動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)+課件

詞性七—?jiǎng)釉~動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的分類——實(shí)義動(dòng)詞；系動(dòng)詞；助動(dòng)詞；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞123動(dòng)詞—時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的詞形變化——原形；過(guò)去式；過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法——時(shí)態(tài)；語(yǔ)態(tài)；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.動(dòng)詞的分類—1.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞含實(shí)在的意義表示動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)在句中獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)Theyeatalotofpotatoes.I’mreadinganEnglishbooknow.2.連系動(dòng)詞本身有一定意義be動(dòng)詞&感官動(dòng)詞Hisfatherisateacher.（be動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）Twinsusuallylookthesame.3.助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，只和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示否定疑問(wèn)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)等有人稱單復(fù)數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish.（輔助構(gòu)成否定）Weareplayingbasketball.(be動(dòng)詞作助動(dòng)詞輔助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有意義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，和動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化，有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式Y(jié)oucankeepthebooksfortwoweeks.can—could動(dòng)詞的詞形變化

原形—過(guò)去式—過(guò)去分詞be,am,iswasbeenbe,arewerebeenbeatbeatbeatenloselostlostmakemademadeputputput動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般ask,asksaskedshall,willaskshould,wouldask進(jìn)行am,is,are,askingwas,wereaskingshall,willbeaskingshould,wouldbeasking完成have,hasaskedhadaskedshall,willhaveaskedshould,wouldhaveasked完成進(jìn)行have,hasbeenaskinghadbeenaskingshall,willhavebeenaskingshould,wouldhavebeenasking動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（4個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)）一般過(guò)去時(shí)（2個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)）一般將來(lái)時(shí)（2個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（3個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（3個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（4個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)）過(guò)去完成時(shí)（3個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)（4個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（2個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)）現(xiàn)在將來(lái)過(guò)去一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)TheygotothePalaceMuseumonceayear.Theyoftendiscussbusinessintheevening.表示客觀真理，事實(shí)，人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時(shí)句子里一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Theearthturnsroundthesun.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.十分確定會(huì)發(fā)生（事先安排好的事情）或按照時(shí)間表進(jìn)行的事情用一般現(xiàn)在表示將來(lái)，句子中可以有將來(lái)時(shí)間ThetrainforHaikouleavesat8:00inthemorning.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句&條件狀語(yǔ)從句，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)PleaseringmeupassoonasyouarriveinGermany.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillhavetostayathome.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性，也可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生LittleTombrokethewindowathalfninethismorning.Whenhewentintotheroom,hesawastrangertalkingwithhisfather.Hecametoourcityintheyear2000.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)will動(dòng)作與人的主觀愿望無(wú)關(guān)shall用于第一人稱will用于所有人稱

am,is,aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形am,is,areto+動(dòng)詞原形beto+動(dòng)詞原形（打算／準(zhǔn)備要做的事情，主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情）Iwillgraduatefromthisschoolsoon.It’sgoingtorain.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be(amisare)+現(xiàn)在分詞Iamwritingalongnovel.表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般指近期安排好的事情Whatareyoudoingtomorrow?頻繁發(fā)生／反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與always等頻度副詞連用表示贊揚(yáng)，不滿或者討厭等感情色彩Heisalwaysborrowingmoneyfrommeandforgettingallaboutitsometimelater.5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用于賓語(yǔ)從句或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行而且延續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)；句子中通常不用狀語(yǔ)Hewascookingsupperthistimeyesterday.ThelittlegirlwasplayingwithhertoywhenIsawher.Shesawithappenwhenshewaswalkingpast.Theysangalotofsongswhiletheywerewalkinginthedarkforest.6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have(has)+done時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Ihaveneverseensuchtimepicturesbefore.HehasjustgonetoEngland.表示在過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownforthirtyyears.UncleWanghasworkedinthefactorysinceitopened.在完成時(shí)中，一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞（一次性動(dòng)作）不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，此時(shí)必須將瞬間動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞瞬間性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)Have(already)gonetoHavebeenin/at...for(twoyears)HascometoHasbeenheresince(1990)7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去式”助動(dòng)詞had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，after引導(dǎo)的從句中，或者從句是before引導(dǎo)的主句中Theyhadalreadyfinishedcleaningtheclassroomwhentheirteachercame.Thewomanhadleftbeforeherealizedshewasacheat.AfterIhadputonmyshoesandhat,Iwalkedintothedarkness.Hesaidthathehadneverseenakangaroobefore.8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should或would動(dòng)詞原型構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不可以使用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，而應(yīng)該使用一班過(guò)去時(shí)表示純粹的將來(lái)時(shí)用would或should;表示打算或主觀認(rèn)為的事情用was/weregoingto(+動(dòng)詞原形)HepromisedthathewouldpaymealotofmoneyifIhelpedhimwiththeproject.Everytimewhenhewasfree,hewouldsitdownandreadsomebooks.Shetoldmeshewouldbe18thenextmonth.Shetoldmethatshewasgoingtohaveawalkwithherpetdog.9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)指一個(gè)從過(guò)去就開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，它具有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)雙重特征結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞Hehasbeencourtingherforthelastthreemonths.動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)定義構(gòu)成用法方法：雙賓to賓補(bǔ)短語(yǔ)定義主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者（即某人做某事），叫主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受著（即某事被做），叫被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞（和主系表不一樣）助動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)by短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可省去被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者（即不知道所做的）時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，省略by短語(yǔ)眾所周知是誰(shuí)做的時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，省略by短語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，句尾加by的短語(yǔ)Amanwaskilledintheaccident.

Thiswindowwasbrokenyesterday.

(不知道誰(shuí)干的)

Riceisalsogrowninthisplace.

Arailroadwillbebuilthereinthreeyears.

（眾所周知）

ItwaswrittenbyLuXun.

Apetdogisneverkilledbyitsowner.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)（涉及主格和賓格）將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為be+過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為介詞by之后的賓語(yǔ)，放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后（有時(shí)可省略）雙賓的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)把間接賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)仍保留原位把直接賓語(yǔ)改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，簡(jiǎn)介賓語(yǔ)前要加介詞to或forHisteachergavehimadictionary.Hewasgivenadictionarybyhisteacher.Adictionarywasgiventohimbyhisteacher.+to不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)態(tài)，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不定式前要+to（使役動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)無(wú)to被動(dòng)加to）Thebossmadethepoormanwork12hoursaday.----Thepoormanwasmadetowork12hoursaday.帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中做助于補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Ipaintthehousewhite.Thehoseispaintedwhitebyme.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)做謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不可分割的整體，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要保持其完整性，介詞或副詞不可遺漏Thegirltakesgoodcareofherlittlebrother.Thegirl'slittlebrotheristakengoodcareofbyher.Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterd