2023年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解和練習(xí)題

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成（一）肯定式主語(yǔ)＋助動(dòng)詞have／has＋過(guò)去分詞＋其它【說(shuō)明：這里的have／h\o"歡迎登陸"as是助動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有什么具體意義。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞用has，其余人稱一律用have。has，have的縮略式分別為's或've。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成與過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成方式一樣，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞可參看不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表?！坷?）I'vejustcopiedallthenewwords.我剛抄寫(xiě)了所有的生詞。(表示不要再抄了)2）Shehaslostherbooks.她丟失了她的書(shū)。（表示到目前為止還沒(méi)有找到）(如果用過(guò)去時(shí)：Shelostherbooks則強(qiáng)調(diào)書(shū)是過(guò)去丟的這一動(dòng)作，而不知現(xiàn)在有沒(méi)有找到)3）We'vejustcleanedtheclassroom.我們剛好打掃了教室。（表明現(xiàn)在教室是干凈的）（二）否定式主語(yǔ)＋助動(dòng)詞have／has＋not＋過(guò)去分詞＋其它【說(shuō)明：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)\o"歡迎登陸"，只需在助動(dòng)詞have／has后面加not就行。havenot，hasnot的縮略式分別為haven't,hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already時(shí)，改為否定時(shí)要分別改成any，yet。】例：1）Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.我還沒(méi)有完成我的作業(yè)。2）Shehasn'ttravelledonatrain.她沒(méi)有坐火車旅行過(guò)。3）Wehaveneverspokentoaforeigner.我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有和外國(guó)人說(shuō)過(guò)話。注：有時(shí)not可以用never代替，表示“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”的意思。又如：4）Ihaveneverseenhimbefore.以前我從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他。（三）一般疑問(wèn)式助動(dòng)詞Have／Has＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞＋其它？【說(shuō)明：把陳述句中的have或\o"歡迎登陸"has放到句首，句末打問(wèn)號(hào)，同時(shí)把句中的some，already改為any，yet就構(gòu)成了一般疑問(wèn)句?？隙ɑ卮鹩谩癥es,主語(yǔ)＋have／has.否定回答用“No,主語(yǔ)＋haven't／hasn't.”有時(shí)也可以用“No，notyet.／No,never.／No,notevenonce.”等。】實(shí)例：—Haveyouevermadedumplings?你曾經(jīng)做過(guò)餃子嗎？—Yes,Ihave.是的，我做過(guò)。2）—Hassheeverbeenabroad?她曾經(jīng)出過(guò)國(guó)嗎？—No,never.不，從來(lái)沒(méi)有。3）—Havetheyfoundthelostbooksyet?他們已經(jīng)找到了丟失的書(shū)嗎？—Yes,theyhave.是的，他們找到了?！咀⒁猓寒?dāng)句中\(zhòng)o"歡迎登陸"有否定詞not,hardly（幾乎不），never的時(shí)候，在改為反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，附加部分用肯定形式?！坷纾篩ouhaveneveretoourschool,haveyou?你以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有來(lái)過(guò)我們學(xué)校，是嗎？二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法（一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1：\o"歡迎登陸"表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。此時(shí)，常與時(shí)間副詞already（已經(jīng)），yet（還、已經(jīng)），just(剛剛、僅僅)，ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從不），before（以前）等連用。這幾個(gè)副詞的用法如下：1．a(chǎn)lready意為“已經(jīng)”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后，過(guò)去分詞之前，也可以放在句末。實(shí)例：1）I'vealreadyreadthisbook.我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)這本書(shū)了。（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是“知道書(shū)中的內(nèi)容”。）2）I'vewashedmyclothesalready.我已經(jīng)洗了衣服。（洗衣服的動(dòng)作已完成，其結(jié)果是“衣服洗干凈了”。）注意：在表示吃驚或明知故問(wèn)等感情色彩時(shí)，already也可用于（口語(yǔ)）疑問(wèn)句中。例：3）Haveyoumethimalready?你（真的）已經(jīng)見(jiàn)過(guò)他了？2．yet用在疑問(wèn)句中意為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中意為“還”，常放在句末。實(shí)例：1）—Hashefoundhiswatchyet?他已經(jīng)找到他的手表了嗎？—No，notyet．不，還沒(méi)有。2）Thewomanhasn'tfoundherdogyet.那位婦女還沒(méi)有找到她的狗。（沒(méi)找到狗，心里著急，這就是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響）3．just意為“剛剛”，表示行為剛剛過(guò)去，常放在助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間。實(shí)例：Hehasjustebackfromschool.他剛從學(xué)?；貋?lái)。4．ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，放在助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間。實(shí)例：1）HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong?你曾去過(guò)香港嗎？2）Ihaven'teverspokentoher.我未曾和她說(shuō)過(guò)話。5．never意為“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”常與before連用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間。實(shí)例：Ihavenevertravelledbyplanebefore.我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有乘飛機(jī)旅行過(guò)。6．before意為“以前”，指過(guò)去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。實(shí)例：1）HaveyoubeentoHainanbefore?你以前去過(guò)海南嗎？2）Ihaven'teatenGuangdongfoodbefore.我以前沒(méi)吃過(guò)廣東菜。（二）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法二\o"歡迎登陸"2——持續(xù)性用法（肯定句，疑問(wèn)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）：表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。此時(shí)常與“for＋一段時(shí)間”或“since＋過(guò)去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間或從句（從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）”以及“sofar（到目前為止）”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。for+段時(shí)間since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間例：1）I'velivedheresince1990.自從1990年以來(lái)我就住在這里。=I'velivedheresince13yearsago.=I'velivedherefor13years.=Itis13yearssinceIbegantolivehere.2）Ihaven'tseenhimforthreeyears.我三年沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)他了。=Ihaven'tseenhimsincethreeyearsago.=Ihaven'tseenhimsince2000.=Itis3yearssinceIsawhimlasttime.3）Mr.Wanghasworkedinthefactorysincehecametothecity.自從到這個(gè)城市以來(lái)，王先生一直在這家工廠工作。4）She'sbeenatthisschoolsincefiveyearsago.自從五年前以來(lái)她就在這個(gè)學(xué)校?！咀⒁猓孩僭谶@類句子的\o"歡迎登陸"肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。短暫性動(dòng)詞由于動(dòng)作不能持續(xù)，故不能與for(達(dá)到；累計(jì))或since（自從……到現(xiàn)在）引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用?！咳纾篐ehasdiedfor5years.他已經(jīng)死了5年了。die是短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能死了5年還沒(méi)死完。所以必須改成：Hehasbeendeadfor5years.②對(duì)for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)要用Howlong▲部分短暫性動(dòng)詞與之對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這\o"歡迎登陸"種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。終止性動(dòng)詞，也\o"歡迎登陸"稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open,close,finish,begin,e,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。begin/start→beonbee→bebuy→haveborrow→keepehere→behereeback→bebacke→beheregothere→betherego→betherecatchacold→haveacoldleave→beawayfeelill→beillfinish→beover,fallasleep→beasleepputon→weardie→bedeadjoin→bein/beamemberofgo(get)out→beoutgettoknow→knowgetup→beupgetto/arrive/reach→be(in)leave→beawayfrommoveto→liveinopensth.→keepsth.open例:(1)\o"歡迎登陸"Theoldmandied4yearsago.

=Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.

=Itis4year\o"歡迎登陸"ssincetheoldmandied.

=Fouryearshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.

(2)Hejoined\o"歡迎登陸"theParty2yearsago.

=HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.

(3)Iboughtthebook5daysago.

=Ihavehadthebookfor5days.補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：1.

Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus________for20minutes.A.hasleft

B.hadleft

C.hasbeenaway

D.hadbeenaway2.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.

A.joined

B.havejoined

C.havebeenin3.

Thefactory________sincetheFebruaryof1988.

A.hasbeenopen

B.hasopened

C.wasopen

D.opened4.

MaryandRose_______friendssincetheymetin2000.

A.havemade

B.havebeen

C.made

D.havebee5.Youmustn't________untilheesback.

A.beaway

B.leave

C.beleft6.Themeeting

_______foraweeknow.

A.hasfinished

B.hasended

C.hasbeenover7.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.

A.hasbeenin

B.haseto

C.hastaught8.Ben______ateacherfor4years.

A.hasbeen

B.hasbee

C.was

D.became9.I______homeforaweek.

A.havereturned

B.havebeenback

C.returned10.Howlong_______he________?

A.died

B.has,died

C.has,beendead11.HowlongcanI______thebook?

Twoweeks.A.borrow

B.lend

C.get

D.keep12.He________thecarforaweek.

A.bought

B.hasbought

C.hashad

13.Howlong_____you_____ill?Twoweeks.

A.didfall

B.have,fell

C.have,been14.Since2000,he_____hishometown.

A.hasleft

B.hasmovedaway

C.hasbeenawayfrom15.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.

A.borrow

B.keep

C.take16.Thebus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar.

A.hasstopped

B.stopped

C.hasbeen17.Areyou_____thejacketthesedays?

A.wearing

B.puttingon

C.dressing

D.on18.He________for2hours.

A.gotup

B.

hasgotup

C.hasbeenup19.Tomisillinhospital.He_______acoldforseveraldays.A.is

B.catches

C.hascaught

D.hashad一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，那么這兩種時(shí)態(tài)有什么區(qū)別呢？①一般過(guò)去時(shí)與具體的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如：yesterday連用；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去發(fā)生，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。②現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與自已的特\o"歡迎登陸"征詞連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或過(guò)去開(kāi)始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。例：Hesawthefilmlastnight.(過(guò)去時(shí)，表示他昨晚看過(guò)那部電影了，現(xiàn)在不知還要不要再看一次)Hehas(ever)seenthefilmbefore.（現(xiàn)在\完成時(shí)，表時(shí)他已看過(guò)那部電影，現(xiàn)在不想再看了）不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞A.原型：過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞完全不同drinkdrank\o"歡迎登陸"drunkringrangrungswimswamswumsingsangsungsinksanksunkblowblewblowngrowgrewgrownknowknewknownflyflewflowntaketooktakenshakeshookshakendrivedrovedrivenwritewrotewrittenriseroserisenrideroderiddenspeakspokespokenstealstolestolenbreakbrokebrokenwakewokewokenfreezefrozefrozenforgetforgotforgottenchoosechosechosendrawdrewdrawneatateeatenfallfellfallengivegavegivenhidehidhiddendodiddoneseesawseenB.過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞完全相同brightbr\o"歡迎登陸"oughtbroughtthinkthoughtthoughtfightfoughtfoughtbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtsellsoldsoldtellt\o"歡迎登陸"oldtoldsaysaidsaidpaypaidpaidsendsent\o"歡迎登陸"sentlendlentlentspendspentspentburnburnt\o"歡迎登陸"burntlearnlearntlearntmeanmeantmeantfeel\o"歡迎登陸"feltfeltsmellsmeltsmeltsleepsleptsleptsweepsleptsleptleaveleftleftbuildbuiltbuiltloselost\o"歡迎登陸"lostgetgotgotmeetmetmetsitsat\o"歡迎登陸"satshootshotshotleadledledspitspat\o"歡迎登陸"spathavehadhadholdheldheldmakemademadestandstoodstoodhearheardheardfindfoundfounddigdugdugshineshoneshoneunderstand\o"歡迎登陸"understoodunderstoodwinwonwonC.原型與過(guò)去分詞相同ecameerunranrunbeebecamebeeD.原形與過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞完全相同castcastcastcutcutcutputputputletlet\o"歡迎登陸"letsetsetsethithithit現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_____what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still3、Havey\o"歡迎登陸"oumetMr.Li______?A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.i\o"歡迎登陸"swritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;stu\o"歡迎登陸"dyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8、HarryPotteri\o"歡迎登陸"saverynicefilm.I______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10、—____\o"歡迎登陸"__you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebeeD.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.eD.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was16、MissG\o"歡迎登陸"reenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,________?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19、_________h\o"歡迎登陸"asMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_____toChina?A.Howsoon\o"歡迎登陸",esB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncle_______formorethan9years.A.has\o"歡迎登陸"ehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity21.I______\o"歡迎登陸"theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin22.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened23.Youmus\o"歡迎登陸"tn't_____untilheesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft24.Themeet\o"歡迎登陸"ing_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover25.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hasetoC.hastaught26.Ben_____\o"歡迎登陸"_ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbeeC.wasD.became27.I______homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned28.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead29.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept30.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad31.H\o"歡迎登陸"owlong_____you_____ill?Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been32.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom33.I'llle\o"歡迎登陸"ndyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.