmapletreesidealforbuckrubs?TheyhavesmoothTheyarefoundinthemid‐easternUnitedTheygrowveryTheytendtogrowinopenParagraph1ismarkedwithan

BuckRubsandBuck>Aconspicuoussignindicatingthepresenceofwhite‐taileddeerinawoodlotisabuckrub.Amaledeermakesabuckrubbystrippingthebark(outerlayer)ofasmalltreewithitsantlers.Whencompleted,thebuckrubisanobviousvisualsignaltousandpresumablytootherdeerinthearea.Arubisusuallylocatedattheshoulderheightofadeer(onemeterorlessabovetheground)onasmooth‐barked,small‐diameter(16‐25millimeters)tree.Thesmoothbarkofsmallredmaplesmakesthisspeciesidealforbuckrubsintheforestsofthemid‐easternUnitedStates.

這里說一個(gè)XX的標(biāo)志可以說”thebuckrubisanobviousvisualsignaltous…”由此可得出conspicuous是obvious的同義詞。因此選A.根據(jù)smallredmapletree主語其實(shí)是“Thesmoothbark”因此知道theyhavesmoothbark才是成為理想對(duì)Adultmaledeerusuallyproducerubsinlatesummerorearlyautumnwhentheoutervelvetlayerisbeingshedfromtheirantlers.Rubsarecreatedaboutonetotwomonthsbeforethebreedingseason(therut).Henceforalongtimebiologistsbelievedthatmaledeerusedbuckrubsnotonlytocleanandpolishantlersbutalsotoprovidepracticefortheensuingmale‐to‐malecombatduringtherut.However,biologistsalsonotedthatdeersniffandlickanunfamiliarrub,whichsuggeststhatthisvisualmarkonasmalltreeplaysanimportantcommunicationpurposeinthesociallifeofdeer.Q3Thestudiesofforeheadrubbingbydeerdescribedinparagraph3showedthatforeheadrubbingencouragesthegrowthofantlersmuledeerandwhite‐taileddeerbehavedifferentlyduringtheruttherutcanoccuratdifferenttimesofthe throughscentParagraph3ismarkedwithanQ4Theword"exhibited"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoreliedParagraph3ismarkedwithan

>Buckrubsalsohaveascentproducedbyglandsintheforeheadsofdeerthatistransferredtothetreewhentherubismade.Theseodorsmakebuckrubsanimportantmeansofolfactorycommunicationbetweendeer.Theimportanceofolfactorycommunication(usingodorstocommunicate)inthewayoflifeofdeerwasdocumentedbyastudyofacaptiveadultmuledeerafewdecadesago,whichnotedthatmalesrubbedtheirforeheadsonbranchesandtwigs,especiallyasautumnapproached.Adecadelateranotherstudyreportedthatadultmalewhite‐tailedbuckexhibitedforeheadrubbingjustbeforeandduringtherut.Itwasfoundthatwhenawhite‐tailedbuckmakesarub,itmovesbothantlersandforeheadglandsalongthesmalltreeinavertical

根據(jù)forehead定位到這段的批注[l4]:正確答案：CExhibited是展現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn)的意是展示；D是寧愿。因此C.coincideswithahighlevelofglandularactivityinthemodifiedscentglandsfoundontheforeheadsofmaledeer;theglandularactivitycausestheforeheadpelage(hairycovering)ofadultmalestobedistinctlydarkerthaninfemalesoryoungermalesQ5Whydoesauthormentionthat“dogsrecognizeeachotherviasmell”?TopointoutthesimilaritiesbetweendogsanddeerToarguethatanimalscommunicatethroughscentratherthanthroughvisionTosupporttheclaimthatthescentofabuckrubservestoidentifyitsmakertootherdeerTosuggestthatrubscanbedetectedbyotherspeciesParagraph4ismarkedwithanQ6Theword"crude"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoQ7Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4aboutthetrumpetingofbullelk?Trumpetingbyhigher‐statusbullelksignalstheirpresencetoothermembersoftheirspecies.Bullelkneedtocombinetrumpetingwitholfactorysignalstocoveyinformationabouttheiridentity.Trumpetingalertswhite‐taileddeertothepresenceofbullelkintheirvicinity.Trumpetingprovidesabettermeasure

>Foreheadrubbingbymaledeeronbuckrubspresumablysendsagreatdealofinformationtoothermembersofthesamespecies.First,thechemicalsdepositedontherubprovideinformationontheindividualidentityofananimal;notwomammalsproducethesamescent.Forinstance,asweallknow,dogsrecognizeeachotherviasmell.這句話是由forinstance引出do這句話是由forinstance引出dort該跟這兩句有關(guān)。因此選C氣味可以幫助identify。這里說是simply被怎樣量。該是比較粗略的，crude是粗糙的。A粗糙的；B有用的；該選根據(jù)trumpetingofbullelk定出trumpetingbybullelk是個(gè)例子，那么要想知道到說well-markedrubisindicativeofolder，deerpresenceinagivenareathanbuckrubsdo.Paragraph4ismarkedwithan中間的詞vicinity但是和原文中間的詞vicinity但是和原文描述這個(gè)buckrubTheindividualidentityoftheThegenderoftheThelikelysocialstatusoftheThenumberofdeerintheParagraph4ismarkedwithanQ9Theword"induce"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto?Q10Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutchemicalsinbuck

>Becausebothsexesofwhitetailsrespondtobuckrubsbysmellingandlickingthem,rubsmayserveaveryimportantadditionalfunction.Fresherbuckrubs(lessthantwodaysold),inparticular,arevisitedmorefrequentlybyadultfemalesthanolderrubs.Inviewofthisbehaviorithasbeensuggestedthatchemicalspresentinfreshbucksmayhelpphysiologicallyinduceand

批注[l9]:正確答案：D且這里出現(xiàn)了and的并列形合適。因此選擇D刺激。根據(jù)chemical定位（紅色標(biāo)但原文說的是要lessthan2day和選項(xiàng)相反。B原文說的是freshbuckrubs更受歡迎。D這段提到的rubbeingdetected都是關(guān)于females。Theyhavetobeatleasttwodaysoldforfemalestobeabletodetectthem.Theyaremoreeffectiveinolderbuckrubsthaninfresherones.TheymayaffectfertilityinfemaleTheycanbemoreeasilydetectedbyyoungmalesthanadultfemales.Paragraph5ismarkedwithan

synchronizefertilityinfemalesthatvisittheserubs.Thiswouldbeanobviousadvantagetowide‐rangingdeer,especiallytoasociallydominantbuckwhencourtingseveraladultfemalesduringtheautumnrut.Q11Theword"termed"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtovisibleknownQ12Accordingtothepassage,inwhatwaydobuckscrapesdifferfrombuckrubs?

>Anothervisualsignalproducedbywhite‐taileddeeristermedabuckscrape.Scrapesconsistofclearing(about0.5meterindiameter)andshallowdepressionmadebypushingasidetheleavescoveringtheground;aftermakingthescrape,thedeertypicallyurinatesinthedepression.Thus,likeabuckrub,ascrapeisbothavisualandanolfactorysignal.Buckscrapesaregenerallycreatedafterleaf‐fallinautumn,whichisjustbeforeorduringtherut.Scrapesareusuallyplacedinopenorconspicuous

Buckscrapesaremadebybothmale

places,suchasalongasadeertrailMost對(duì)應(yīng)部分由紅色字體標(biāo)出。femaleBuckscrapesarepurelyvisualBuckscrapesaremadeclosertothebreedingseasonthanbuckrubs.BuckscrapescanbesmelledonlybyQ13Q13Lookatthefoursquares【■】thatwherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Thisprocesscantakeafewhourstoseveral

aremadeoldermales,althoughfemalesandyoungermales(2.5yearsoldorless)occasionallymakescrapes.

只是由male造成的，而scrapes是雌雄都可以的。B地方，說到了bothvisualandolfactorysignal。C這個(gè)也沒有明顯區(qū)分，scrapes和buckorduringtherut。WherewouldthesentencebestfitClickonasquare【■】toinsertthesentenceintheQ14Directions:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Someanswerchoicesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth