定語從句-高中英語

TheAttributiveClause

定語從句1ProverbsHe

wholaughslastlaughsbest.Alliswellthatendswell.Friendshipislikehealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknown

untilitislost.誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。結(jié)局好，一切都好。真正的友誼猶如健康的身體，失去時方知其可貴。2Findtherule:

Thekindsofattribute(定語):1.Heisan

honestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.5.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.修飾,限定3

Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定語的位置）1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.（單個的詞作定語時要放于被修飾詞的前面，短語或從句作定語時要放于被修飾詞的后面。）4Studytherule:

AttributiveClause（定語從句）在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句HeisanEnglishteacher

wholikessingingsongs.定語從句先行詞引導(dǎo)詞（關(guān)系詞）引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose關(guān)系副詞:where﹑when﹑why5把下列句子分成兩層意思:Thenumberofpeople

whowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.1Thenumberofpeoplereachedmorethan400,000.2Anumberofpeoplewerekilledorinjured.

6{

Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.把兩個句子合成一個復(fù)合句

1Thewomanisateacher.2Thewomanlivesnextdoor.7Practice:

1.TheboysarefromGradeone.

Theboysareplayingbasketball.TheboysarefromGradeOne.who/thatareplayingbasketballTheboyswho/thatarefromGradeoneareplayingbasketball.82.Thenurseiskind.

Thenurselooksaftermysister.Thenurseiskind.who/thatlooksaftermysister3.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”.TheplaywaswrittenbyLaoShe.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”which/thatwaswrittenbyLaoShe.95.Thisisthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.Thisisthehouse

which/thatLuXunoncelivedin.6.Whereisthegirl?YoutalkedwithherlastSunday.Whereisthegirl

who/whom/thatyoutalkedwithlastSunday?

10that引導(dǎo)的定語從句a.Hereisthemoneythat/whichwillbegiventoyou.b.Doyoulikethebook(that/which)youborrowedyesterday?

that

人或物主語

賓語

表語

不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，不位于介詞后。11

關(guān)系代詞的選擇

a.What’sthenameofthegirl

who

justcamein?b.Doyouknowthestudentto

whom

Janeistalking?(不能用who)who指人作主語/賓語（可省略）介詞在前不可使用whom指人賓語（可省略）介詞后不可省略12Which引導(dǎo)的定語從句Thebuildingwhich

/thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.

which

指物主語或

賓語（可省略)在介詞后不可省略Theroominwhichtherearealotofbooksisareadingroom.13關(guān)系代詞whose的用法

Whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，用作名詞的限定語，whose指人或物，在從句中作定語。Heisanexcellentteacher,{whosedaughterstudiesabroad.

thedaughter

of

whom

studiesabroad.

Haveyouseenadictionarywhosecoverisblue?whose經(jīng)常后接名詞，這結(jié)構(gòu)可以用the+名詞＋of+whom/which來替換，意義不變。14Whichhouseismine?房頂是棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.whoseroofisbrowntheroofofwhichisbrownMyhouse15Haveatry指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.

主語賓語定語賓語16Haveatry5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.6.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.定語

賓語171.引導(dǎo)定語從句。2.代替先行詞。3.在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。引導(dǎo)詞3個作用：18例1.Theman__________gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主語)19例2:Theboy_________________thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(賓語,可省略)20例3:Thecar________________isredwasdamagedyesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主語)21例4:Thequestion_______________Idon’tunderstandisaboutgrammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(賓語,可省略)22例5.

Yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman____husbanddiedinthataccident.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.thatB關(guān)系代詞表示先行詞的所屬關(guān)系，指人和物時都用whose,可理解為“…的”23二.when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語從句where表示地點(diǎn)，只能跟在表地點(diǎn)或場合的名詞后注意：where不在從句中作主語或賓語Whatisthenameofthetownwherewestayedlastnight?Thinkofaplacewherewecangofordinner.Pleaseleavethebookattheplacewhereitwas.Pleaseleavethebookwhereitwas.地點(diǎn)狀語從句242.when表示時間，只能跟在表時間的名詞后

Tellmethetimewhenthetrainleaves.July,when(=inwhich)wecangohomeforarest,iscomingsoon.Iwillneverforgetthedays(that/which)Ispentwithyourfamily.WecangohomeforarestinJuly.Julyiscomingsoon.that在從句中充當(dāng)spent的賓語成分253.why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引導(dǎo)定語從句Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hecried.Theteacherwassurprisedatthereason(that/which)heexplainedforbeinglate.that在從句中充當(dāng)explain的賓語成分Thisiswhyhecried.

表語從句26三.介詞+關(guān)系代詞which\whom引導(dǎo)的從句ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowisourheadmaster.ThisistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.ThisisthepenwhichIamlookingfor.27介詞+which和介詞＋whom1.Thefarm

weworkedtenyearsagoisn’twhatitusedtobe.2.Heistheman

youcanturnforhelp.3.Thisisthetree

weusedtoplaygames.onwhichtowhomunderwhich284.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_______________wecan’tlive.5.Thestudent___________weweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.6.I’llneverforgettheday__________shesaidgoodbyetome.7.Whocangivemethereason________hehasn’tturnedupyet?withoutwhichaboutwhomonwhichforwhich29四.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句1.Heisrude,whichmakeshimselfkeepadistancefromothers.ThisisthebookwhichIreadyesterday.（１）限制性定語從句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分，與先行詞無逗號；（２）非限制性定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明作用，省去后不影響主句的意思，常用逗號與主句隔開．e.g.Thosewhocutdownthetreesshouldbepunished.ThisbookwasleftbyJohn,whowashereamomentago.30１.ItwasheardinBeijing,whichisonehundredkilometresaway.２.Butonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wenttobedasusualthatnight.３.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.非限制性定從非限制性定從限制性定從31限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式上不用逗號和主句隔開用逗號隔開意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，不能刪除是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，刪除后意思仍完整譯法上翻譯成先行詞的定語，“…的…”通常翻譯成主句的并列句關(guān)系詞的使用A．做賓語時可省略B．可用thatA．不可省B。不用that32關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時，要注意幾點(diǎn)：（1）Whom,which作介詞賓語時，介詞一般可以放在它們的前面，也可以放在從句原來的位置上，但是含有介詞的動詞固定詞組中，介詞應(yīng)該放在原來的位置上。

{

Thereisaroom

inwhich

youcanstudy.which

youstudy

in.Roseisthestudentwhomyoushouldlookafter/takecareof.33①.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時，如：all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,theone等。

⑵.只用that不用which的情況：Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

Thereisnodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.②.先行詞前有theonly,few,oneof,little,no,all,every,very等詞修飾時。34③.先行詞被序數(shù)詞first,last,next等或形容詞的最高級修飾時。ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninEnglish.④.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandtheschools(that)theyhadvisited.⑤.當(dāng)先行詞是系動詞be后面的表語時。Chinaisn’tthecountry

thatsheusedtobe50yearsago.35⑥當(dāng)主句時以who,which,或what開頭的特殊疑問句時。Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?Whatdidyouhearthatmadeyousoangry？⑦therebe句型中Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.36(3).只用which不用that的情況

①先行詞在非限制性定語從句中充

當(dāng)主語或賓語。Hismoneywasstolenbyathief,whichmadehimverysad.②.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。Thisisthefactoryinwhichmymotherworks.③.當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時。

What’sthatwhichflashedinthesky

justnow?

37(5).關(guān)系代詞who,which,that,在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須必須和先行詞保持一致。Anyonewho__over20canjointhearmy.I,who____

yourfriend,willhelpyou.isam

38應(yīng)用定語從句易犯的小錯誤一、在定語從句中加了多余的成分。誤：SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome．正：SomeoftheboysIinviteddidn’tcome．譯：我邀請的男孩中有幾個沒有來。析：應(yīng)刪去them，因?yàn)閺木涞馁e語是省略了的whom，who或that。39二、把定語從句謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)弄錯。

誤：Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished．正：Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished．譯：任何違犯法律的人將被處罰。析：應(yīng)改break為breaks，因?yàn)閣ho指anyone，是單數(shù)。40三、誤省略了定語從句中作主語的關(guān)系代詞。誤：Thekeyopensthebikeismissing．正：Thekeythat／whichopensthebikeismissing．譯：開這輛自行車的鑰匙不見了。析：應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞that或which，因?yàn)閺木渖僦髡Z，且主語不能省略。41四、定語從句中加了多余的關(guān)系副詞或介詞。誤：Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing．正：Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing．或：Thehouse(that/which)helivesinneedsrepairing．或：Thehouseinwhichhelivesneedsrepairing.譯：他住的房子需要修理。42五、在作先行詞的時間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞后錯用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。

誤：Istillrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether．正：Istillremembertheday(that／which)wespenttogether．譯：我仍記得我們在一起度過的日子。析：應(yīng)改when為that或which，因?yàn)閺木渲兄^語動詞spent是及物動詞，其后應(yīng)跟賓語而不是時間狀語。

43六、在先行詞reason后錯用關(guān)系副詞why。

誤：Haveyouaskedherforthereasonwhymayexplainherabsence？正：Haveyouaskedherforthereasonthat／whichmayexplainherabsence？譯：你是否向他問過可以解釋他缺席的原因？析：應(yīng)改why為that或which，因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句缺少主語，而不是少原因狀語。44七、誤將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型當(dāng)定語從句。

誤：Itwasinthekitchenwherethefirebrokeout．正：Itwasinthekitchenthatthefirebrokeout．譯：大火發(fā)生在廚房。析：應(yīng)將where改that，因?yàn)樵溥€原為Thefirebrokeoutinthekitchen后，在語法和句意上均成立，故此題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，而非定語從句。45PRACTICE改正下列句子中的錯誤。Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary．Thosewhohasfinishedtheworkmaygohome．HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool．Thisisoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow．Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth．IstillrememberthedayonwhenIfirstcametoBeijing．Thisisthehousewherewelivedinlastyear．Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate．Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnightwhenyoudidn’tcome？\haveknowsarewho/thatwhen/onwhichwhich/thatthat/whichthat強(qiáng)調(diào)句46關(guān)系代詞用法關(guān)系代詞指代

在從句中的作用

that

which

who

whom

whose(=ofwhich)人／物

主／賓主／賓主／賓賓定

人

人人／物物

Summary47關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞指代在從句中的作用when(=at/in/on/duringwhich)

where(=in/atwhich)why(=forwhich)

時間時間狀語地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語原因原因狀語48Practice1.Theman______________istalkingtomeisafriendofmyfather’s.2.Theschool__________________isfamousherehasalonghistory.3.Iliveinthehouse_________windowsfacesouth.4.Heistheboy________wearewaitingfor.that/whothat/whichwhosewho/whom495.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wewereinthecountry.6.Thisisthepark_________youtookphotoslastSunday.7.Thatwasthereason________hewaslateforschool.

whenwhere

why50Exercises:1.Thegirl__________issittinginthechairisagoodsinger.2.Theskirt__________Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold.3.Isthisthenovel__________youintroducedtome?4.Whereistheboy_______brokethewindow?5.Luckilynoneofthepeople_________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.who/thatwhich/thatthat/whichwho/that

who/whom51Exercises:

All___weneedistobesuppliedwithfoodandclothing.A.wh