從句重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯——從句重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)一．定語從句

1.只能用that,而不能用which的狀況1）當(dāng)定語從句修飾的先行詞是：

all,any,every,few,afew,only,no,some,very,something,anything,nothing,little,much

等不定代詞或先行詞被上述不定代詞修飾時(shí)，連接詞只能用that；Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.

2）率先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)，其后的關(guān)系代詞要用thatJackisthebeststudentthatIhaveevertaught.3)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時(shí)HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.4)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)用that

Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool

2.that可用于表示“方式〞、“時(shí)間〞、“地點(diǎn)〞的詞語后取代“when〞、“where〞、“inwhich〞等也常省略

看看湯姆處理工作的方式。

Lookattheway(that/inwhich)Tomtackledthejob.不幸的是，我們跨越海峽的那天海上波濤洶涌

Theseawas,unfortunately,veryroughtheday(that/when/onwhich)wecrossedthechannel.

這是我父親住了30年的房子。

Thisisthehouse(where/inwhich/that)myfatherlivedforthirtyyears.

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3.介詞后不能跟“that〞，在某些固定短語中介詞不應(yīng)與短語分開而前置listento;lookat;lookfor;payattentionto;takecareof

Yourinefficiency,whichwehaveputupwithfartoolong,isbeginningtoannoyourcustomers.（putupwith為短語動(dòng)詞，with不能前置。）這是我跟你說到的那本書。HereisthebookthatItoldyouabout.

不可使用：HereisthebookaboutthatItoldyou.由于that前不能加介詞。）4.名詞或數(shù)詞+of+which/whom表示部分與整體的關(guān)系

Therearemanyformsofenergy,oneofwhichisatomicenergy.（which的先行詞是manyformsof…）

Thebook,thecoverofwhichisgray,ismine.（which的先行詞是thebook）5.but作關(guān)系代詞

“but〞用做關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，作“who/that…not…〞或“which…not…〞解，用在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中通過雙重否定達(dá)到猛烈確定的修辭效果凡是規(guī)則皆有例外。

Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.

=Thereisnorulethatdoesnothaveexceptions.即：Everyrulehasexceptions.Moreexamples:

Notadaywentbybutbroughtusbadnewsatthatdifficulttime.=Notadaywentbywhichdidnotbringusbadnewsatthatdifficulttime.Therearefewofusbutadmireyouraccomplishments.=

Therearefewofuswho/thatdonotadmireyouraccomplishments.

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6.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的省略

1)在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的定語從句中，用作主語的關(guān)系代詞that/who/which可以省略，thereis或therehaseverbeen等結(jié)構(gòu)尋常在定語從句中有“目前有的，曾經(jīng)有的〞之意。

e.g.Henrywastheonlyperson(that)therewastowitnessthecaraccident.Thiscarisprobablefasterthananyofitskind(that)therehaseverbeen.2)率先行詞是reason且關(guān)系代詞在句中作原因狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞why可以省略e.g.Thatisthereason(why)Ilikehersomuch.

3).率先行詞是way且關(guān)系代詞在句中作方式狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞inwhich或that可以省略。

e.g.Thatwastheway(inwhich)hefoundoutthesolutiontothisproblem.7.what用作關(guān)系代詞

“what+名詞〞相當(dāng)于“allthe+名詞+that〞e.g.IhavegivenyouwhathelpIcan.=IhavegivenyouallthehelpthatIcan.

Shesavedwhatlittlemoneysheearnedtohelpthisoldlady.=Shesavedallthelittlemoneythatsheearnedtohelpthisoldlady.

8.先行詞為表示“狀況〞的名詞時(shí)（situation,conditions,instance等），定語從句用where引導(dǎo)：

e.g.Thisisasituationwherehecanstillremaincalm.二．狀語從句1.時(shí)間狀語從句

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1)when,as,while比較

“when〞可指一段時(shí)間，也可指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，可表示短暫性動(dòng)作，也可表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作

“as〞表示動(dòng)作與主句同時(shí)發(fā)生，與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，意為“隨著…〞“while〞只能表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

e.g.WhenIcamehome,Ihandedmymotherapaperbag.（表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。）

AsIleftthehouseIforgotthekey.（表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，持續(xù)時(shí)間較短。）Tombrokeaglasswhileshewaswashingup.（兩動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句動(dòng)作比主句動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長。）2)till,until,notuntil比較

until比till更具有強(qiáng)調(diào)意味，故用于句首時(shí)尋常用“until〞而不用“till〞主句為確定式，則謂語動(dòng)詞是表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，意為“一直到…為止〞主句為否定句，則謂語動(dòng)詞表示非延續(xù)性動(dòng)作，意為“直到…才…〞notuntil放在句首時(shí)，主句的主語和謂語要倒裝，表示加強(qiáng)語氣Notuntilpeoplelosefriendshipdotheyknowitsvalue.notuntil常用于

“Itwasnotuntil…that…〞的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)

ItwasnotuntilIhadinvestigatedthematterthatIhadsomeideaofit.3)nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely,barely)…when主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用過去時(shí)連接詞放在句首，則主謂部分倒裝

Shehadnosoonerwalkedoutoftheclassroomthansherealizedhermistake.（不用

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倒裝）

Hardly(barely/scarcely)hadthewordsbeenspokenwhenherealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.

話剛一出口，他就意識(shí)到自己本應(yīng)當(dāng)保持默然。

Nosoonerhadshewalkedoutoftheclassroomthansherealizedhermistake.她剛一步出教室就意識(shí)到了自己的錯(cuò)誤。4)“一??就??〞的不同表達(dá)方式“themoment/minute/second/instant/day〞“…的那一刻／分／秒／天就…〞

JackstoppedtalkingthemomentheheardTom’svoiceatthedoor.一聽到門外湯姆的聲音，杰克就中止了談話。

Youseethelightningtheinstantithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.你會(huì)在閃電發(fā)生的那一刻就看見它，而要過一會(huì)兒才能聽到雷聲。幾種不常用的表達(dá)舉例：

Theywentintoactiondirectly/immediately/instantly/presentlytheyheardthealarm.(inBritishEnglish)

5)幾種需用完成時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句：bythetime;itisthefirst/secondtime…;hardly…when/before;scarcely…when/before;nosooner…than