2021年上海高三高考模擬英語(yǔ)試卷（進(jìn)階卷-優(yōu)化模擬一）

2021年上海高三高考模擬英語(yǔ)試卷(進(jìn)階卷-優(yōu)化模擬一)-學(xué)生用卷

一、語(yǔ)法填空(本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分)

1、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬(進(jìn)階卷-優(yōu)化模擬一)第21~30題10分(每題1分)

Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,

socialchangesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologyoften1(mistake)fora

changeinattitudes.

Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheir

children2(admit)tocollege.Accordingtoa

survey,3(move)intocollegedormitories,childrenarestilloverly-protective.

Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasa

generationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasign4today'sparentsare

tryingtomanagetheirchildren'slivespastthestage5thisbehavioris

appropriate.

However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgo

oftheirnadult"children.

Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthe

caseofparents'involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.6parentsofearlier

generationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollege-agechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeen

possible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthat

theurgetodosowasn'tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents一today's

grandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildren7(often)ifthemeansandcost

ofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.

Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetween

parentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentscanneverbefinancially

independent8theirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoney

tobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthe

past.

Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,we9liveinanageofbettered

communication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparents

seem10(play)nowadaysinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftfbr

college.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsome

imagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.

二、選詞填空(本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分)

2、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬(進(jìn)階卷-優(yōu)化模擬一)第31~40題10分(每題1分)

A-activeB.addressC.applicationsD.solvingE.availability

F.mainlyG.monitormgH.predictableI.initialJ.currentlyKlab

Theagriculturalsectorisgoingtofaceenormouschallengesinordertofeedthe9.6billionpeoplethatthe

FAO(FoodandAgricultureOrganization)predictsaregoingtoinhabittheplanetby2050:Food

productionmustincreaseby70%by2050,andthishastobeachievedinspiteofthe

limited1ofarable(適合耕種的)lands,theincreasingneedforfreshwater

(agricultureconsumes70percentoftheworld'sfreshwatersupply)andother

less2factors,suchastheimpactofclimatechange,which,accordingtoa

recentreportbytheUNcouldlead,amongotherthings,tochangestoseasonaleventsinthelifecycleof

plantsandanimals.

Onewayto3theseissuesandincreasethequalityandquantityof

agriculturalproductionisusingsensingtechnologytomakefarmsmorenintelligent,'andmoreconnected

throughtheso-called"precisionagriculture"alsoknownas"smartfarming".

Precisionagricultureisnotnew.Inthebeginning,itwasaboutposition

technologies4,butitisbecomingmorecomplexmovingtowardsallthe

aspectsofagriculture.

It'ssomethingthat'salreadyhappening,ascorporationsandfarmofficescollectvastamountsof

informationfromcropyields,soil-mapping,fertilizer5,weatherdata,

machinery,andanimalhealth.Inasubsetofsmartfarming,PrecisionLivestockFarming(PLF),sensors

areusedfor6andearlydetectionofreproductioneventsandhealthdisorders

inanimals.

TheEuropeanUnionhassponsoredseveralprojectsonthetopic.

The7runningEU-PLFproject,forinstance,isdesignedtolookatthe

feasibilityofbringingprovenandcost-effectivePrecisionLivestockFanningtoolsfrom

the8tothefarm.

Severalprivatecompaniesarealsostartingtobe9inthisfield,suchas

Anemon(Switzerland),eCow(UK),ConnectedCow(MedriaTechnologiesandDeutscheTelekom)Smart

fishingisat10stagewithsomeprojectsinEurope,SouthKorea,North

AmericaandJapan.

三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，每小題1分，共15分）

3、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬（進(jìn)階卷-優(yōu)化模擬一）第41-55題15分（每題1分）

RobertFrank,aneconomistatCornell,believesthathisprofessionisrestrictingcooperationand

generosity.IntheU.S.,economicsprofessorsgive1moneytocharitythan

professorsinotherfields.EconomicsstudentsinGermanyaremorelikelythanthosefromothermajorsto

recommendanoverpricedplumberwhentheyare2todoit.Economics

majorstendtorate3as"generallygood1',"correct",and"moral"morethan

theirpeers.

Doesstudyingeconomicschangepeople?Maybenot.Itcouldbeself-selection:studentswhoalready

believeinself-interestare4toeconomics.Butthisdoesn'texcludethe

possibilitythatstudyingeconomicspushespeoplefurthertowardtheselfishextreme.Byspendingtime

withlike-mindedpeople,economicsstudentsmaybecome5thatselfishnessis

widespreadandreasonable—oratleastthatgivingisrareandfoolish.

nAsabusinessschoolprofessor,theseeffectsworryme,as

economics,6everyaspectofourlives,istaughtwidelyinbusinessschools,

providinga7forcoursesinmanagement,finance,andaccounting,"says

Frank.

Ifeconomiescan8pro-socialbehavior,whichiscentraltothewell-being

ofpeopleorsociety,whatshouldwedoaboutit?Achangeineconomicsand

business9issuggested.Coursesinbehavioraleconomics,whichconsidersthe

roleof"socialpreferences"like10,fairnessandcooperation,arerequiredfor

studentsofeconomicsmajor.Infact,economicscoursesnotinvolvingsomebehavioraleconomicsare

consideredbothaninadequateeducationandapoorpreparationtobeapractisingeconomist.

Also,Hwidth,economicsmajorsarerequiredtotakecoursesinsocial

scienceslikesociologyandpsychology,whichplaceconsiderableemphasisonhowpeople

are12aboutothers,notonlythemselves.13,

withineconomicscourses,weshoulddoabetterjob[4theprincipleofsell-

interest,whichinvolvesanythingapersonvalues—includinghelpingothers.

UntilthenwemaybedoomingstudentsandsocietytoafateforeshadowedbyNobelPrize-winning

economistandphilosopherAmartyaSen.Callingeconomists"rationalfools'1,Senobserved,HThepurely

economicmanisindeedL5tobeingasocialmoron（傻子）

A.fewerB.lessC.smallerD.more

A.encouragedB.requestedC.assignedD.paid

A.teamworkB.greedC.desireD.economics

A.opposedB.entitledC.drawnD.attached

A.convincedB.depressedC.relaxedD.doubtful

A.dependingonB.adaptingtoC.differingfromD.relatingto

A.potentials.judgmentC.foundationD.reason

A.assessB.researchC.discourageD.cause

A.educationB.standardC.approachD.application

A.competitionB.evaluationC.communityD.generosity

A.incaseofB.intermsofC.inrelationtoD.inneedof

A.concernedB.anxiousC.curiousD.enthusiastic

A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.FurthermoreD.Otherwise

A.claimingB.definingC.overlooking!）,recalling

A.resistantB.familiarC.eagerD.close

四、閱讀理解（本大題共11小題，每小題2分，共22分）

4、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬（A篇）第56~59題8分（每題2分）

Beforethe1870's,trainednurseswerevirtuallyunknownintheUnitedStates.Hospitalnursingwas

anunskilledoccupation,takenupbywomenofthelowerclasses,someofwhomwereconscriptedfrom

thepenitentiaryorthealmshouse.Themovementforreform,originatednotwithdoctors,butamong

upper-classwomen,whohadtakenontheroleofguardiansofanewhygienicorder.Thoughsomedoctors

approvedofthewomen'sdesiretoestablishanursetrainingschool,whichwouldattractthedaughtersof

themiddleclass,othermedicalmenwereopposed.Plainlythreatenedbytheprospect,theyobjectedthat

educatednurseswouldnotdoastheyweretold—aremarkablecommentonthestatusanxietiesof

nineteenth-centuryphysicians.Butthewomenreformersdidnotdependonthephysicians*approval.When

resisted,astheywereatBellevueineffortstoinstalltrainednursesonthematernitywards,theywentover

theheadsofthedoctorstomenoftheirownclassofgreaterpowerandauthority（FlorenceNightingale,

whohadfriendshighintheEnglishgovernment,hadfollowedexactlythesamecourseinreformingher

country*smilitaryhospitals.）Professionalnursing,inshort,emergedneitherfrommedicaldiscoveriesnor

fromaprogramofhospitalreforminitiatedbyphysicians,outsiderssawtheneedfirst.

(1)Accordingtothepassage,thefirstadvocatesofnursingtrainingintheUnitedStates

were.

A.upper-classwomen

B.medicalmen

C.militarycommanders

D.professionalnurses

(2)Thereasonthatsomedoctorsobjectedtotheestablishmentofnursingschoolswere

that.

A.additionalmedicalcarefromnurseswasunnecessary

B.volunteernursesfromtheupper-classwereadequate

C.educatednurseswouldunderminetheirauthority

D.nursingwasanartthatcouldnotbetaught

(3)FlorenceNightingaleismentionedinthepassagetoshow.

A.shewasanurse

B.shehadfriendshighintheEnglishgovernment

C.thenursesatBellevuealsowantedtoreformtheirmedicalhospitals

D.thenursesatBellevuefollowedthewayshedidwhenreforminghercountry，s

militaryhospitals

(4)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

A.Atfirstwomenhavetogiveupthereform.

B.Allthedoctorsopposedthemovementforreform.

C.NursesintheUnitedStatesin1850werepoor,untrainedwomen.

D.AtBellevue,thosetrainednurseswereinstalledondifferentkindsofwards.

5、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬(B篇)第60?62題6分(每題2分)

ReadingYourMind

Moderntechnologyallowsscientiststolookinsidealivinghumanbraintoseewhatishappening.

Theseproceduresaresafeandpainless.Byunderstandingthenormalbrainactivity,doctorsandscientists

arebetterabletoassessthebrain'sbehaviorduringtimesofinjury,disease,andmentalillness.

CTorCATscans:Computedtomography(CT)orcomputerizedaxialtomography(CAT)shows

imagesofthebrainbypassingmultipleX-raybeamsthroughthebraintissue.CTorCATscansshowa

cross-sectionofthebrain.Thesescanscanbeusedtofindbraintumors.

MRIscans:Magneticresonanceimaging(MRI)usespowerfulmagnettocausetheatomsofthebrain

toshake.MRIsensorspickupthesignalsemitted(發(fā)出)fromthebrain'satomsandacomputer

interpretsthemasapicture.MRIsshowmoredetailthanCTorCATscanscan.Theyareespeciallyuseful

infindingbraintumorsthatgrowonthebackofthebrain,betweentheears.

PETscans:Positronemissiontomography(PET)isdifferentfromotherscansbecauseitshowshow

thebrainfunctions.Afteraperson'sbloodstreamisinjectedwithasmalldoseofglucose(葡萄糖),

whichiswhatgivesthebrainenergy,scannersaroundtheheaddetectwheretheglucosemoves.ThePET

scanshowswhichpartofthebrainusealotofglucose,whicharethemoreactiveparts.PETscansare

helpfulfordiagnosingstrokes,studyingmentalillness,andlearninghowthebrainprocesseslanguage.

(1)Howcandoctorsandscientistsunderstandthebrain'sreactiontoinjury,disease,ormentalillness?

A.Bycontrasting/comparingitwithnormalbrainactivities.

B.BypassingtheX-Raybeamsthroughthebraintissue.

C.Bypickingupthesignalsemittedfromthebrain'satoms.

D.Bybeinginjectedwithglucoseanddetectingwhereitmoves.

(2)Whichtwoscansmentionedarehelpfulfordiagnosingbraintumors?

A.CT/CATandPET.

B.MRIandPET.

C.CT/CATandMRI.

D.CTandCAT.

（3）Ifapersonsuffersfromdefectinspeaking,whichscanwilladoctorbemostlikelytosuggest?

A.CT/CAT.

B.MRI.

C.PET.

D.Anyoneofthem.

6、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬（C篇）第63?66題8分（每題2分）

Pluto—whichfamouslywasdegradedfroma"majorplanet1'in2006-capturedourimagination

becauseitwasamysterythatcouldcompleteourpictureofwhatitwaslikeatthemostremoteofoursolar

system.

Pluto'sunderdogdiscoverystoryispartofwhatmakesitsoappealing.ClydeTombaughwasa

Kansasfarmboywhobuilttelescopesoutofspareautoparts,oldfarmequipmentandself-groundlenses.

AsanassistantatLowellObservatoryinFlagstaff,Arizona,Tombaugh'staskwastosearchamong

millionsofstarsforamovingpointoflight,aplanetthattheobservatory'sfoundersthoughtexisted

beyondtheorbitofNeptune.Afteryears'efforts,Tombaughfinallyfoundit.Plutowasthefirstplanet

discoveredbyanAmerican,andrepresentedamomentoflightinthedarknessoftheGreatDepression.

Fordecades,Plutothrivedinitsroleastheninthmajorplanetofoursolarsystem,eventhoughitwas

tinycomparedtotheothersandsofaraway.

However,62yearsafteritsdiscovery,twoastronomersdiscoveredanotherplanet-likeobjectbeyond

theorbitofNeptune.Sixmonthslater,theydiscoveredathirdobject.ItlookedlikePlutomightactuallybe

amemberofasortofasteroidbelt,similartobutwaybeyondonewe'veknownaboutforalongtime

betweentheorbitsofMarsandJupiter.

Another14yearspassed,dozensmoreobjectsbeyondNeptunelikePlutohadbeendiscovered,sothe

InternationalAstronomicalUnionelectedtodegradetheplanet.Itnowsharesitsdwarfdesignationwith

threeofthe1,200bodiesthathavebeenlocatedbeyondNeptunetoday,collectivelyknownas"Kuiper

BeltObjects1'.

TheKuiperBeltispopulatedbyicybodiesthatareremnantofthesolarsystem'sformation.Theseare

thebuildingblocksofplanets.WenowalsoknowthesurfaceofPlutocontainsicescomposedofmethane,

nitrogen,andothercompoundsfamiliartous.Italsoseemstohaveabrightpolarcap,likeonearth.Its

atmosphereisverythin,butifscomposedlargelyofnitrogen,likeourown.

So,aswefinallygetwithin7,800milesofPlutotoday,wescientistsarehopingwecanfinally

understandhowthechaosatthebeginningofthesolarsystem,couldhavecreatedobjectssosimilarand

yetsoforeignasEarthandPluto.Plutoismuchmorethansomethingthatisnotaplanet.Itsareminder

thattherearemanyworldsouttherebeyondourown—thattheskyisn'tthelimitatall.Wedon'tknow

whatkindsoffantasticvariationsonathemenatureiscapableofmakinguntilwegetouttheretolook.

(1)PlutowasdiscoveredbyClydeTombaughin.

A.1930

B.1939

C.1992

D.2006

(2)NowtheofficialdesignationofPlutois.

A.AsteroidBelt

B.KuiperBelt

C.MajorPlanet

D.DwarfPlanet

(3)PlutoandEartharetosomeextentsimilarfor.

A.bothofthemarepopulatedbyicybodiesthatareremnantsofthesolarsystem's

formation4.6billionyearsago

B.theatmosphereofeitherofthemismainlymadeupofnitrogen

C.thereareicesthroughoutthesurfaceofboth

D.bothofthemhavebrightpolarcapsonthenorthpoleaswellasthesouthpole

(4)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Thereareninemajorplanetsinthesolarsystem.

B.ThereisanasteroidbeltbetweentheorbitsofMarsandJupiter.

C.Plutonowsharesitsdesignationwith1,200bodiesthathavebeenbeyondNeptune.

D.ClydeTombaughdiscoveredPlutowiththetelescopemadeupofspareautoparts,

oldequipmentandself-groundlenses.

五、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話（本大題共4小題，每小題2分，共8分）

7、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬（進(jìn)階卷-優(yōu)化模擬一）第67~70題8分（每題2分）

Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreat

conquerorsandgenerals,whilethepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennever

mentioned.Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,orlaunchedaseagoingboat,orcalculatedthe

lengthoftheyearbutweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.Peoplethinksomuchofthemthaton

allthehighestpillarsinthegreatcitiesoftheworldyouwillfindthefigureofaconquerorora

general.__________1__________

Itispossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.Animalsfight,sodosavages;sotobegood

atfightingistobegoodinthewayananimalorasavageisgood,butitisnottobe

civilized.2Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,and

civilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewaysofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbyseeingwhich

sidecankilloffgreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthesidewhichhaskilledmosthas

won.3Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanspowerisright.

Thisiswhatthestoryofmankindhasbeenlike.Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,therace

ofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Fromthepointofviewofevolution,humanbeingsareveryyoungindeed,

babiesofafewmonthsold.Scientistsassumethattherehasbeenlifeofsomesortontheearthfbrabout

twelvehundredmillionyears;buttherehavebeenmenforonlyonemillionyears,andtherehasbeen

civilizedmenforabouteightthousandyears.

4Takingman'scivilizedpastataboutsevenoreighthours,wemay

estimatehisfutureataboutonehundredthousandyears.Thusmankindisonlyatthebeginningofits

wholeaprettybeastlybusiness,abusinessoffightingandkilling.Wemustnotexpectevencivilized

peoplesnottohavedonethesethings.Allwecanaskisthattheywillsometimeshavedonesomethingelse.

A.Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherstofightmostefficientlyisnotbeingcivilized.

B.Mostpeoplebelievethosewhohaveconqueredthemostnationsarethegreatest.

C.However,everyyearconflictsbetweencountriesandnationsstillclaimthousands

oflives.

D.Andnotonlyhasitwon,butalsobecauseithaswon,ithasbeenintheright.

E.Sotherehasbeenlittletimetolearn,buttherewillbeoceansoftimeinwhich

tolearnbetter.

F.Peopledon'tfightandkilleachotherinthestreets,butnationsstillbehave

likesavages.

六、任務(wù)型閱讀（本大題共I小題，共10分）

8、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬（進(jìn)階卷-優(yōu)化模擬一）第71題10分

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinno

morethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

TheInternationalLaborOrganization（ILO）predictsglobalunemploymentwillworsenoverthenext

twoyears.Emerginganddevelopingcountrieswillbehurtthemost.Thisisaccordingtoanannualstudy

releasedbytheILOcalled''WorldEmploymentandSocialOutlook一Trends2016".TheILOfoundthat

nearly200millionpeoplewereunemployedattheendoflastyear.Thiswasnearly30millionmorethan

in2007,beforetheworldfinancialcrisis.

TheglobalfinancialcrisisstartedintheUnitedStateswithbankfailures,defaultsonhomemortgages,

andcreditcardpayments.Manylayoffsfollowed.Itspreadglobally."Thecrisisaffectedalmosteverypart

oftheworld,"accordingtoYaleGlobalOnline,apublicationofYaleUniversity.TheILOpredictsthat

morethan2millionmorepeoplewillbeoutofworkbytheendofthisyear.Thatwillmean200.5million

unemployedworldwidebytheendof2016.GuyRyderisILODirector-Generalattheirheadquartersin

Geneva,Switzerland.Hesaystheslowgrowthoftheworldeconomyisnotcreatingenoughjobstoreverse

theincreaseinhighunemploymentintheworld.Brazilandtheoil-producingcountrieswillbeparticularly

hard-hitbytheweakenedjobmarket,accordingtoRyder.

Thereportsaysjobqualityremainsamajorchallenge.About1.5billionpeopleareworkingin

vulnerablejobs,accordingtothereportThisincludespeoplewhoareself-employedorwhoworkinthe

informalsector.Thistypeofworkusuallyhaslowproductivity,lowpay,andnosocialprotection.The

LLOfoundthatcountriesinsouthernAsiaandsub-SaharanAfricahavethehighestlevelsofvulnerable

employment,peakingat74percentand70percent,respectively.Thereportsaysgovernmentsmustmake

employmentpoliciesstrongerandputinplaceprotectionsforworkers.Theysaymoreattentionneedsto

bepaidtohelpingpeoplefinddecentwork.Thisincludesyoungpeople,women,thelong-term

unemployed,andthedisabled.

七、翻譯句子（本大題共4小題，每小題3.75分，共15分）

9、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬（進(jìn)階卷-優(yōu)化模擬一）第72題3.75分

翻譯

你知道如何給別人留下美好的印象嗎？(leave)

10、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬（進(jìn)階卷-優(yōu)化模擬一）第73題3.75分

翻譯

直到那時(shí)，我才意識(shí)到我也許是最后知道這件事的人。（Notuntil…）

11、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬（進(jìn)階卷-優(yōu)化模擬一）第74題3.75分

翻譯

我們決不忘記那些在困難的時(shí)候曾經(jīng)幫助過(guò)我們的同學(xué)和老師們。（trouble）

12、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬（進(jìn)階卷-優(yōu)化模擬一）第75題3.75分

翻譯

在西方國(guó)家，大學(xué)入學(xué)比較容易，畢業(yè)卻好難，這也許是相當(dāng)多的學(xué)生中途輟學(xué)的主要原因。

（easy）

八、書(shū)面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25分）

13、【來(lái)源】2021年上海高三高考模擬（進(jìn)階卷-優(yōu)化模擬一）第76題25分

Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowin

Chinese.

Whydon*tyoudrinkwaterasthe

booktoldus?

請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要描述圖片內(nèi)容，并聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際談?wù)勀愕母邢搿?/p>

相關(guān)詞匯：crow（烏鴉）

1、［答案］aremistaken;admitted;havingmoved;lhat;wh