外研版英語選修八講義Module6TheTangPoemsSectionⅠIntroductionReadingandVocabulary-ComprehendingWord版含答案

“好雨知時節(jié)，當(dāng)春乃發(fā)生。隨風(fēng)潛入夜，潤物細(xì)無聲”。“詩圣”杜甫的這首膾炙人口的《春夜喜雨》如今已經(jīng)被譯成英文出現(xiàn)在倫敦的地鐵站里。ChinesePoemsWentUnderground“Agoodrainknowsitspropertime；itwaitsuntilthespringtofall.Itdrifts(漂流；漂移)inonthewind,stealsinbynight;itsfinedropsdrench(淋透),yetmakenosoundatall.”Thewell－knownpoem，writtenbythepoetDuFu，wasoneofthefamouspoemsthatlandedinLondon.OtherpoemsfromLiBaiandBaiJuyihavealsobeenenjoyedbytheBritishpublic.Atthesametime,someBritishpoems,includingthepoeticworksfromfamousWilliamWordsworthandWilliamBlake,havedecoratedShanghai’ssubwaysystem.AtasimpleceremonyheldatBritain’sNationalLibrary,theGeneralManagerofLondonUndergroundwrotethetitleoftheChinesepoemwithabrushpen，atraditionalartpeninancientChina.ThisaddedtotheChineseatmosphereintheLondonsubway.TheideatoexchangepoetrywasonepartoftheChina-BritainCulturalExchange.AnofficialfromtheBritishEmbassyinChinaintroducedtheideatoexchangepoetryasonepartoftheSino-BritainCulturalExchange.Chinesepoemsaresetto(被指定做某事)decorateLondon’sUndergroundsoon.Atthesametime,someBritishpoemswillsoondecorateShanghai’ssubwaysystem.SectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—prehending重點單詞寫作詞匯1.farewelln． 告別2.partv． 分手；分離3.dynastyn． 朝；代4.shadown． 影子，陰影5.sharev. 分享，共享拓展詞匯6.acquaintancen．相識的人；泛泛之交→acquaintv．相識；了解7.advancen．進(jìn)步；進(jìn)展→advancedadj.先進(jìn)的；高級的8.failuren．失敗者→failvi.失?。徊患案?.sufferingn．(肉體或精神上的)痛苦；苦難→suffervt.&vi.遭受10.irregularadj.不規(guī)則的；無規(guī)律的→regularadj.有規(guī)律的；規(guī)則的11.mentaladj.內(nèi)心的；精神上的→physicaladj.身體的(反義詞)閱讀詞匯12.barv． 摒除；阻擋13.seedn. 種子14.expansionn. 擴(kuò)張15.tolerantadj. 寬容的；容忍的16.astronomyn. 天文學(xué)17.altituden. 高度；海拔18.specialistn． 專家19.merchantn. 商人20.realistn. 現(xiàn)實主義作家21.romanticn. 浪漫主義作家22.reflectionn. 倒影重點短語1.asfaras 遠(yuǎn)到，遠(yuǎn)至；就……而言2.atone’shighpoint 在……鼎盛時期3.beknownas 作為……而出名4.thinkof...as... 把……看作……5.takeholdof 抓住6.atthesametime 與此同時重點句型1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who...：Itwasonlyinthe11thcenturythat(只有在11世紀(jì))hispoeticgeniuswasrecognised.2.notas/so...as...不和……一樣：Ashewasnotsosuccessfulassomeoftheotheryoungmen(沒有同其他年輕人一樣取得成功)ofhistimeintheCivilServiceExaminationtobeeagovernmentofficial，hebeganalifeoftravelandpoetry，writingmorethanathousandpoems.3.while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略：連詞＋doing/done：Itissaidthathedrownedwhenhefellintoariverwhiletryingtotakeholdof(當(dāng)試圖抓住)thereflectionoftheMoon.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Readthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.1．Para.1 A．LiBai2．Para.2 B．DuFu3．Para.3 C．Technologyandprogress4．Para.4 D．Tangpoetry5．Para.5 E．Anexcitingculture6．Para.6 F．Agreatdynasty答案：1－6.FECDBAeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheSilkRoadintheTangDynasty?A．TheTangrulerscontrolleditwellintopresent-dayPersia.B．TheTangrulerscontrolleditwellintopresent-dayArabia.C．TheTangrulerscontrolleditwellintopresent-dayRussia.D．TheTangrulerscontrolleditwellintopresent-dayAfghanistan.2．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________．A．theoriginsofBuddhismwereinJapanB．manyforeignerswerenotallowedtoliveinChinaintheTangDynastyC．thebiggestforeigninfluencecamefromEuropeD．cultureandtechnologywerewelldevelopedintheTangDynasty3．LotsofpeopleintheTangDynastybecameinterestedinpoetrybecausetheywantedto_______.A．befamouspoetsB．getagoodjobinthegovernmentC．makemoremoneyD．winmuchrespect4．Fromthepassagewelearnthat________．A．LiBaiwassuccessfulwhenhewasyoungB．LiBaipaintedarealisticpictureoftheproblemsofhisageC．DuFuandLiBaididn’tliveinthesametimeD．LiBaididn’tdowellintheCivilServiceExamination答案：1－4.DDBDeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Theywereallowedtoliveinmunitiesgovernedbytheirownlaws,andtokeeptheirtraditionalformsofentertainmentsuchasmusicanddance,whichinfluencedthedevelopmentofTangculture.eq\a\vs4\al()本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。主句中，由and連接的兩個并列不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，其中g(shù)overnedbytheirownlaws為過去分詞短語作munities的______，which引導(dǎo)一個_______從句，代指前面的內(nèi)容。[翻譯]他們被允許居住在由他們自己的法律掌管的區(qū)域，保持著他們自己的傳統(tǒng)娛樂形式，比如音樂和舞蹈，這些也對唐朝文化的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了影響。答案：定語；非限制性定語2．AshewasnotsosuccessfulassomeoftheotheryoungmenofhistimeintheCivilServiceExaminationtobeeagovernmentofficial,hebeganalifeoftravelandpoetry,writingmorethanathousandpoems.eq\a\vs4\al()[翻譯]因為不如同時代的其他一些年輕人在科舉考試中順利成為一名政府官員，他便開始了一種游歷以及詩歌創(chuàng)作的生涯，寫了一千多首詩。答案：原因；伴隨①poetryn．[U][總稱]詩歌，詩篇poemn．[C]詩，詩歌poetn．[C]詩人②dynasty['dIn?sti]n.朝；代③timen．歷史時期，時代④expansion[Ik'sp?n?n]n.擴(kuò)張expandv．?dāng)U大，增加⑤asfaras遠(yuǎn)至⑥present-dayadj.當(dāng)代的，當(dāng)前的⑦tolerant['t?l?r?nt]adj.寬容的；容忍的betolerantof/towards對……寬容的/容忍的⑧cosmopolitan[?k?zm?'p?lIt?n]adj.兼容并包的⑨Persian['p???n]n.波斯人⑩Arab['?r?b]n.阿拉伯人?Jew[d?u?]n.猶太人?influencevt.&n．影響；作用haveaninfluenceon對……有影響undertheinfluenceof受到……的影響?Buddhism['b?dIz?m]n.佛教?atthesametime與此同時?handinhand密切關(guān)聯(lián)，手拉手?progressn．進(jìn)展，發(fā)展?astronomy[?'str?n?mi]n.天文學(xué)?measurev．&n．測量，量；尺寸，措施make...toone’smeasure依照某人的尺寸做；定做takesomemeasurestodosth.采取措施做某事?shadow['??d??]n.影子，陰影?altitude['?ltI?tju?d]n.高度；海拔atanaltitudeof在……的高度specialist['spe??lIst]n.專家share[?e?]v.分享，共享n．份；分配額markv.標(biāo)志著syllable['sIl?bl]n.音節(jié)governv．決定；指導(dǎo)；統(tǒng)治，管理qualificationn．資格chancen．機(jī)會eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(achancetodo...,achanceofdoing...))做……的機(jī)會be/beeinterestedin...對……感興趣takeaninterestin...對……感興趣aswellas“以及”，相當(dāng)于inadditionto。thinkof...as...把……看作是……failure['feIlj?]n.失敗者，此處加a，屬于抽象名詞具體化，表示“一個失敗者”。recognisev．承認(rèn)，公認(rèn)，認(rèn)可realisticadj.現(xiàn)實的，現(xiàn)實主義的suffering['s?f?rI?]n．(肉體或精神上的)痛苦；苦難corruption[k?'r?p?n]n.腐敗；墮落includingprep.包括……在內(nèi)including＋n.＝n.＋includedbeknownfor因……而著名beknownas作為……而出名beknownto為……所知merchant['m??t??nt]n.商人irregular[I'reɡj?l?]adj.不規(guī)則的；無規(guī)律的regularadj.規(guī)則的；有規(guī)律的；定期的realist['rI?lIst]n.現(xiàn)實主義作家romantic[r??'m?ntIk]n.浪漫主義作家trytodosth.試圖做某事，努力做某事trydoingsth.試著做某事takeholdof抓住getholdof抓住，握住reflection[rI'flek?n]n.倒影TheGoldenAgeofChinesePoetry①TheTangDynasty②(618～907)wasoneofthegreatdynastiesinChinesehistory.Itwasatime③ofexpansion④.Atitshighpoint,thecountryreachedasfaras⑤Siberia(nowpartofRussia)inthenorth,KoreaintheeastandVietnaminthesouth.TheTangrulersalsocontrolledthetraderouteknownastheSilkRoadwellintopresent-day⑥Afghanistan.◆過去分詞短語knownastheSilkRoad作后置定語，修飾thetraderoute。Tradewithforeigncountriescreatedatolerant⑦andcosmopolitan⑧culture.Persians⑨，Arabs⑩andJews?cametoliveinChinesetowns,bringingwiththemtheirownreligionsandcustoms.Theywereallowedtoliveinmunitiesgovernedbytheirownlaws,andtokeeptheirtraditionalformsofentertainmentsuchasmusicanddance,whichinfluenced?thedevelopmentofTangculture.ButperhapsthebiggestforeigninfluencecamefromBuddhism?，whoseoriginswereinIndia．Atthesametime?foreignerswhowereeducatedattheTangcourttooktheChineseculturehomewiththem.SoonJapanandKoreawereorganisedontheTangmodel,whileChineseinfluenceextendedthroughoutSoutheastAsia.◆bringingwiththemtheirownreligionsandcustoms是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語?！暨^去分詞短語governedbytheirownlaws作后置定語，修飾munities?！魒hoseoriginswereinIndia是whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。whoseorigins也可以用theoriginsofwhich來替代。◆whowereeducatedattheTangcourt是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾foreigners。Culturaldevelopmentwenthandinhand?withtechnologicalprogress?.Newdiscoveriesweremadeinastronomy?，geographyandmedicine.In724SengYixingmeasured?thelengthofthesun’sshadow?andthealtitude?oftheNorthPole.UnderEmperorTaizong(627～649)thegovernmentopenedmedicalschoolswherespecialistsubjectswerestudied．Theinventionofprintingaboutthistimemeantthatknowledgecouldberecordedandsharedasneverbefore.Butitwasnotjustscientificknowledgethatcouldnowreachawideraudience．Printingalsomarkedthebeginningofthegoldenageofliterature—andliterature,intheTangDynasty,meantpoetry.◆wherespecialistsubjectswerestudied是where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾medicalschools?！魌hatcouldnowreachawideraudience是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾scientificknowledge。Inthebeautyofitsimagesandtherangeoftopics,Tangpoetrywasbetterthaneverythingthathadebeforeit．Buthowdidthishappen？Thereisnosingleanswertothequestion.Anexplosionoftalent,andtheappearanceofnewformswerebothimportant.Inthe“NewStyleVerse”whichappearedduringtheTangperiod,eachlinehasfiveorsevensyllables,andtherearelotsofruleswhichgovernthetones．Butbeingabletowritepoetrywasalsoanimportantqualificationforpeoplewhowantedtobeegovernmentofficials．Agoodpoethadabetterchanceofgettingagoodjob.Solotsofpeoplebecameinterestedinpoetry.◆thathadebeforeit是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾everything?！魒hichappearedduringtheTangperiod是which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾the“NewStyleVerse”。◆whichgovernthetones是which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾rules?！魒howantedtobeegovernmentofficials是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾people。OneofthegreatestoftheTangpoetswasDuFu(712～770)．Asayoungmanhetravelledalotandenjoyedpaintingandmusic,aswellaswritingpoetry.Butduringhislifetimeheneverbecamefamous;infact,hethoughtofhimselfasafailure.Itwasonlyinthe11thcenturythathispoeticgeniuswasrecognised.Sometimesheiscalledthe“poetofhistory”or“themirrorofhistime”becausehepaintsarealisticpictureoftheproblemsoftheageinwhichhelived．Theseincludethesufferingsofthepoor,andthecorruptionoftherich.Healsowritesabouthisownproblems,includinghisson’sdeath.DuFuisalsoknownforhisfriendshipwithLiBai(701～762),anothergreatpoetoftheage.Thetwomenmetin744,andalthoughverydifferent,theybecamefriends.Theyeachwrotepoemstotheother.◆Itwas...that...是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式?！鬷nwhichhelived是inwhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾theage?！鬭lthoughverydifferent是although引導(dǎo)的省略了theywere的讓步狀語從句。LiBai,thesonofawealthymerchant,grewupinSichuanProvince.AshewasnotsosuccessfulassomeoftheotheryoungmenofhistimeintheCivilServiceExaminationtobeeagovernmentofficial,hebeganalifeoftravelandpoetry,writingmorethanathousandpoems．Heusedsimple,directlanguageandoftenchoseirregularforms.IfDuFuwasarealist,thenLiBaiwasaromantic.Hewroteaboutnatureandpeoplewiththesamedepthoffeeling.Friendship,thehumancondition,andthepleasuresofwine,arehisfavouritesubjects.ItissaidthathedrownedwhenhefellintoariverwhiletryingtotakeholdofthereflectionoftheMoon.◆writingmorethanathousandpoems是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。◆whiletryingto...＝whilehewastryingto...◆Itissaidthat...(＝Peoplesaythat...)據(jù)說……中國詩歌的黃金時代唐朝(618～907)是中國歷史上最繁盛的朝代之一。這是一個疆域擴(kuò)張的時代。在其最鼎盛的時候，唐朝的疆域北至西伯利亞(現(xiàn)屬俄羅斯)，東至當(dāng)時的朝鮮，南至越南。唐朝統(tǒng)治者還控制著遠(yuǎn)至現(xiàn)今阿富汗的貿(mào)易線路——絲綢之路。與外國之間的貿(mào)易促成了寬容和包羅萬象的文化。波斯人、阿拉伯人和猶太人來到唐朝定居，帶來了他們自己的宗教信仰和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。他們被允許居住在由他們自己的法律掌管的區(qū)域，保持著他們自己的傳統(tǒng)娛樂形式，比如音樂和舞蹈，這些也對唐朝文化的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了影響。但是或許影響最為深遠(yuǎn)的外來文化是起源于印度的佛教。與此同時，在唐朝宮廷受過教育的外國人將唐朝文化帶回了自己的國家。不久，日本和朝鮮參照了唐朝的統(tǒng)治形式，唐朝的影響遍及東南亞。文化的發(fā)展和科技的進(jìn)步齊頭并進(jìn)。天文學(xué)、地理學(xué)和醫(yī)藥學(xué)都有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。在724年，僧一行測量了日影長度和北極高度。在唐太宗(627～649)時期，官府開辦了醫(yī)藥，進(jìn)行專科研究。大約發(fā)明于此時的印刷術(shù)意味著人們可以用以前從未有過的方式來記載和分享知識。印刷術(shù)不僅使科學(xué)知識的傳播遍及各地，而且也標(biāo)志著唐朝的主要文學(xué)形式——詩歌的黃金時代的到來。意象優(yōu)美、題材廣泛的唐詩超越了在它之前的所有文學(xué)形式。但是唐詩到底是怎樣發(fā)展起來的呢？這個問題的答案不止一個。天才詩人的涌現(xiàn)和新詩歌形式的出現(xiàn)是兩個重要因素。唐朝出現(xiàn)的“新體詩”(格律詩)中，每行五言或七言，對音韻也有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定。若想入朝當(dāng)官，能夠?qū)懺娨彩且粋€重要的條件。能寫一手好詩就有更好的機(jī)會來獲得一個好工作。因此很多人都開始對詩歌產(chǎn)生興趣。杜甫(712～770)是唐朝最偉大的詩人之一。年輕時，杜甫游歷過許多地方。他喜歡繪畫、音樂和寫詩。但在有生之年他一直沒有成名；事實上他認(rèn)為自己是一個失敗者。直到11世紀(jì)他在詩歌創(chuàng)作上的天賦才被認(rèn)可。杜甫描繪了他所生活的那個時代的現(xiàn)實畫卷，所以，他有時被稱為“詩史”或“時代的鏡子”。他的詩描寫了勞苦大眾的苦難和達(dá)官貴人的腐敗。杜甫也抒寫了自己的痛苦，包括他愛子的夭折。杜甫和這一時期另一位偉大詩人李白(701～762)的友誼也為世人所稱道。杜甫和李白于744年相識，盡管風(fēng)格迥異，兩人仍然成了朋友，并互贈詩歌。李白是一位富商的兒子，在四川省長大。因為不如同時代的其他一些年輕人在科舉考試中順利成為一名政府官員，他便開始了一種游歷以及詩歌創(chuàng)作的生涯，寫了一千多首詩。他使用簡單而又明快的語言，并且經(jīng)常選用不規(guī)則的形式。如果說杜甫是一個現(xiàn)實主義詩人，那么李白就是一個浪漫主義詩人。他以同樣深厚的情感抒寫自然和人物。友誼、人們的生活狀況以及飲酒的快樂是他最喜歡抒寫的主題。據(jù)說他在試圖抓月亮的影子時掉進(jìn)江里溺水身亡。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解ATangDynastypoetssangforaboutthreecenturiesindifferenttones.ThereweremanyfamouspoetslivingintheTangperiod,suchasLiBai,DuFu,BaiJuyiandLiShangyin.PoemsoftheTangDynastyeditedintheQingDynastyisacollectionofmorethan48,900poemsthatwerewrittenbyover2,200poets.Butitdidn’tcoverallthepoemsoftheTangDynasty.DuringtheTangDynasty,poemswererecitedwhenloverswalkedunderthemoonlight.Poemswerealsorecitedwhensoldiersfoughtonthebattlefield.Peoplerecitedthemintheopenairorattemplefairs.TangDynastypoetswrotepoemstowinfameandalsotodeveloptheirtemperament(性情).Theypouredoutdeepfeelingsfortheirfriendsandcriticizedinjusticeintheworldthroughpoems.IntheTangDynastyscholarshadtobepoets.Theirreaderswerenotonlypeopleofhighsocialpositionbutalsomonpeople.Poetsrecitedpoems,womensingerssangpoemsandotherranksofpeople,includingoldwomenandchildren,readTangpoems.Thisatmosphereaffectedforeignerswhovisitedthecountryatthattime.Asaresult,Tangpoetrywasintroducedtosomeadjacentcountries,likeJapanandVietnam.TangpoetryisamostbrilliantpageinthehistoryofancientChineseliterature.It’samiracle(奇跡)intheculturalhistoryofmankind.TheTangDynastywasapowerfulempirewithavastterritory.Itinherited(繼承)Chinesecivilizationthatwentbacktoancienttimes,wasbinedwiththebestofotherculturesandadoptedthebenefitsofothernationsintheworld.Tangpoetrywasn’ttheonlyspiritualwealthcreatedbytheTangDynastypeople.Philosophyandreligion,handwritingandpainting,andmusicanddanceallgainednewpeaksofdevelopment.Tangpoetry,however,wasthejewelinthecrownanditsgreatestachievement.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。通過本文，我們可以更深入地了解唐詩的影響力和其對世界文化的貢獻(xiàn)。1．Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________．A．onlypeopleintheTangDynastycreatedpoemsB．intotaltherewerefourfamouspoetsintheTangDynastyC．theTangDynastyprobablyexistedforaboutthreecenturiesD．intheTangDynastymostmonpeoplewerepoetsC解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話可推斷出C項正確。2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A．Whythepoetscreatedpoems.B．SomeotherkindsofspiritualwealthintheTangDynasty.C．ThesignificanceandinfluenceoftheTangDynasty.D．TheeditorsofPoemsoftheTangDynasty.D解析：推理判斷題。A項在第三段中提到了；B、C兩項在最后一段提到了。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，文章沒有具體交代PoemsoftheTangDynasty這本書是誰編輯的。故選D項。3．Theunderlinedword“adjacent”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”．A．strong B．neighboringC．poor D．richB解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句中的“l(fā)ikeJapanandVietnam”可推測出，adjacent意為“鄰近的”。故B項意思相符。4．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheGreatTangDynastyB．TangDynastyPoetryC．FamousPoetsintheTangDynastyD．TheDevelopmentoftheTangDynastyB解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要敘述了唐詩在當(dāng)時受歡迎的程度和影響力。故B項最適合作標(biāo)題。BItisquiteapparentthatpetitionsurroundseveryaspectofhumanlifewhetherintheUnitedStatesortheAmazonrainforest.Withoutitwewouldnothavegrownintoprimates(靈長目動物)．Orwewouldprobablystillbestrugglingtosharpenabronzetoolwhilecrawlingaroundonfourlegsinsearchofmeat.Withoutpetition,Columbuswouldn’thavediscoveredAmericaandEdisonwouldneverhaveinventedthelightbulb.Thefriendship，likeallrelationshipsbetweentwopeople，involvespetition.Itisn’tpetitioninatraditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprizes.Perhapstheecologicaldefinition—thesimultaneous(同時的)demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutrients,livingspace,orlight—betterexplainsit.Asinnature,highschoollifeisgovernedbyasetoflaws,similartoashortenedversionofDarwin’stheoryofevolution,overpopulation,andpetition.Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguishthem,rankingandcategorizing(分類)takeplace.Inhighschool,friendshipcoexistswithpetitioneventhoughattimestherelationshipisrough.Infact,insomecircumstances,petitionistoomuchofaburdenforfriendshiptobear,causingittofallapart.Collegeadmissionisthefinalhighschoolobjective.Fouryearsofhardworkistoachievegoodgrades,andastudent’sfateisdeterminednotonlybytheseachievements,butbytherecordsofthousandsofotherseniorstryingtoachievesimilarrecognition.Nevertheless,bynecessity,petitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.Itsetsandimprovesthestandardsineverythingfromsportstoschoolwork.Healthy,friendlypetitioncanhaveonlybenefits,butwhenitbeestoofierce,jealousy(妒忌)cantearfriendshipapart.Yet,despiteallthis,withoutpetition,wewouldbelost.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了友誼和競爭之間的關(guān)系，健康的競爭促進(jìn)友誼，而惡性的競爭則破壞友誼。5．Whatdoestheecologicaldefinitionmainlyexplain?A．Howfriendspetewitheachother.B．Howtowinthepetition.C．Whattheresultofpetitionis.D．Whatpetitionexactlyis.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。分析第二段最后一句“Perhapstheecologicaldefinition—thesimultaneous(同時的)demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutrients,livingspace，orlight—betterexplainsit.”可知，該句的主干是Perhapstheecologicaldefinitionbetterexplainsit，其中“it”指代的是前一句中的“petition”。兩個破折號之間的內(nèi)容解釋“theecologicaldefinition”。句意：兩個或更多的生物體同時對有限的生態(tài)環(huán)境資源有需求，如營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)、生存空間、光——這一生態(tài)學(xué)定義更好地解釋了競爭(的含義)。故選D項。6．Accordingtotheauthor，whatcausesthehighschoolstudentstopete?A．Thenumberofthemistoolarge.B．Friendshipisaburdenforthem.C．Theyknowthelawsofnaturewell.D．Theyaredividedintodifferentgroups.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，高中生活與自然界一樣有一系列的規(guī)則，這與達(dá)爾文關(guān)于進(jìn)化、人口過多和競爭的理論相似。也正是因為學(xué)生人數(shù)眾多，為了區(qū)分，所以對學(xué)生進(jìn)行了排名、分類。再加上考大學(xué)這一高中生活的最終目標(biāo)的壓力，高中生之間的競爭就不可避免地產(chǎn)生了。故選A項。7．Whichbestdescribestherelationshipoffriendshipandpetition?A．Friendshipisalwaysbasedonpetition.B．Thedegreeofpetitionisvitaltofriendship.C．petitionisterriblyharmfultofriendship.D．petitionisaresultoflostfriendship.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Healthy，friendlypetitioncanhaveonlybenefits，butwhenitbeestoofierce，jealousy(妒忌)cantearfriendshipapart.”可知，健康的、友好的競爭對友誼有好處，而過于激烈的、存在妒忌的競爭會使友誼破裂。因此競爭的度對友誼是至關(guān)重要的。故選B項。8．Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“petition”？A．Theresultsofpetitionareoutofcontrol.B．petitionbeesfiercerinhighschool.C．petitioniscertaintohappeninhighschool.D．Friendshipisnotasimportantaspetitioninhighschools.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Nevertheless，bynecessity，petitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.”可知，作者認(rèn)為高中生活的各個方面存在競爭是必然的。故選C項。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)完形填空Havingagreatcollectionofbooksathomedoesn’tmeanthatyouareapersonofculture.Itcanbejustto1peoplearoundyou.Therearealsomanypeoplewhocannot2somanybooksbecauseofhighprices,sotheyusuallygotoa3andspendhoursreadingsomethingthat4themalot.Readingisveryimportanttoeachofus.Forexample,itisameansofgaining5．Itcanmakethings_6whenwewritepositionsondifferentthemes.Itenablesyoutotalkaboutscience,7youdon’tworkinthisfield,oryoucanexpressyouropinionaboutapoliticalevent,becauseyouhavereadsomething8tothat.Readingoffersusthe9toentertheworldofimagination,andto10therealoneforacoupleofhours.Weetomeetkingsandqueensmanyyearsago,11intheworldoftherichorimaginehowlifewillbeinthefuture.Itgivesusthechancetobeanother12inthestorywereadandtoimaginetheendingofit.Sometimes,we13ourselveswiththepeopleinthestorieswereadandtheymaygiveusa14toourownproblemandtellushowto15incertaincircumstances.Booksareinspiredfromrealitybecauseevenifauthorsareconsideredtobe16differentfrommonpeople,theyareinfact17withthesameproblemsasweallareandsufferlikeus,too.Inconclusion,Iwouldliketosaythat18istheperfectmeanstoenrichourculture.Itmakesusexpresscorrectlyandhavearichvocabulary;itenablesustojoin19indifferentfieldsofinterestand