江蘇省2020屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：完形填空設(shè)空技巧課件（共49張PPT）

高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)完形填空設(shè)空技巧完型填空是高考卷中綜合性很強(qiáng)的考題，也是試卷中區(qū)分度較高的題目。很多同學(xué)對做完型有些恐懼感。了解完型填空的設(shè)空方式會有利于同學(xué)們掌握命題思路，從源頭上克服對完形填空的神秘感和恐懼感，進(jìn)而發(fā)揮主觀能動性，從容淡定地完成測試。一、前置性設(shè)空二、后置性設(shè)空三、語篇性設(shè)空前置性設(shè)空指設(shè)空的答案由已讀過的上文決定，后置性設(shè)空指設(shè)空的答案由未讀過的下文決定，需要綜合上下文而定的答案則為語篇性設(shè)空。一般來說，設(shè)空的難度，從前置性到后置性，再到語篇性，依次遞增。[典例賞析][語篇導(dǎo)讀](2019年江蘇卷

)夾敘夾議類文章。語篇主要內(nèi)容是：在現(xiàn)代，野生動物的生存受到了威脅，珍稀物種逐漸消失，科學(xué)家們正在盡最大努力來避免物種滅絕。Chris和Tim通過努力，幫助一只名叫Emma的雌鶴繁殖了五只幼鶴。Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.Therearespecies

thatare

36

everyday.Thewhite-napedcraneisatypicalexample.36.A.growingB.migratingC.competing D.disappearing

前置性設(shè)空.Thewhite-napedcraneisatypicalexample.Soscientistsaretryingtheirbestto

37

thespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence.37.A.banB.saveC.split D.remove前置性設(shè)空.ChrisandTimworkatazoo,helpingendangeredcraneswiththeir

38

.Emma,afemalecrane,hasbeenintheir

39

sinceshearrivedin2004.

38.A.abortion

B.recreation

C.reproduction

D.administration

39.A.careB.eyeC.mindD.story38.語篇性設(shè)空39.后置性設(shè)空Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawas

40

byhumancaretakers.Thisledtoanunexpected

41

,thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.40.A.found

B.chosen C.raised

D.seized41.A.bonus B.consequence

C.victory

D.sacrifice40.41均為后置性設(shè)空.Emmahad

42

takenherselfasacraneandbecomedeeplyattachedtohumans.42.A.neverB.always

C.unluckilyD.cheerfully

后置性設(shè)空She

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tolivewithmalecranes,andevenhada

44

forkillingsomeofthem,whichmadeit

45

forhertobecomeamother.43.A.liked

B.refusedC.decidedD.hesitated44.A.gift

B.skillC.concernD.reputation45.A.illegal B.inspiring

C.importantD.impossible43.前置性設(shè)空44.后置性設(shè)空45.前置性設(shè)空

46

,thetwozookeepersdidn’twanttoseetheextinction（滅絕）ofthispreciousspecies.46.A.Therefore

B.Moreover

C.HoweverD.Instead語篇性設(shè)空,考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系.Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopeda

47

ofartificialbreeding（人工繁殖）andnaturalreproduction.47.A.combination

B.collection

C.strategy D.system從下文thisenabledEmmatogivebirthto…再結(jié)合常識，后置性設(shè)空This

48

Emmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.48.A.forced

B.forbade

C.taught

D.enabled前置性設(shè)空Thetwokeepersareproudoftheirproductivework.Butbeforetheycanbe

49

,moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisonthe

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,andmanyotherspeciesappearheadedtowardextinction.49.A.defeated

B.grateful C.assured

D.tolerant50.A.listB.riseC.agendaD.decline49.后置性設(shè)空50.前置性設(shè)空51

,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.51.A.Incontrast

B.Afterall

C.Bytheway

D.Onthecontrary根據(jù)上下文語篇理解，該句是對前文出現(xiàn)野生動物瀕臨滅絕原因的一種解釋。語篇性設(shè)空。Howcanwe

52

theever-wideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?52.A.leave

B.bridge

C.open D.identify語篇性設(shè)空。針對上文提到的很多物種滅絕這種現(xiàn)象，作者提出一個問題：我們?nèi)绾蝸硐龑⑷祟惡蛣游锔糸_的不斷擴(kuò)大的鴻溝呢？ChrisandTimofferedusthe

53

:humanbeingstookitforgrantedthat…53.A.course

B.excuse

C.answerD.reward

給出前面問題的答案，典型的前置性設(shè)空?！璽heir

54

heldallthesolutions,butmaybetheirheartscanbeabetter

55

.54.A.brains B.behaviors

C.serviceD.projects55.A.guide

B.treatC.exampleD.companion54.后置性設(shè)空55.語篇性設(shè)空完形填空前置性設(shè)空后置性設(shè)空語篇性設(shè)空2019年江蘇卷785模擬操練前置性設(shè)空1.Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege，Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I

41

theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn‘twantto

42

afewdollars?(2018全國卷I）41.A.putforwardB.jumpedat

C.triedoutD.turneddown42.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay2.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which

45

Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's

46

.Icouldhardlywaitto47

him.45.A.urged

B.demandedC.held

D.meant

46.A.fastestB.easiest

C.best

D.rarest

47.A.interview

B.meet

C.challengeD.beat

（2019浙江卷）Asyoucan40(imagine),thetripisnopieceofcake.Whilerestaurants41(threwaway)tonsoffoodeachyear,muchofitremainsinaccessiblebecauseof42garbagecontainers,healthregulationsorbusinesspolicies.42.A.lockedB.damaged

C.connectedD.abandoned.3.WhenvisitingAlzheimer’swardsI’moftensurprisedtohearpeoplewhocannotevenremembertheirlovedonessingoldsongstheylearnedaschildren.They1everystepinspecificdancesandswayin

a2(comfortable)waywhenminutesagoevenjustwalkingwasaproblemforthem.1.A.rememberB.traceC.takeD.learn4.Everyweek,IknewIwasgoingtogetacardfrommymom,anditdidn’tmatterhow1(short)thenotewasorwhatgracedtheoutsideofthecardbutwhat2wasthatIknewwithoutdoubtshewasthinkingofme.Someoneoutthereinthebig,crazyworldhadn’t3aboutme.2.A.changedB.mattered

C.lastedD.functioned3.A.caredB.talkedC.forgottenD.worried5.Beingaloneinouterspacecanbefrightening.Thatisonereasonwhyastronautsonsolospaceflightsweregivenplentyofworktokeepthem1.1.A.tiredB.asleepC.consciousD.busy歸類總結(jié)完形填空中前置性設(shè)題通常難度較低，在選擇答案時，同學(xué)們要特別注意上文（同一句子中或相鄰不遠(yuǎn)的句子中）出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞句的提示。模擬操練后置性設(shè)空1.（2019北京）Wilsonisthereto24them.Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities,Wilsonwilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat’sneeded.24.A.assistB.watchC.urgeD.warn2.Wehaveallbecome3membersofsociety:reporters,lawyers,doctorsandteachers.Guesswhat!Everymemberofmyfamilyisa4andthisyearmarksthe73rdyearwehavetaught.3.A.contributingB.consumingC.leadingD.surrounding4.A.lawyerB.teacherC.doctorD.reporter3.Igraduatedin1997.WhenHoover,mydramateacher,was3in2004,Ididn’twanthertofeellikeshewasendingherlife4(alone),soIsenthermanypackages,includingDramaClubyearbookphotosfromeachyear.3.A.dyingB.retiringC.actingD.working4.Snowywasnervous,butshegaveita12(try)andfoundthatshecoulddoit.Astheweeksandmonths13,Snowyprogressedtotallerobstacles,until14,sheenteredthearenaandlookedatthetallestobstaclesthathermumcouldjumpovereasily.13.A.passedonB.wentthrough

C.endedupD.wenton14.A.eventuallyB.continually

C.accidentallyD.fortunately5.MomandSistertookturnsattellingonmeforhavingmade4,sohewouldbeatmelike5,leavingmyarmsalotofbruises.4.A.messB.lifeC.troubleD.noise5.A.somethingB.somebody

C.anybodyD.anything歸類總結(jié)后置性設(shè)題是完型填空設(shè)空中占比較高的，難度也通常較前置性設(shè)題大些。遇到此類設(shè)空時，同學(xué)們一定要有耐心，無法確定答案時，可先放下該空，繼續(xù)閱讀有關(guān)語段，甚至整個語篇，查找相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)，然后細(xì)讀，準(zhǔn)確理解句意，選擇符合語境的答案。模擬操練語篇性設(shè)空.(2018北京卷）文章大意：流浪漢TomSmith發(fā)現(xiàn)一輛車窗開著的汽車前座上有一個錢包。Tom冒雨等了數(shù)個小時，在查找不到車主身份的情況下將錢包交到了警察局。錢包的主人Mr.Anderson在得知一切后，將Tom的善舉發(fā)布到了Facebook上。Tom的行為引發(fā)了人們的好評和幫助。1.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing35.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.(2018北京卷）35.A.

lesson

B.

adventure

C.

chance

D.

challenge(2019浙江卷）文章大意：法國人迪邦謝正在騎自行車穿越歐洲，而他一路上只吃被丟棄的食物，以此提高人們對食物浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識。2.Heaimsto55hisjourneybymid-July.Withanyluck,he’llturnafewmoreheadsintheprocess.

(2019浙江卷)55.A.arrangeB.restartC.reportD.finish

本文上文介紹了主人公在1,900英里的奇行中只吃被丟棄的食物，以此提高公眾對食物浪費(fèi)問題的注意，再根據(jù)下文he’ll…可知答案為D。3.IplayedaracquetballgameagainstmycousinEdlastweek.Itwasoneofthemost__36__andtiringgamesI’veeverhad．WhenEdfirstphonedand__37__（suggested）

weplay,Ilaughedquietly,figuringonan__38__(easy)victory….（文章開篇）36.A.encouragingB.hopelessC.surprisingD.regular

Whenthegamefinallyended,bothofuswerelyingflatonourbacks,tootiredto__54__(move).Inaway,Ithinkwebothwon:Ithegame,butcousinEdmy__55__(respect).（文章結(jié)尾）IplayedaracquetballgameagainstmycousinEdlastweek.Itwasoneofthemost__36__andtiringgames典型的語篇性設(shè)空。全文第一句第一空的答案需在讀完全文最后一段才能確定。一開始作者覺得此次比賽很輕松就能贏，但后來發(fā)現(xiàn)他的堂弟進(jìn)步很大，他預(yù)計(jì)的得分與實(shí)際得分相差甚遠(yuǎn)時，才能推斷出這場比賽的結(jié)果是出人意料的，答案是surprising.4.（2018天津）Nooneisabornwinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirown16….（文章開篇）Winnersaremade,notborn.（文章結(jié)尾句）A.luckB.testsC.effortsD.nature解析：根據(jù)文章第一句及文章最后一句可以推斷，此處表示沒有人是天生的贏家，要通過努力才能使自己成為贏家。efforts符合題意。（2018天津）Insteadofseeingmyboysaslo