定語(yǔ)從句-高中英語(yǔ)

TheAttributiveClause

定語(yǔ)從句1ProverbsHe

wholaughslastlaughsbest.Alliswellthatendswell.Friendshipislikehealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknown

untilitislost.誰(shuí)笑到最后誰(shuí)笑得最好。結(jié)局好，一切都好。真正的友誼猶如健康的身體，失去時(shí)方知其可貴。2Findtherule:

Thekindsofattribute(定語(yǔ)):1.Heisan

honestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.5.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.修飾,限定3

Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定語(yǔ)的位置）1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.（單個(gè)的詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要放于被修飾詞的前面，短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要放于被修飾詞的后面。）4Studytherule:

AttributiveClause（定語(yǔ)從句）在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句HeisanEnglishteacher

wholikessingingsongs.定語(yǔ)從句先行詞引導(dǎo)詞（關(guān)系詞）引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose關(guān)系副詞:where﹑when﹑why5把下列句子分成兩層意思:Thenumberofpeople

whowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.1Thenumberofpeoplereachedmorethan400,000.2Anumberofpeoplewerekilledorinjured.

6{

Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.把兩個(gè)句子合成一個(gè)復(fù)合句

1Thewomanisateacher.2Thewomanlivesnextdoor.7Practice:

1.TheboysarefromGradeone.

Theboysareplayingbasketball.TheboysarefromGradeOne.who/thatareplayingbasketballTheboyswho/thatarefromGradeoneareplayingbasketball.82.Thenurseiskind.

Thenurselooksaftermysister.Thenurseiskind.who/thatlooksaftermysister3.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”.TheplaywaswrittenbyLaoShe.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”which/thatwaswrittenbyLaoShe.95.Thisisthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.Thisisthehouse

which/thatLuXunoncelivedin.6.Whereisthegirl?YoutalkedwithherlastSunday.Whereisthegirl

who/whom/thatyoutalkedwithlastSunday?

10that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句a.Hereisthemoneythat/whichwillbegiventoyou.b.Doyoulikethebook(that/which)youborrowedyesterday?

that

人或物主語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)

不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不位于介詞后。11

關(guān)系代詞的選擇

a.What’sthenameofthegirl

who

justcamein?b.Doyouknowthestudentto

whom

Janeistalking?(不能用who)who指人作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)（可省略）介詞在前不可使用whom指人賓語(yǔ)（可省略）介詞后不可省略12Which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Thebuildingwhich

/thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.

which

指物主語(yǔ)或

賓語(yǔ)（可省略)在介詞后不可省略Theroominwhichtherearealotofbooksisareadingroom.13關(guān)系代詞whose的用法

Whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，用作名詞的限定語(yǔ)，whose指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。Heisanexcellentteacher,{whosedaughterstudiesabroad.

thedaughter

of

whom

studiesabroad.

Haveyouseenadictionarywhosecoverisblue?whose經(jīng)常后接名詞，這結(jié)構(gòu)可以用the+名詞＋of+whom/which來替換，意義不變。14Whichhouseismine?房頂是棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.whoseroofisbrowntheroofofwhichisbrownMyhouse15Haveatry指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語(yǔ)從句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.

主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)16Haveatry5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.6.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.定語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)171.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2.代替先行詞。3.在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。引導(dǎo)詞3個(gè)作用：18例1.Theman__________gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主語(yǔ))19例2:Theboy_________________thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(賓語(yǔ),可省略)20例3:Thecar________________isredwasdamagedyesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主語(yǔ))21例4:Thequestion_______________Idon’tunderstandisaboutgrammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(賓語(yǔ),可省略)22例5.

Yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman____husbanddiedinthataccident.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.thatB關(guān)系代詞表示先行詞的所屬關(guān)系，指人和物時(shí)都用whose,可理解為“…的”23二.when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句where表示地點(diǎn)，只能跟在表地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)合的名詞后注意：where不在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)Whatisthenameofthetownwherewestayedlastnight?Thinkofaplacewherewecangofordinner.Pleaseleavethebookattheplacewhereitwas.Pleaseleavethebookwhereitwas.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句242.when表示時(shí)間，只能跟在表時(shí)間的名詞后

Tellmethetimewhenthetrainleaves.July,when(=inwhich)wecangohomeforarest,iscomingsoon.Iwillneverforgetthedays(that/which)Ispentwithyourfamily.WecangohomeforarestinJuly.Julyiscomingsoon.that在從句中充當(dāng)spent的賓語(yǔ)成分253.why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hecried.Theteacherwassurprisedatthereason(that/which)heexplainedforbeinglate.that在從句中充當(dāng)explain的賓語(yǔ)成分Thisiswhyhecried.

表語(yǔ)從句26三.介詞+關(guān)系代詞which\whom引導(dǎo)的從句ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowisourheadmaster.ThisistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.ThisisthepenwhichIamlookingfor.27介詞+which和介詞＋whom1.Thefarm

weworkedtenyearsagoisn’twhatitusedtobe.2.Heistheman

youcanturnforhelp.3.Thisisthetree

weusedtoplaygames.onwhichtowhomunderwhich284.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_______________wecan’tlive.5.Thestudent___________weweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.6.I’llneverforgettheday__________shesaidgoodbyetome.7.Whocangivemethereason________hehasn’tturnedupyet?withoutwhichaboutwhomonwhichforwhich29四.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1.Heisrude,whichmakeshimselfkeepadistancefromothers.ThisisthebookwhichIreadyesterday.（１）限制性定語(yǔ)從句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分，與先行詞無(wú)逗號(hào)；（２）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充說明作用，省去后不影響主句的意思，常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開．e.g.Thosewhocutdownthetreesshouldbepunished.ThisbookwasleftbyJohn,whowashereamomentago.30１.ItwasheardinBeijing,whichisonehundredkilometresaway.２.Butonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wenttobedasusualthatnight.３.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.非限制性定從非限制性定從限制性定從31限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開用逗號(hào)隔開意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，不能刪除是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，刪除后意思仍完整譯法上翻譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)，“…的…”通常翻譯成主句的并列句關(guān)系詞的使用A．做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略B．可用thatA．不可省B。不用that32關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意幾點(diǎn)：（1）Whom,which作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞一般可以放在它們的前面，也可以放在從句原來的位置上，但是含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組中，介詞應(yīng)該放在原來的位置上。

{

Thereisaroom

inwhich

youcanstudy.which

youstudy

in.Roseisthestudentwhomyoushouldlookafter/takecareof.33①.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如：all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,theone等。

⑵.只用that不用which的情況：Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

Thereisnodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.②.先行詞前有theonly,few,oneof,little,no,all,every,very等詞修飾時(shí)。34③.先行詞被序數(shù)詞first,last,next等或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninEnglish.④.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandtheschools(that)theyhadvisited.⑤.當(dāng)先行詞是系動(dòng)詞be后面的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Chinaisn’tthecountry

thatsheusedtobe50yearsago.35⑥當(dāng)主句時(shí)以who,which,或what開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?Whatdidyouhearthatmadeyousoangry？⑦therebe句型中Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.36(3).只用which不用that的情況

①先行詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Hismoneywasstolenbyathief,whichmadehimverysad.②.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。Thisisthefactoryinwhichmymotherworks.③.當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)。

What’sthatwhichflashedinthesky

justnow?

37(5).關(guān)系代詞who,which,that,在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須必須和先行詞保持一致。Anyonewho__over20canjointhearmy.I,who____

yourfriend,willhelpyou.isam

38應(yīng)用定語(yǔ)從句易犯的小錯(cuò)誤一、在定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的成分。誤：SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome．正：SomeoftheboysIinviteddidn’tcome．譯：我邀請(qǐng)的男孩中有幾個(gè)沒有來。析：應(yīng)刪去them，因?yàn)閺木涞馁e語(yǔ)是省略了的whom，who或that。39二、把定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)弄錯(cuò)。

誤：Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished．正：Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished．譯：任何違犯法律的人將被處罰。析：應(yīng)改break為breaks，因?yàn)閣ho指anyone，是單數(shù)。40三、誤省略了定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。誤：Thekeyopensthebikeismissing．正：Thekeythat／whichopensthebikeismissing．譯：開這輛自行車的鑰匙不見了。析：應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞that或which，因?yàn)閺木渖僦髡Z(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)不能省略。41四、定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的關(guān)系副詞或介詞。誤：Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing．正：Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing．或：Thehouse(that/which)helivesinneedsrepairing．或：Thehouseinwhichhelivesneedsrepairing.譯：他住的房子需要修理。42五、在作先行詞的時(shí)間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞后錯(cuò)用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。

誤：Istillrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether．正：Istillremembertheday(that／which)wespenttogether．譯：我仍記得我們?cè)谝黄鸲冗^的日子。析：應(yīng)改when為that或which，因?yàn)閺木渲兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞spent是及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)跟賓語(yǔ)而不是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

43六、在先行詞reason后錯(cuò)用關(guān)系副詞why。

誤：Haveyouaskedherforthereasonwhymayexplainherabsence？正：Haveyouaskedherforthereasonthat／whichmayexplainherabsence？譯：你是否向他問過可以解釋他缺席的原因？析：應(yīng)改why為that或which，因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，而不是少原因狀語(yǔ)。44七、誤將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句。

誤：Itwasinthekitchenwherethefirebrokeout．正：Itwasinthekitchenthatthefirebrokeout．譯：大火發(fā)生在廚房。析：應(yīng)將where改that，因?yàn)樵溥€原為Thefirebrokeoutinthekitchen后，在語(yǔ)法和句意上均成立，故此題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，而非定語(yǔ)從句。45PRACTICE改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤。Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary．Thosewhohasfinishedtheworkmaygohome．HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool．Thisisoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow．Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth．IstillrememberthedayonwhenIfirstcametoBeijing．Thisisthehousewherewelivedinlastyear．Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate．Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnightwhenyoudidn’tcome？\haveknowsarewho/thatwhen/onwhichwhich/thatthat/whichthat強(qiáng)調(diào)句46關(guān)系代詞用法關(guān)系代詞指代

在從句中的作用

that

which

who

whom

whose(=ofwhich)人／物

主／賓主／賓主／賓賓定

人

人人／物物

Summary47關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞指代在從句中的作用when(=at/in/on/duringwhich)

where(=in/atwhich)why(=forwhich)

時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因原因狀語(yǔ)48Practice1.Theman______________istalkingtomeisafriendofmyfather’s.2.Theschool__________________isfamousherehasalonghistory.3.Iliveinthehouse_________windowsfacesouth.4.Heistheboy________wearewaitingfor.that/whothat/whichwhosewho/whom495.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wewereinthecountry.6.Thisisthepark_________youtookphotoslastSunday.7.Thatwasthereason________hewaslateforschool.

whenwhere

why50Exercises:1.Thegirl__________issittinginthechairisagoodsinger.2.Theskirt__________Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold.3.Isthisthenovel__________youintroducedtome?4.Whereistheboy_______brokethewindow?5.Luckilynoneofthepeople_________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.who/thatwhich/thatthat/whichwho/that

who/whom51Exercises:

All___weneedistobesuppliedwithfoodandclothing.A.wh