c語(yǔ)言上機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)12

實(shí)驗(yàn)十二文件的操作（二）一．實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康恼莆瘴募羔樀幕靖拍钆c定義方法；掌握對(duì)文件進(jìn)行讀寫、定位等的操作方法。二．實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境硬件：PII以上計(jì)算機(jī)；軟件：Windows、VisualC++6.0；其它：一張軟盤或者U盤等可移動(dòng)的存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備。三．實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容練習(xí)1．有5個(gè)學(xué)生，每個(gè)學(xué)生的數(shù)據(jù)包括學(xué)號(hào)、姓名、三門課的成績(jī)，從鍵盤輸入5個(gè)學(xué)生的數(shù)據(jù)，要求：⑴將讀入的數(shù)據(jù)存入磁盤文件“stu.txt”中；⑵從磁盤文件“stu.txt”中讀出并顯示所有學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)；⑶將指定課程、指定分?jǐn)?shù)段范圍內(nèi)的學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)另存入磁盤文件“range.txt”中；⑷從磁盤文件“range.txt”中讀出并顯示學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)。⑸用記事本打開磁盤文件“stu.txt”和“range.txt”驗(yàn)證其內(nèi)容。要求：使用fscanf和fprintf函數(shù)。運(yùn)行結(jié)果示例：程序主框架：#include"stdlib.h"#include"iostream.h"#include"stdio.h"#defineFORMAT"%d%s%d%d%d"http://定義格式控制符#defineN5structstudent{ intnum; charname[20]; intscore[3];}stu[N];voidinput(chara[])//a用于接收要寫入數(shù)據(jù)的文件名{}voidoutput(chara[],intsn)//sn用于接收要輸出文件中的學(xué)生人數(shù){}intselect(chara[],charb[])//函數(shù)返回值為挑選出來(lái)的學(xué)生人數(shù){}voidmain(){ intsn; input("stu.txt"); output("stu.txt",N); sn=select("stu.txt","range.txt"); output("range.txt",sn);}答案1.#include<stdlib.h>#include<iostream.h>#include<stdio.h>#defineFORMAT"%d%s%d%d%d"#defineN5structstudent{intnum;charname[20];intscore[3];}stu[N];voidinput(chara[]){FILE*fp1;inti;if((fp1=fopen(a,"w"))==NULL){cout<<"cannotopenfile"<<endl;exit(0);}cout<<"輸入學(xué)生的數(shù)據(jù):"<<endl;for(i=0;i<N;i++){ cin>>stu[i].num>>stu[i].name>>stu[i].score[0]>>stu[i].score[1]>>stu[i].score[2];fprintf(fp1,FORMAT,stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].score[0],stu[i].score[1],stu[i].score[2]); fprintf(fp1,"%c","\n");}fclose(fp1);}voidoutput(chara[],intsn){FILE*fp1;inti;if((fp1=fopen(a,"r"))==NULL){cout<<"cannotopenfile"<<endl;exit(0);}cout<<endl<<"輸出學(xué)生的數(shù)據(jù):"<<endl;for(i=0;i<sn;i++){fscanf(fp1,FORMAT,&stu[i].num,&stu[i].name,&stu[i].score[0],&stu[i].score[1],&stu[i].score[2]);cout<<stu[i].num<<""<<stu[i].name<<""<<stu[i].score[0]<<""<<stu[i].score[1]<<""<<stu[i].score[2];cout<<endl;}cout<<endl;fclose(fp1);}intselect(chara[],charb[]){intx,y,z,i,n=0;FILE*fp1,*fp2;cout<<"輸入課程號(hào)(1-3):";cin>>x;cout<<"輸入分?jǐn)?shù)段(XX-YY):";cin>>y>>z;if((fp1=fopen(a,"r"))==NULL){cout<<"cannotopenfile"<<endl;exit(0);}if((fp2=fopen(b,"w"))==NULL){cout<<"cannotopenfile"<<endl;exit(0);}for(i=0;i<N;i++){ if(stu[i].score[x-1]>y&&stu[i].score[x-1]<z) { fscanf(fp1,FORMAT,&stu[i].num,&stu[i].name,&stu[i].score[0],&stu[i].score[1],&stu[i].score[2]);fprintf(fp2,FORMAT,stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].score[0],stu[i].score[1],stu[i].score[2]);fprintf(fp2,"%c","\n");n++; }}fclose(fp1);fclose(fp2);return