職業(yè)健康和安全培訓(xùn)

OccupationalHealthandSafetyTraining

職業(yè)安康和平安培訓(xùn)ChemicalSafety化學(xué)平安.Objectives目的Bytheendofthissession,youwillbeableto:經(jīng)過本節(jié),您將能Identifythedifferentchemicalhazardclasses識(shí)別不同的化學(xué)危害類別Identifysafeproceduresforhandlingchemicals識(shí)別處置化學(xué)品的平安程序Identifyhealthhazardsfordifferentchemicalhazardclasses識(shí)別不同化學(xué)危害類別的安康危害Identifyfirstaidproceduresfordifferentchemicalhazardclasses識(shí)別不同化學(xué)危害類別的急救措施.ExposureLimits接觸限ExposureLimit接觸限Themaximumallowedairborneconcentrationofachemical允許的化學(xué)品空氣中的最高濃度Notintendedtorepresentafinelinebetweensafeandharmfulconditions有旨在于平安和危害條件中劃一明晰的線itisnotpossibletotakeintoaccountallfactorswhichcouldinfluencetheeffectthatexposuretothesubstancemayhaveonanindividualworker不能夠思索能夠影響員工與化學(xué)品接觸而產(chǎn)生作用一切要素theguidingprincipleiseliminationofexposureorreductiontothelowestlevelthatisreasonablyachievablebelowtheexposurelimit指南性原那么就是消除接觸,或減少至最低限.ExposureLimitscont’d接觸限Exposurelimitsareexpressedas接觸限表示為8-hourexposurelimit8小時(shí)接觸限15-minuteexposurelimit15分鐘接觸限ceilinglimit最高限.ExposureLimits:8-HourLimit

8小時(shí)接觸限Thetimeweightedaverageconcentrationofasubstanceinairwhichmaynotbeexceededoveranormal8hourworkperiod在空氣中的平均濃度,不能超越8個(gè)小時(shí)的任務(wù)時(shí)間Aworkercanbeexposedtothisexposurelimitdayafterday,withoutarespirator,withnoadversehealtheffects員工每天可以如此接觸化學(xué)品,可以不帶防毒面具,對(duì)員工安康不會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響.ExposureLimits:15-MinuteLimit

15分鐘接觸限Thetimeweightedaverageconcentrationofasubstanceinairwhichmaynotbeexceededoverany15minuteperiod在空氣中的平均濃度,不能超越15分鐘Staffexposureislimitedtonomorethan4suchperiodsinan8hourworkshiftwithatleastonehourbetweenany2successive15minutesexcursionperiods員工在8個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi),接觸時(shí)間不得超越4個(gè)15分鐘.并且間隔1小時(shí)遠(yuǎn)離化學(xué)品.CeilingExposureLimit

最高限Theconcentrationofasubstanceinairwhichmaynotbeexceededatanytimeduringtheworkperiod任務(wù)期間,空氣間的濃度任何時(shí)間都不能超越.ChemicalHazards化學(xué)危害Chemicalhazardsaredefinedaccordingtooneofsixhazardcategories:按化學(xué)品分類規(guī)定有六類化學(xué)危害 (A)–Compressedgases緊縮氣體 (B)–Flammableandcombustible可燃物/易燃物 (C)–Oxidizing氧化物 (D)–Toxic毒性 (E)–Corrosive腐蝕性 (F)–DangerouslyReactiveMaterials危害反響的物質(zhì).ClassA–CompressedGases

A類—緊縮氣體.ClassA–CompressedGasescont’d

A類—緊縮氣體ClassA–compressedgasesA類—緊縮氣體compressedgases,dissolvedgasesorgasesliquefiedbycompressionorrefrigerationwithinreinforcedmetalcylinders.緊縮氣體,溶解氣體,在加固的金屬汽瓶被壓力或冷卻液化的氣體.ClassA–CylinderSafety

A類—?dú)馄科桨睲ishandledCylinders氣瓶操作失誤Mayruptureviolentlyandreleasetheirhazardouscontentsorbecomedangerousprojectiles猛烈斷開,釋放出危害品,或發(fā)射性危害Iftheneckofapressurizedcylinderisaccidentallybrokenoff,theenergyreleasedcanpropelthecylinderupto1200meters.假設(shè)壓力瓶頸忽然斷裂,釋放出的才干可以將氣瓶彈至1200米DamagedCylinders損壞的氣瓶Returntomanufacturer退回消費(fèi)商.ClassA–CylinderSafetycont’d

A類—?dú)馄科桨睠ylinderwithUnknownContent未知內(nèi)容的氣瓶Returntomanufacturer退回消費(fèi)商MovingCylinders挪動(dòng)氣瓶Wearappropriatefootprotection穿上適當(dāng)?shù)哪_部防護(hù)ChemicalSafety化學(xué)平安HaveappropriateMSDS’savailable得到適當(dāng)?shù)奈镔|(zhì)平安數(shù)據(jù)表Befamiliarwiththehealthrisks,flammabilityandreactivityhazardsforaparticulargas.熟習(xí)安康危害,可燃性,與特定氣體的反響危害Ensuretheyareproperlylabeled確保適當(dāng)標(biāo)志Identityofgas氣體標(biāo)識(shí)Hazards危害.CylinderStorage氣瓶的存放Storeawayfromincompatiblegroups與不相容品分開存放 flammablesfromoxidizers可燃物與氧化劑分開 corrosivesfromflammables腐蝕物與可燃物分開 fullcylindersfromempties滿瓶與空瓶分開 allcylindersfromcorrosivevapors一切氣瓶遠(yuǎn)離腐蝕性蒸氣oxygencylindersmustbeaminimumof6metersawayfromflammablegascylindersorcombustiblematerials氧氣瓶須與可燃性氣瓶或易燃性物質(zhì)分別至少6米.CylinderStorage氣瓶存放Secureemptyandfullcylinderstoafixedsupportbyuseofchains,orothersubstantialrestrainingdevice用鏈條或其它鞏固的控制安裝固定空瓶或裝滿氣體的氣瓶Storeupright直立存放Keepvalveprotectivecapsinplacewhilenotinuse不用時(shí),將平安閥門的蓋蓋好MarkemptycylindersEMPTY將空瓶標(biāo)志“空瓶〞Keepvalvesclosedonemptycylinders空瓶氣閥擰緊Keepawayfromsourcesofheat遠(yuǎn)離熱源.CylinderStoragecont’d

氣瓶存放Keepawayfromelectricalwiring遠(yuǎn)離電線Storeinwellventilatedareasdesignedandmarkedonlyforcylinders在良好通風(fēng)的地方存放,并標(biāo)明僅存放氣瓶.MovingCylinders挪動(dòng)氣瓶Placecylinderonacylindercart氣瓶放在氣瓶公用手推車上Securecylindertocartwithachain.用鏈子將氣瓶固定在手推車上Removeregulatorandattachprotectivevalvecapbeforemovingthecylinder.挪動(dòng)前,拿掉調(diào)理閥,蓋上防護(hù)蓋Donotholdcylinderbytheprotectivecapwhenmovingorlifting挪動(dòng)或抬升過程中,不要以防護(hù)蓋為把手Donotdrop不要跌落Donotallowcylinderstostrikeeachother氣瓶不得相互撞擊Handlewithextremecare挪動(dòng)時(shí)特別小心.CylinderUse氣瓶運(yùn)用Ensureallconnectionsaretight確保一切銜接嚴(yán)密Applysoapywatertolocateleaks用肥皂水檢驗(yàn)漏氣Keepvalves,regulators,couplings,hoseandapparatuscleanandfreeofoilandgrease堅(jiān)持閥,調(diào)理閥,結(jié)合處,軟管和儀器清潔,沒有滑膩Donotattempttorepairsafetydevicesandvalves–returntomanufacturer不要修復(fù)平安安裝和閥,退回消費(fèi)商Opencylindervalvesslowly漸漸翻開氣閥Standawayfromthefaceandbackofthegaugewhileopening翻開時(shí)不要面對(duì)壓力計(jì)的外表和反面.ClassB–Flammableand

CombustibleLiquids

B類—可燃和易燃液體.ClassB–Flammableand

CombustibleLiquids

B類—可燃和易燃液體Definition:定義Flammableandcombustibleliquidsaresubstanceswhosevapourscanburnorexplode.可燃和易燃液體其蒸氣可以熄滅或爆炸Flammableliquids可燃液體Giveoffvapors釋放蒸氣Usuallyheavierthanair比空氣重Cantravellongdistancesuntilreachingasourceofignition(openflame,hotsurface,staticsparks)causingafireorexplosion到達(dá)熄滅來源之前能夠流過較長間隔,引起火災(zāi)或爆炸Canflowtherebyincreasingfirehazards能夠流動(dòng),添加火災(zāi)的危害Burningflammableliquidsalsoflow,furtherspreadingthefire熄滅的可燃液體也能夠流動(dòng),并進(jìn)一步蔓延火災(zāi).FlammableandCombustible

Liquids–GeneralSafety

可燃和易燃液體-通用平安ObtainandreadtheMSDS.得到并閱讀物質(zhì)平安數(shù)據(jù)表Beawareofallofthehazards.了解一切危害Avoidoreliminateignitionsourceswhenworkingwithflammableliquids.當(dāng)運(yùn)用可燃液體時(shí),防止或消除火源Store,handle,anduseflammableandcombustibleliquidsinwellventilatedareas.在良好通風(fēng)的地方存放,處置和運(yùn)用可燃和易燃液體.FlammableandCombustible

Liquids–GeneralSafety

可燃和易燃液體-通用平安Wearappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipment.穿上適當(dāng)?shù)膫€(gè)人防護(hù)設(shè)備Usearubberholdertotransportflammableliquidswithinthebuilding運(yùn)用橡膠支撐物在建筑物內(nèi)來運(yùn)輸可燃液體Knowhowtohandleemergencies(fires,spills,personalinjury).了解如何處置緊急事項(xiàng)(火災(zāi),遺灑,人員損傷).FlammableandCombustibleLiquids-Storage可燃和易燃液體-存放Storein存放在:safecontainers平安容器中insidefireresistantstoragecabinetsdesignedforflammablesOR可燃?xì)怏w公用防火的儲(chǔ)存柜中insidestoragerooms儲(chǔ)存室Minimizetheamountofflammableliquidsstoredinthelaboratory盡量減小實(shí)驗(yàn)室可燃液體存儲(chǔ)量Closecontainerswhennotinuse不用時(shí)封鎖容器Donotuseinareaswithignitionsources不要在有火源的地方運(yùn)用.FlammableLiquids–HealthHazards可燃液體—安康危害AcuteHealthEffects嚴(yán)重的安康影響Inhalation吸入Headaches,fatigue,dizziness,drowsiness,narcosis(stuporandunresponsiveness)頭疼,疲勞,眩暈,愚鈍,麻醉(昏迷,無反響才干)Ingestion攝入Slightgastro-intestinalirritation,dizziness,fatigue細(xì)微的腸胃疼痛,眩暈,疲勞Skincontact皮膚接觸Dry,cracked,andchappedskin枯燥,破裂,皮膚干裂Eyecontact眼睛接觸Stinging,wateryeyes,andinflammationoftheeyelids刺痛,流淚,眼瞼發(fā)炎.FlammableLiquids–HealthHazardscont’d可燃液體—安康危害ChronicHealthEffects慢性安康影響dependson取決于specificchemical哪種化學(xué)品durationofexposure接觸時(shí)間長短extentofexposure接觸范圍damagetothelungs,liver,kidneys,heartand/orcentralnervoussystemmayoccur能夠?qū)Ψ?肝,腎,心臟和中樞神系統(tǒng)呵斥損害cancerandreproductiveeffectsarealsopossible也能夠引發(fā)癌癥和對(duì)生殖系統(tǒng)的影響.FlammableLiquids–FirstAid

可燃液體—急救InhalationandIngestionExposure吸入和攝入接觸Removepersonfromthecontaminatedareaifitissafetodoso假設(shè)平安的話,將人員從污染區(qū)移開Getmedicalattentionanddonotleavethepersonunattended懇求醫(yī)療救助,不要只留下病人Skincontact:皮膚接觸Removepersonfromsourceofcontamination將人員移離污染源Removeclothing,jewelryandshoesfromaffectedareas將受損傷部位的衣服脫掉,或手飾和鞋子Flushtheaffectedareawithwaterforatleast20minutes將受損傷部位用水沖洗至少20分鐘Obtainmedicalattention懇求醫(yī)療救助.FlammableLiquids–FirstAidcont’d

可燃液體—急救Eyecontact:眼睛接觸Removepersonfromsourceofcontamination將人員移離污染源Flusheyeswithwaterforatleast20minutes用水沖洗眼睛至少20分鐘Getmedicalattention懇求醫(yī)療救助.ClassC–OxidizingMaterials

C類—氧化物.ClassC–OxidizingMaterialscont’d

C類—氧化物Definition定義Oxidizingmaterialsaresubstancesthatreadilyyieldoxygenoritsequivalenttostimulatethecombustion(oxidation)oforganicmatter氧化物是容易產(chǎn)生氧氣或類似物質(zhì),激活有機(jī)物熄滅(氧化)的物質(zhì)Oxidizersareincompatiblewith氧化劑與以下物質(zhì)不相容Reducingagents(whichusuallycontainhydrogen),suchashydrides,bisulfitesandthiosulfates復(fù)原劑(通常含氫氣)如氫化物,重亞硫酸鹽和硫代硫酸鹽Flammableandcombustiblematerials可燃和易燃物.ClassC–OxidizingMaterialscont’d

C類—氧化物Organicperoxides有機(jī)過氧化物Aparticulargroupofoxidizingmaterialsthatareoftenunstableinnature一組性質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定的氧化物L(fēng)owpowerexplosiveswhicharesensitivetoheatorshock對(duì)光和撞擊敏感的低能量爆炸品SeePeroxideProgramTrainingSession見過氧化物方案培訓(xùn)一節(jié)的內(nèi)容.OxidizingMaterials–Storage

氧化物-存放Oxidizers氧化物Storeawayfromflammables,organiccompounds,andcombustiblematerials與可燃物,有機(jī)化合物和易燃物分開存放Strongoxidizers強(qiáng)氧化劑Ex:chromicacid如鉻酸Storeinglassorotherinertcontainer(preferablyunbreakable)存放在玻璃或其它惰性容器中(最好是不會(huì)破損的)Donotusecorksandrubberstoppers不要運(yùn)用軟木塞和橡膠塞.OxidizingMaterials–HealthHazards氧化物-安康危害AcuteHealthHazards嚴(yán)重安康危害Nitricandsulfuricacidvapours,chlorineand hydrogenperoxideactasirritantgases硝酸和硫酸蒸氣,氯和過氧化氫是刺激性氣體Cancauseinflammationofthe引起發(fā)炎Upperairways上呼吸道Throat嗓子.OxidizingMaterials–HealthHazardscont’d氧化物-安康危害ChronicHealthHazards慢性安康危害nitrobenzeneandchromiumcompoundscancausehematologicalandneurologicalchanges硝基苯和鉻化合物可引發(fā)血液和神經(jīng)上的變化chromiumandmanganesecompoundscancauseliverandkidneydisease鉻和錳化合物可引發(fā)肝和腎的疾病chromium(VI)compoundshavebeenassociatedwithlungcancer鉻化合物與肺癌有關(guān)聯(lián).OxidizingMaterials–FirstAid

氧化物—急救Inhalation,ingestionordirectcontact呼入,攝入或直接接觸Removeinjuredpersonfromthesourceofcontaminationasquicklyaspossiblewhenitissafetodoso假設(shè)平安,盡快將遭到損傷的人員移離污染源Obtainmedicalattentionimmediately立刻懇求醫(yī)療救護(hù).OxidizingMaterials–FirstAidcont’d

氧化物—急救Exposuretoskinoreyes與皮膚或眼睛接觸Takeinjuredpersontoanemergencyshoweroreyewashimmediately立刻將受傷人員緊急淋浴或沖洗眼睛Flushtheaffectedareaforaminimumof20minutes沖洗受傷部位至少20分鐘Obtainmedicalattention得到醫(yī)療救護(hù).ClassD–ToxicChemicals

D類—有毒化學(xué)品.ClassD–ToxicChemicals

D類—有毒化學(xué)品Definition定義Atoxicchemicalisanysubstancethatmaycausedamagetostructure,ordisturbancetofunction,whenitisingested,inhaled,orabsorbed,orwhenappliedto,injectedintoordevelopedwithinthebody,inrelativelysmallamounts,byitschemicalaction.指當(dāng)人體攝入,吸入或吸收少量某種物質(zhì),或少量運(yùn)用,注入或身體內(nèi)構(gòu)成該物質(zhì),由于化學(xué)作用,會(huì)對(duì)人體的組織產(chǎn)生損害或引發(fā)功能紊亂,這類物質(zhì)就是有毒化學(xué)品.ToxicChemicalscont’d

D類—有毒化學(xué)品3subdivisions:三級(jí)分類D1–materialscausingimmediateandserioustoxiceffects立刻引起嚴(yán)重毒性效果的物質(zhì)D2–materialscausingothertoxiceffectssuchas:引起諸如以下其它毒性效果的物質(zhì)chronic(longterm)慢性(長期)carcinogenic(causingcancer)致癌物質(zhì)teratogenic(damagesfetus)使胎兒產(chǎn)生畸形reproductive(damagesreproductiveorgans)生殖系統(tǒng)損傷mutagenic(damagesbacterialDNA)基因突變irritatingorsensitizingeffects刺激或光敏影響. ToxicChemicals

有毒化學(xué)品 D3–Biohazardousandinfectiousmaterials生物危害和傳染物質(zhì).ToxicChemicals–RoutesofEntry有毒化學(xué)品—進(jìn)入渠道Skinandeyes皮膚和眼睛Maycauselocalirritationortissuedestruction引起部分刺激或組織損傷Symptomsofexposure接觸病癥Dryorwhitenedskin皮膚枯燥,發(fā)白R(shí)ednessandswelling發(fā)紅和腫脹Rash皮疹Blisters水泡Itching癢Protection防護(hù)Bandageallcutsandscrapes包扎傷口Wearappropriategloves載手套Wearsafetyglasses,gogglesorfaceshield戴平安眼鏡,護(hù)目鏡或面具.ToxicChemicals–RoutesofEntrycont’d有毒化學(xué)品—進(jìn)入渠道 RespiratoryTract呼吸道Symptoms:病癥Eye,noseandthroatirritation眼睛,鼻子和嗓子刺激Increasedmucousinnoseandthroat;鼻子和嗓子分泌物增多Narcoticeffects(headache,confusion,dizziness,collapse)麻醉效果(頭疼,思想混亂,眩暈,虛脫)Asphyxiation窒息Protection防護(hù)Fumehoods通風(fēng)櫥Respirators防毒面具.ToxicChemicals–RoutesofEntrycont’d有毒化學(xué)品—進(jìn)入渠道 Gastrointestinaltract腸胃系統(tǒng)Symptoms:病癥Mouthandthroatdiscomfort嘴和嗓子不適Gastrointestinaldiscomfort腸胃不適Coma昏迷Death死亡Protection:護(hù)護(hù)Donotpipettebymouth不要用嘴吸移液管Donotstorefooditemsinlabglasswareorlabrefrigerator不要在實(shí)驗(yàn)室玻璃器皿或冰箱中存放食品Donoteatinthelab不要在實(shí)驗(yàn)室吃東西Washhandsafterworkingwithchemicals,beforeleavingthelabandbeforeeating運(yùn)用化學(xué)品后,分開實(shí)驗(yàn)室前和吃飯前洗手.ToxicChemicals–RoutesofEntrycont’d有毒化學(xué)品—進(jìn)入渠道 Injection-throughmishapswithneedlesandbrokenglassware注入—不小心運(yùn)用針頭和碎玻璃Symptoms:病癥Localorsystemic部分的或系統(tǒng)性的Protection:防護(hù)Wearprotectivegloves戴防護(hù)手套Usebroomanddustpanforcleaningupbrokenglass運(yùn)用掃帚和畚箕清掃碎玻璃.ClassE–CorrosiveChemicals

E類—腐蝕性化學(xué)品Definition定義Corrosivesubstancesarethosematerialsthat,uponcontact,causevisibledestructionof,orirreversiblealterationsto,tissueormetal.腐蝕性化學(xué)品是那些一經(jīng)接觸對(duì)組織或金屬引起可見的損害,或不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的改動(dòng)的物質(zhì).CorrosiveChemicalscont’d

腐蝕性化學(xué)品Examples例如Acids/bases酸/堿Non-metalchlorides非金屬氯化物Dehydratingagents脫水劑Halogens鹵素Oxidizingagents氧化劑.CorrosiveChemicalscont’d

腐蝕性化學(xué)品Nitric,sulphuric,hydrochloricacid硝酸,硫酸,高氯酸SodiumHydroxide,AmmoniumHydroxide過氧化鈉,過氧化銨PhosphorousPentoxide,calciumoxide五氧化磷,氧化鈣Fluorine,chlorine,bromine氟,氯,溴Peroxides,permanganates,halogenates過氧化物,高錳酸和鹵化物.CorrosiveChemicals–Storage

腐蝕性化學(xué)品-存放Storeacidsseparatelyfrombases酸和堿分開存放Neverstoreaboveeyelevel不要在高于眼睛的部位存放Storeinatrayorbuckettocontainanyleaks在盤子或桶中存入,以防走漏.CorrosiveChemicals–AcuteHealthHazards腐蝕性化學(xué)品—嚴(yán)重安康危害Inhalation吸入irritationofmucousmembranes刺激黏膜difficultybreathing呼吸困難coughing咳嗽pulmonaryedema肺水腫.CorrosiveChemicals–AcuteHealthHazards腐蝕性化學(xué)品—嚴(yán)重安康危害Ingestion:攝入Irritationandburningsensationoflips,mouthandthroat;嘴唇,嘴和嗓子有刺激和灼痛Swellingofthethroat嗓子腫脹Painfulabdominalcramps腹脹絞痛Vomiting嘔吐Shock休克Riskofperforationofthestomach胃穿孔的危險(xiǎn).CorrosiveChemicals–AcuteHealthHazards腐蝕性化學(xué)品—嚴(yán)重安康危害Eyecontact:眼睛接觸Stinging刺痛Wateringeyes眼睛流淚Swellingofeyelids眼瞼腫脹Intensepain猛烈疼痛Ulcerationofeyes睛睛潰瘍Lossofeyesight喪失視力.CorrosiveChemicals–AcuteHealthHazards腐蝕性化學(xué)品—嚴(yán)重安康危害SkinContact皮膚接觸Burning灼痛Redness發(fā)紅Swelling腫脹Painfulblisters引發(fā)疼痛的水泡Profounddamagetotissues組織的嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷Aslippery,soapyfeelingwithalkalis象與堿接觸的那種滑潤,有皂泡的覺得.CorrosiveChemicals–ChronicHealthHazards腐蝕性化學(xué)品—慢性安康危害Symptomsvarydependingonthechemical化學(xué)品不同,病癥不同ChroniceffectofHClisdamagetotheteethHCl對(duì)牙齒的慢性損傷ChroniceffectsofHFacidaredecreasedbonedensity,fluorosisandanemiaHF酸慢性降低骨骼密度,氟中毒和貧血ChroniceffectsofNaOHareunknownNaOH的慢性影響還是未知的.CorrosiveChemicals–FirstAid

腐蝕性化學(xué)品—急救Inhalation吸入Removepersonfromsourceofcontaminationifsafetodoso假設(shè)平安,將人員移離污染源Getmedicalattention得到醫(yī)療救護(hù)Keeppersonwarm給受傷人員保暖.CorrosiveChemicals–FirstAidcont’d腐蝕性化學(xué)品—急救Ingestion:攝入Removepersonfromsourceofcontaminationwhensafetodoso假設(shè)平安,將人員移離污染源Getmedicalattention得到醫(yī)療救護(hù)Informemergencyrespondersofthenameofthechemicalswallowed通知救護(hù)人員攝入的化學(xué)品稱號(hào).CorrosiveChemicals–FirstAidcont’d腐蝕性化學(xué)品—急救Skincontact皮膚接觸Removepersonfromsourceofcontaminationwhensafetodoso假設(shè)平安,將人員移離污染源Immediatelytakepersontoemergencyshower立刻將人員緊急淋浴Removeclothing,shoes,socks,andjewelryfromaffectedareasasquicklyaspossible盡快將受傷部位的衣服,鞋,襪子,首飾脫掉Cutoffifnecessary必要時(shí)割開Flushaffectedareawithwaterforaminimumof20minutes用水沖洗受