專題04 正確的人生態(tài)度和社會責(zé)任【精講精研+拓展延伸】高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)主題詞匯 閱讀一遍過

話題四正確的人生態(tài)度和社會責(zé)任第一部分話題詞匯積累單詞&短語1.modestadj.________________ 2.optimisticadj.________________3.negativen.________________ 4.coursen.________________5.courtn.________________ 6.crackv.________________7.crashv.________________ 8.creditn.________________9.commitmentn.________________ 10.contributionn.________________11.courageousadj.________________ 12.criticaladj.________________13.criticizev.________________ 14.curiousadj.________________15.desirev.&n.________________ 16.despiteprep.________________17.disappointedadj.________________ 18.distributionn.________________19.dutyn.________________ 20.dynamicadj.________________21.definitelyadv.________________ 22.crueladj.________________23.cuben.________________ 24.dampadj.________________25.decaden.________________ 26.decisiveadj.________________27.decoratev.________________ 28.defendv.________________29.delicateadj.________________ 30.dentistn.________________31.________________n.離開；啟程；出發(fā)32.________________v.減少；下降；衰退；謝絕33.________________adj.有創(chuàng)造力的；創(chuàng)造性的34.________________adj.致命的；非常的，極度的35.________________n.程度；度數(shù)；學(xué)位36.________________n.勇氣；膽量37.________________v.創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作；創(chuàng)建；造成38________________.n.犯罪活動；罪行39.________________adj.擁擠的；擠滿的40.________________n.好奇心41.________________n.顧客42.________________v.辯論；討論43.________________v.擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝44.________________v.宣布；聲稱；宣稱45.________________n.決定；決議；抉擇46.atthecostof...________________47.counton/upon________________48.indemand________________49.作報告/授課________________50.報道這次會議________________51.幾天前；前不久________________52.文化差異________________53.治愈某人的疾病________________54.對……好奇________________55.切掉；切斷；使隔絕________________56.對……造成損害________________57.隨著音樂起舞________________58.變聾________________59.todate________________60.Thereisnodenyingthat________________詞匯拓展1.desiren.愿望；欲望；渴望；情欲；向往的人；渴望的事物v.渴望；期望；向往；被(某人)吸引【搭配】desire(期望，要求)是及物動詞，后接名詞作賓語時，無須用任何介詞。順便說一句，desire若用作名詞，其后可以接介詞for。desire(要求)后接that從句時，其謂語通常用“(should)+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣形式。另外，也可用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來表示此意。He________________animmediateanswer.他要求立即答復(fù)。Hehasastrong________________forsuccess.他有強烈的成功欲望。She_______________toliveinthecountry.她希望住在鄉(xiāng)下。We_______________thatshe(should)typetheletteratonce.=Wedesirehertotypetheletteratonce.我們要求她馬上把信打出來。2.defendv.防御；保護；保衛(wèi)；辯解；辯白；防守Ourdutyisto_______________thecountryagainstitsenemies.我們的職責(zé)是保衛(wèi)國家不受敵人侵犯。TherearewaysIcan_______________myselfagainstsuchobjections.我能夠用許多辦法為自己辯護，駁回這樣的反對意見?！颈嫖觥縟efend,defence的區(qū)別defend是動詞；而defence/defense是名詞。defence表示“保衛(wèi)”或“防御”,注意其后所用介詞：后接入侵者或造成危害者用介詞against;若后接被保護者用介詞of；indefenceof,意為“保衛(wèi)……”“為……辯護”。Peopleusedtobuildstrongwallsroundtheirtownsasa_______________againstenemies.人們從前在城鎮(zhèn)四周修筑城墻來抵御敵人。Thisfortwasoncethemain_______________oftheisland.這座堡壘曾經(jīng)是這個島上的主要防御設(shè)施。Hundredsgavetheirlivesin_______________offreedom.千百人為了自由獻(xiàn)出了自己的生命。defend表示“保衛(wèi)”,通常為及物動詞，其賓語就是被保衛(wèi)的對象。表示“保衛(wèi)……免受或抵抗……”,用介詞from,against。Thewallwasbuiltto_______________theroadfrombeingwashedawaybythesea.建這座堤是為了保護這條路不被海水沖垮。Ourdutyisto_______________thecountryagainsttheenemies.我們的職責(zé)是保衛(wèi)祖國不受敵人侵襲?；顚W(xué)活用一、閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個單詞或用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Anexperiencedpublicspeakerusuallybeginsbyarousingtheaudience's____________(curious).2.Despitethefact_______________hehadbeentheretwice,hefailedtofindtheplace.3.Oncethe_______________(decide)isreached,hecandateandsignthesheet.4.Theoldfarmerwasverysadbecausethestrongwindsdidalotofdamage_______________hiscrops.5.TheGreatWallwasonceused_______________(defend)againstmilitaryaggression.二、翻譯句子1.Sheseemednervousortense,andshewasdefinitelyshortwithme.___________________________________________________________________2.IknowIletyoudownlastweek,butyoucancountonmethistime.___________________________________________________________________3.Theseyoungstersaremotivatednotbyadesiretoachieve,butbyfearoffailure.___________________________________________________________________4.不可否認(rèn)的是，勇氣在我們生活中扮演著重要角色。(denying)___________________________________________________________________答案單詞&短語謙虛的2.樂觀的3.消極的；否定的；陰性的4.課程；過程，進程；航線；球場；一道菜5.法庭；球場；院子6.破裂；裂開7.撞擊：墜毀；崩潰8.信用；信譽；信貸；學(xué)分9.忠誠，投入；奉獻(xiàn)10.貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)11.勇敢的12.批評的13.批評14.好奇的15.渴望16.盡管；雖然17.失望的18.分配；分布19.職責(zé)；義務(wù)20.動態(tài)的；動力的：充滿活力的21.確切地；肯定地22.殘忍的；殘酷的23.立方體；立方形24.潮濕的；有濕氣的25.十年；十年期26.決定性的；關(guān)鍵的27.裝飾；裝修28.防御；保衛(wèi)；辯護29.易碎的：脆弱的；精致的；微妙的30.牙醫(yī)31.departure32.decline33.creative34.deadly35.degree36.courage37.create38.crime39.crowded40.curiosity41.customer42.debate43.defeat44.declare45.decision46.以……為代價47.依靠；依賴；指望48.非常需要的：受歡迎的49.deliveraspeech/lecture50.covertheconference51.theotherday52.culturaldifferences53.curesb.ofthedisease54.becuriousabout...55.cutoff56.do/causedamageto57.dancetomusic58.go/becomedeaf59.至今；到目前為止60.不可否認(rèn)……詞匯拓展1.desires;desire;desires:desire2.defend;defend;defence;defence;defence;defend;defend活學(xué)活用一、1.curiosity2.that3.decision4.to5.todefend二、1.她似乎很焦慮，抑或是很緊張，對我明顯很不客氣。2.我知道我上周讓你失望了，但是這次你能指望我。3.激發(fā)這些年輕人的不是對成功的渴望，而是對失敗的擔(dān)心。4.Thereisnodenyingthatcourageisplayingasoimportantroleinone'slife.第二部分話題閱讀訓(xùn)練（A）閱讀理解SusanScott,71,isgladthatshedidn'tthinkaboutheragewhenshetookupbodybuildingattheageof59.“Ireinventmyselfeverytenyears.Istartedmy60sasabodybuilderandnowI'mbeginningmy70sasawriter,”shesaid.“Peopleusuallylimitthemselvesbyage,andit'sdiscouraging.Withage,Iremainyoungatheart.”DrSusanstartedbodybuildingatanagewhenmostareconsideringretirementthoughshewasanathletefromanearlyage.AsachildinVenezuela,shetooktogymnasticsandlatergraduatedwithaphysicaleducationdegree.Thensheobtainedamaster'sdegreeineducationandlateraPh.D．inAdultPersonalDevelopment.ShetaughtatCambridgeRindgeandLatinHighSchoolinCambridge,Massachusetts,for16years,whileraisingtwodaughters.“IstartedbodybuildingwhenImetStevePfiester,agymguywhopracticedyoga.Heinvitedmetohisgymandofferedtotrainme.IstartedinJanuaryandinJunehetookmetomyfirstcompetitioninBradenton,Florida,”sherecalled.DrSusan'sphotosshowthatshehasdevotedlonghourstotakingcareofherbody.Butshealsodevelopshermindandspirit.Onanygivenday,shegetsupat3amtoreadbooks.At4:30amshe'souttowalkthreemilesandrunanotherthree.Thisisfollowedbyyogaandaswimatthebeachwhilethesunrises.Afterwritingherjournalandworkingonherbookbetween8and10am,shehitsthegymforatleasttwohours.“Idon'tlosetrackoftime,”shesaid.DrSusan'swaronageismhasrubbedoffonhertwodaughters,bothintheirearlythirties.“Theybothtakecareoftheirbodiesandminds.Ifyougivethemagoodfoundationasaparent,youknowthattheywillalwayscomebacktotheirroots.Itriedtoremindmyselfofthatduringtheirdifficultteenyears.”1．What'sDrSusan'sopiniononage?A．Agecannotbehidden. B．Ageisastateofmind.C．Everyagehasitspainsandsorrows. D．Oldageisnotsuitableforfurtherstudy.2．WhatmadeDrSusanstartbodybuilding?A．Theneedofherjob. B．Heryouthfuldream.C．StevePfiester'sinfluence. D．Herdaughters'encouragement.3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDrSusan'smorningschedule?A．Dull. B．Tight.C．Flexible. D．Controversial.4．WhatcanbeinferredaboutDrSusanfromthelastparagraph?A．Shewillsetupafitnessfoundation. B．Shewillsoonreturntoretirement.C．Sheoftenthinksofherteenageyears. D．Shesetsanexampletoherdaughters.【答案】BCBD【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。71歲的Susan博士用自己的親身經(jīng)歷證明：年齡不應(yīng)該成為老年人追求美好生活的障礙。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Susan博士說的話“Peopleusuallylimitthemselvesbyage,andit'sdiscouraging.Withage,Iremainyoungatheart.（人們通常會受年齡的限制，這很令人沮喪。隨著年齡的增長，我的心仍然年輕。）”可推斷，她認(rèn)為年齡只是一種心境。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“IstartedbodybuildingwhenImetStevePfiester,agymguywhopracticedyoga.（當(dāng)我遇到史蒂夫·菲斯特(StevePfiester)時，我開始了健身生涯。）”可知，Susan博士是在StevePfiester的影響下開始健身的。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Onanygivenday,shegetsupat3amtoreadbooks.At4:30amshe'souttowalkthreemilesandrunanotherthree.Thisisfollowedbyyogaandaswimatthebeachwhilethesunrises.Afterwritingherjournalandworkingonherbookbetween8and10am,shehitsthegymforatleasttwohours.（在任何一天，她都是凌晨3點起床讀書。早上4:30，她出去走三英里，再跑三英里。然后是在太陽升起的時候在海灘上做瑜伽和游泳。在早上8點到10點之間寫完日記和書之后，她會去健身房鍛煉至少兩個小時。）”可推斷，Susan博士每天上午把時間安排得非常緊湊：讀書、健身、寫作等都不耽誤。故選B。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“DrSusan'swaronageismhasrubbedoffonhertwodaughters,bothintheirearlythirties.（蘇珊博士反對年齡歧視的斗爭影響了她的兩個女兒，她們都才三十出頭。）”和第二句“Ifyougivethemagoodfoundationasaparent,youknowthattheywillalwayscomebacktotheirroots.Itriedtoremindmyselfofthatduringtheirdifficultteenyears.（如果你給他們一個作為父母的良好基礎(chǔ)，你知道他們總會回到他們的根。在他們艱難的青少年時期，我試圖提醒自己這一點。）”可推斷，Susan博士為兩個女兒樹立了良好的榜樣。故選D。（B）完形填空IwasheadingtowardsmyfavoriteCDstorewhenadisplayinashopwindowcaughtmyeye.Uponcloser____21____,Irealizedthepaintingwasajigsawpuzzle,andtheshopwasfullofsuchpuzzles.WhenIsteppedinside,Ifoundmyselfsuddenly____22____backtomychildhoodyears.Longagoonlongsummerdaysinmyhometown,mysistersandI,wellbeforethe____23____ofcellphonesandvideogames,wouldspendtheafternoons____24____jigsawpuzzlesofcolorfulwaterfallsandothernatural____25____.Manydecadeslater,asI____26____shelfaftershelfofpuzzles,Iwondered:Couldfittingthemtogethertodaybeas____27____asinbygoneyears?Indeed,thetwopuzzlesIpurchasedwerejustasfunasthoseofthepast.ButIfoundthatIhad____28____skillsoverthedecadesthatpreparedmetobettercompletethepuzzlesnowand____29____thedeepvalueofthispastime.IknewIwouldneedaneagle’seyefordifferentcolormatchesanddistinguishingdetailsinthe_____30_____forjusttherightpiece.Andwhenthepuzzlesseemedextremely_____31_____,Isimplytookabreak,returnedrefreshed,and_____32_____foundthepiecethathadlongescapedme.Amongthevaluablelessonsandrewardsthatthesepuzzlesofferisthat_____33_____andwillpowerareenhanced(提高).Butwhatismostbeneficialishowwelookforanswersorclues,workingtirelesslytofindthe_____34_____fit.It’sanapproachthatpaysoffwhenmeetingany_____35_____thatlifepresents.21．A．connection B．inspection C．comparison D．location22．A．kept B．put C．held D．brought23．A．a(chǎn)ppearance B．loss C．growth D．operation24．A．finding B．watching C．solving D．building25．A．wonders B．resources C．conditions D．disasters26．A．checkedout B．stormedinto C．glancedthrough D．wentafter27．A．demanding B．exciting C．confusing D．shocking28．A．learned B．ignored C．forgotten D．required29．A．share B．explain C．predict D．a(chǎn)ppreciate30．A．exchange B．preparation C．search D．reward31．A．strange B．impressive C．flexible D．difficult32．A．conveniently B．quickly C．intentionally D．frequently33．A．bravery B．a(chǎn)mbition C．patience D．intelligence34．A．typical B．normal C．important D．perfect35．A．challenge B．requirement C．surprise D．deadline【答案】1．B

2．D

3．A

4．C

5．A

6．C

7．B

8．A

9．D

10．C

11．D

12．B

13．C

14．D

15．A【文章大意】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講述了作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個售賣拼圖的商店，這家店里的拼圖使作者想起了童年和姐妹們一起拼圖的時光。于是，作者又買了兩個拼圖，試圖找回當(dāng)初的興奮和激動，但隨著時間過去，他早已學(xué)會了拼圖的技巧，也認(rèn)識到了其中的人生哲理：耐心，意志力，最重要的還有尋找答案或線索的方式，不知疲倦地尋找完美的契合。1．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：仔細(xì)一看，我意識到這幅畫是一幅拼圖，而店里到處都是這樣的拼圖。A.connection聯(lián)系；B.inspection查看；C.comparison比較；D.location位置。根據(jù)前文“inashopwindow(在商店櫥窗里)”以及后文“Irealized…(我意識到……)”可推知，作者是走近仔細(xì)看了之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)那是一個拼圖游戲。故選B項。2．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我走進去時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己突然被帶回到了童年時代。A.kept保持；B.put放置；C.held拿著；D.brought帶來。根據(jù)后文“mysistersandI,wellbeforethe____3____ofcellphonesandvideogames,wouldspendtheafternoons____4____jigsawpuzzlesofcolorfulwaterfalls…(在手機和電子游戲還沒有出現(xiàn)之前，我和姐姐們會花一個下午的時間玩彩色瀑布和其他自然奇觀的拼圖游戲……)”可知，作者的童年總是會和姐妹們一起玩拼圖游戲，因此，這家店里的拼圖使作者想到往事，把作者帶回了童年。動詞短語bringback“使……回憶起來”。故選D項。3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：很久以前，在我家鄉(xiāng)漫長的夏日里，在手機和電子游戲還沒有出現(xiàn)之前，我和姐姐們會花一個下午的時間解決彩色瀑布和其他自然奇觀的拼圖游戲。A.appearance出現(xiàn)；B.loss損失；C.growth成長；D.operation操作。根據(jù)后文“wouldspendtheafternoons____4____jigsawpuzzlesofcolorfulwaterfallsandothernatural____5____(會花一個下午的時間解決彩色瀑布和其他自然奇觀的拼圖游戲)”可知，拼圖游戲應(yīng)該是在手機和電子游戲還沒有出現(xiàn)前作者他們主要用來消遣的游戲。故選A項。4．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：很久以前，在我家鄉(xiāng)漫長的夏日里，在手機和電子游戲還沒有出現(xiàn)之前，我和姐姐們會花一個下午的時間解決彩色瀑布和其他自然奇觀的拼圖游戲。A.finding發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.watching觀看；C.solving解決；D.building建造。根據(jù)后文賓語“jigsawpuzzles”意為“拼圖”可知，拼圖游戲是有一定難度的，應(yīng)是動詞“solving”。故選C項。5．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：很久以前，在我家鄉(xiāng)漫長的夏日里，在手機和電子游戲還沒有出現(xiàn)之前，我和姐姐們會花一個下午的時間解決彩色瀑布和其他自然奇觀的拼圖游戲。A.wonders奇觀；B.resources資源；C.conditions環(huán)境；D.disasters災(zāi)難。此處與前文“colorfulwaterfalls(色彩斑斕的瀑布)”相呼應(yīng)，這里應(yīng)是自然奇觀。故選A項。6．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：幾十年后，當(dāng)我瀏覽一書架又一書架的拼圖時，我在想：今天把它們拼在一起是否還會像過去那樣令人興奮？A.checkedout結(jié)賬離開；B.stormedinto非常氣憤地進入；C.glancedthrough瀏覽；D.wentafter追逐。根據(jù)后文賓語“shelfaftershelfofpuzzles”意為“一書架又一書架的拼圖”可推知，在這家店里，作者看著如此多的拼圖，有了些想法，與“看”有關(guān)的短語為C項“glancedthrough”。故選C項。7．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾十年后，當(dāng)我瀏覽一書架又一書架的拼圖時，我在想：今天把它們拼在一起是否還會像過去那樣令人興奮？A.demanding要求高的；B.exciting令人興奮的；C.confusing令人困擾的；D.shocking令人震驚的。根據(jù)后文“inbygoneyears”可知，作者將自己現(xiàn)在拼圖的感受與童年時期拼圖的感受相對比，那時他們可以花一下午的時間拼圖，可見那時他們拼圖時很興奮。故選B項。8．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但我發(fā)現(xiàn)，在過去的幾十年里，我學(xué)到了一些技能，讓我現(xiàn)在能夠更好地完成這些拼圖，并理解到這項消遣活動的深層價值。A.learned學(xué)習(xí)；B.ignored忽略；C.forgotten忘記；D.required要求。根據(jù)后文“thatpreparedmetobettercompletethepuzzlesnow(這讓我現(xiàn)在能夠更好地完成拼圖)”可知，作者的拼圖技能由所提高，由此可知，隨著時間過去，他已經(jīng)學(xué)會了技能。故選A項。9．考查動詞