西安3D打印分享提高你的3D打印成功率五大技及西安歷史街區(qū)的保護(hù)與更新

西安3D打印分享提高你的3D打印成功率五大技巧使用3D打印機(jī)打印輸出，如何做到更完美的打印效果呢？幾個實(shí)用的3D打印小技巧讓你的3D打印成功率更高。下面這些小技巧，如果您能更好的掌握與運(yùn)用，會讓您的3D打印機(jī)3D打印成功率更高。一、盡量自己設(shè)計打印底座、盡量避免在設(shè)計時使用支撐材料,雖然支撐用的演算法隨著時間一直在進(jìn)步，但是支撐材料在去除后仍會在模型上留下很丑的印記，而去除的過程也會非常耗時。盡量在沒有支撐材料的幫助下設(shè)計你的模型，讓它可以直接進(jìn)行3D打印。二、了解自己模型的細(xì)節(jié)，有沒有一些微小的凸出物或是零件因?yàn)樘《鵁o法使用桌面型3D打印機(jī)打印呢？在你的打印機(jī)中，有一個很重要但常常被忽略的變數(shù)，那就是線寬。線寬是由打印機(jī)噴頭的直徑來決定的，大部分的打印機(jī)擁有直徑是0.4mm或是0.5mm的噴頭。事實(shí)上，3D打印機(jī)畫出來的圓，大小都會是線寬的兩倍。舉例來說：一個0.4mm的噴頭畫出來的圓最小直徑是0.8mm，而0.5mm的噴頭畫出來的最小直徑則是1mm。三、記住45度法則，任何超過45度的突出物都需要額外的支撐材料或是高明的建模技巧來完成模型打印，設(shè)計你自己的支撐或連結(jié)物件（錐形物或是其他的支撐材料），并將它們設(shè)計進(jìn)你的模型之中。四、調(diào)整打印方向以求最佳精度，永遠(yuǎn)以可行的最佳分辨率方向來做為你的模型打印方向。如果有需要，可以將模型切成好幾個區(qū)塊來打印，然后再重新組裝。五、根據(jù)壓力來源調(diào)整打印的方向，受力施加在模型上時，我們要保持模型不會毀壞。確保你的打印方向以減少應(yīng)力集中在部分區(qū)域，我們可以調(diào)整打印的方向讓打印線垂直于應(yīng)力施加處。同樣的原理也可以運(yùn)用在常用來打印大型模型的ABS樹脂上，在打印的過程中，這些大型模型可能會因?yàn)樵诖蛴∨_上冷卻的關(guān)系而沿著Z軸的方向裂開。通過上述這幾點(diǎn)小技巧，如果在打印時熟練掌握了，會讓你的3D打印成功率更高！西安3D打印機(jī)斷耗材和擠出器打滑的解決方法3D打印過程中出現(xiàn)斷耗材原因：（1）擠出器卡太緊參數(shù)設(shè)置錯誤（2）耗材質(zhì)量（3）溫度解決方法：（1）擠出器卡太緊的情況下會把耗材頂出痕跡來一旦產(chǎn)生打滑的現(xiàn)象容易斷耗材，參數(shù)設(shè)置過大擠出器送料快而把耗材擠斷。（2）部分廠家的耗材質(zhì)量不合格很容易斷掉親們在選購耗材時要注意了。（3）通常我用PLA和ABS兩種耗材氣溫的變化使耗材也有了不同程度的變化，冬天氣溫較低建議大家用全封閉的打印機(jī)，有空調(diào)的盡量開啟暖風(fēng)。個人解決方法：通常出現(xiàn)耗材斷裂3mm的耗材我是用打火機(jī)把耗材兩端燒熔對接1.75mm的就要把耗材快速的插入到送料管道內(nèi)。擠出器俗稱（送料器）出現(xiàn)打滑原因有兩種：a、堵頭b、參數(shù)設(shè)置問題解決：a：堵頭，我在上述已經(jīng)回答過堵頭的解決方法。b：參數(shù)設(shè)置，參數(shù)設(shè)置很重要，設(shè)置高的話擠出速度過快噴嘴，出料慢就會出現(xiàn)咔咔的打滑聲；設(shè)置小的話打印出來的模型會出現(xiàn)粘接不好，一碰就斷的現(xiàn)象。一般減速機(jī)用的都是42減速電機(jī)而減速比是1：5.2如果打印3mm耗材的話個人設(shè)置是：370打印1.75mm耗材是420。當(dāng)然根據(jù)自己機(jī)型的不同自行換算修改。備注：3D打印機(jī)耗材個人用過3mm及1.75mm兩種耗材需要修改配置文件，修改方法根據(jù)擠出器電機(jī)減速比和送耗材齒輪齒數(shù)換算得出結(jié)果修改。StudyonConservationandRevivaloftheHistoricSite——CaseStudyofShunchengAlleyProjectinXi’ZhuWenlongDepartmentofArchitectureXi’anXi’anDepartmentofArchitectureChinaXuzhoue-mail:zhuk9@163.comAbstract—Xi’anwasoncecalledChang’anandhasnearly1100-yearhistoryasthecapitalofChina.TheShuyuanmenblocklocatedinsidetheSouthGatealongthecitywallwasbuiltintheMingDynasty,whichiswellknownasthequarterofcultureandeducationinthepast.Atpresenttherearesomehistoricandmonumentalbuildingsscatteringover,suchastheConfuciusTempleandStelesoftheSongDynasty,thecitywalloftheMingDynastyandtheBaoqingsiPagodaofQingDynastyetc.Undertheeffectofthestrategyofpassiveprotectiononthehistoricsitesinthelatestyears,thestatusofhistoricblockhasbeentheeverworse,theresidentialenvironmentdeteriorationandthelivingqualitydegradationmadetheareaanneglectedpartintheprocessofurbandevelopment.Thereforethispaperpointsouttheconservationofhistoriccityshouldimplementamorepositiveurbanstrategy.TheconservationofhistoriccityandtherevivaloftraditionalculturedeservetoberelatedwiththeKeywords-“ImperialCityRenaissance”plan,historicblock,conservationXi’anCityProfileFig.1RelocatingofXi’“ImperialCityRenaissance”PlanofUrbanDevelopmentStrategy"ImperialCityRenaissance"planputforwardbasedonthefourthurbanplanningofXi’ancity.Regionof"ImperialCity"referstothecapitalofTangdynasty—Chang’anlocatedinsouthwestofMingdynasty’scity,themiyagiofitlocatedinnorthwest,togetherwithDamingPalaceregioninthenorthwest,whichisanareaabout941squarekilometers(Fig.2)."ImperialCityRenaissance"planaimedatstudyingoutthelong-termdevelopmentplanning--for30to50years--forthedevelopmentoftheseregions.BasedonthehistoricalandculturalconnotationandurbanformoftheancientcityoftheMingandQingdynasties,theurbanplanningistoreneworrebuildtraditionalhistoricblockgraduallywiththecharacteristicsoftheancientcity’sform,withtheaimofthecurrentdevelopmentofthecommercialcity,tourism,scienceandtechnologyandtheprotectionoftheoldcity.Asaresult,wecanrevivifyhistoricalandculturalfeaturesofXiThepreliminaryideaoftheplanningof"ImperialCityRenaissance"isthatspacestructureofoldcityareashavebeendividedthespacecenteroftheoldcity,Shunchengtouristyavenue,coordinationareasofurbanfunctionandareasofenteringthecity.Thefourmainstreetsofeast,west,south,northconstitutetheaxisofcenterarea,andtheclocktower,thedrumtowerandcitygatesassymbols,standfortheimageoftheregion(Fig.3).ShunchengAvenueTouristyZoneisthealleysnearthecitywall.ThezoneisthattheancientcitywallsofMingdynastywasasmorphologicalborderoftheancientcity,andbecomingintothetourismdevelopmentzone,ensuringurbanhistoryformandtheoverallprotectionoftheculturalheritageandperformance,constructingtheinteractivezoneofthecurrentsceneandthehistoricscene.CoordinationofcityfunctionlocatedbetweenthedevelopingcitycenterandShunchengalleytouristyzonewillholdbackandimprovetheexistingcityfunctions,andharmonizetherelationshipofthedevelopingcitycenterzoneandShunchengalleytouristyzone,forprovidingsocialvitalityforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheoldcity.TheboundsofthezoneofenteringintheancientcityisthecitywallofMingdynasty,gatetower,amoat,parkaroundthecityandcitywallitself.Thegateofeast,west,south,northandtherosefinchgatewasasthesignsofthezoneofenteringintheancientcity,andofferingtrafficconversionandtourismservicefacilities.Fig.2Regionof"ImperialIn"ImperialCityRenaissance"plantheformoftheancientcityisembodiedbytheChinesecharacterof"田"thathasthethreemeanings.Firstly,itexpressestheoriginalconceptofregionalgovernanceoftheancientChinese"farmland".Secondly,intheancientcityoftheMingandQingdynasties,"crossstreets"--theconceptofthe"axisofcity"(North-SouthStreet)and"axisofmarket"(West-EastStreet)whichis"urban"imageintraditionalChineseculture.Thirdly,ShunchengAlleyalongtherampartinboardwillbecomeintotheringtouristybelt,anditskillfullyfarmsabstractconceptofcityintoaformofvisualperceptionbythepublic.Therefore,thestructureof"田"gaveacitythemostappropriateandcoherent"virtual"expressionfrompictographicChinesecharactersmeaning.Inaddition,accordingtoKevinLynch’sfiveelementsofthe"cityimage"—historicstreetsasthedistrict,traditionalcrossstreetandlanewayastheroutes,runningcitywallasboundary,highlargegatetowerasnodeandbelltoweranddrumtowerassymbols,cancomeintoacompleteimageoftheoldhistoricalandculturalcityofXi’an.Fig.3theSpaceStructureofOldTheCharacterofShuyuanmenHistoricBlockLocatedinsidethesouthgatealongthecitywall,TheShuyuanmenhistoricalblockwasbuiltintheMingdynasty,coveringanareaof19hectares.TheexperimentalprojectbelongstoapartofShunchengalleytouristyzone,knownasShunchengalleyfromtheSouthGatetotheWenchangGate.Thelengthfromeasttowestis131.26meters,and96.25meterswidenorth-south,withanareaof10045.5m2.Theaveragelevelofreliefsitesis1.4meterslowerthanthatofShunchengroadwayand13.5meterslowerthanthatofAtpresenttherearesomehistoricandmonumentalbuildingsscatteringover,suchastheConfuciusTempleandMuseumofSteles,theCityWalloftheMingdynastyandtheBaoqingsipagodaofQingDynastyetc.whichisthemosttypicalhistoricalblock(Fig.Fig.4SpatialStructureofsomeHistoric&MonumentalBuildingsScatteringOverAmongthem,Xi’anStelesMuseumwasdevelopedonthebasisoftheConfuciusTemple,whichwasbuiltin1090A.DofnorthernSongDynasty,whichhasbeenrestoredandaddedmorestelesintheYuan,MingandQingdynasties.Themuseumhousesthemostabundantstelesandtabletsofmorethan2300piecesintheareaof12,60m2.SouthgatetowerofthecitywallisthemainentrancetotheancientcityofXi’an,whichwasbuiltin1370ofMingDynasty,andwasbuiltontheruinsofAnshanggateoftheforbiddenCityofTangDynasty.Itisnationalprotectiondepartmentofculturalrelics.Today,however,itistheceremonyspottowelcomestateguestsaswellasthemostimportantvisitingspotforwall,WhereTheGuanzhongShuyuanbagantobebuiltin1609ofMingDynastybyFengCongwu,aleadingfigureofConfucianisminGuanzhong,whichwasrankedfirstplaceamongthefouracademiesofGansuandShaanxi.Existingareais34,000m2,anditisprovincialprotectiondepartmentofculturalrelicTheBaoqingsiPagodawasbuiltin836-840ofTangDynasty.ButthetemplewasdestroyedinabattletodestroyBuddhismin845.TheBaoqingsipagodawasmendedin1450ofMingDynastyand1791ofQingDynasty.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,thepagodause5-colorsbricksandtraditionalcalledsomeflowerstower.Nowtheseven--floorspagodaishexagonalpavilion-stylebricktower--23metershigh,whichistheprovincialdepartmentofprotectingculturalrelic.ShuyuanmenhistoricblockhasalwaysbeenregardedasgroundsforintellectualswhereacademiesandschoolswereestablishedsuchasGuanzhongAcademy,XianProvinceSchool,Chang’anCountySchoolandXian’ningCountySchool,whichisatypicalareaofancientChineseeducation.Nowadays,themajorityoftheresidentsherehaveengagedinbusinessandshops,tosellthefourtreasuresofthestudy,culturalrelicsandcalligraphyandpainting.TheblockhasbecomeacommercialdistrictwithastrongauraoftIn1992allbuildingsonthebothsidesofShuyuanmenwererebuilt,andtransformedintothetraditionalarchitecturalstyle,astheAntiqueStreet.However,about100meterssouthofthebelt—fromShuyuanmenStreettotherampart—becametheignoredsectionofthecitydevelopmentbecauseitisinaremotearea.Overcrowdedpopulationovercrowd,unhealthylivingconditions,randomlybuilthutshaveseriouslyaffectedthevisualenvironmentofthecitywall,withThedataobtainedthroughinvestigation,thattheprojectsiteslive550residents,142families,allresidentshavingtheareaof18.2m2percapita.Themostresidentsareengagedindividualbusinesses,whouseforecourtsorgroundfloorasshopsorworkshops,andthebackyardorupperaslivingspace.Becauseitisbackstreetarea,withadsorbresidentialmanagement,andthebuildingwasrandomlystructures.Thetraditionalcourtyardshavebeenfadedintohodgepodgehouses,whichmadethehistoriccityscapeconfusingandannoying.ThehistoriccityscaperetainedisonlythestructureofthealleysandcourtyardsscalePlanningConceptsandStrategiesTheoldconceptofthehistoricaldistrictprotectionistopaymoreattentiontotheprotectionandpreservationofmaterialheritage,suchasoldstreet,ancientbuildingsandruins.Materialheritageisthedirecttargetofprotection.However,asawarenessoftheneedtoprotecttheheritageofprogressinthepromotionandprotectionmethods,non-materialheritageprotectionhasreceivedincreasingattentionandisstrengthened.Inmanyhistoricalcities,therearemanynon-materialheritageinadditiontotheimportantmateriallegacyincludingthelivingform,industryway,livinghabits,andevendiet,dialects,drama,songs,whicharefollowedgenerationandgeneration,etc.,andthesesubstancescanbeconsideredtoreflectthelocaltraditionalculture,whichisreflectedinthematerialcultureofthetraditionalvirtueofthelocalpeople'slive.Therefore,theytakeonnon-materialculturalheritagefeatures.Thestrategyofhistoricdistrictsshouldbenotonlytoprotectthematerialheritage,butalsotopayattentiontotheprotectionofnon-materialheritage.Materialheritageisthebaseofnon-materialheritage,whichisthesoulofmaterialheritage.Theyarecorrelativetoexist.Ahistoriccityorblock,wheretherearenoformlocalresidents,industry,livingcustoms,dialectsandlocaldrama,wouldlackofanindigenoustraditionalculture.Theresultsarethatthecityorblockwillbecomeadeadcitymuseumornoisyarchaicwonderland.Basedontheaboverationale,wecanbeconvincedofthat:inthisproject,weshouldpayattentiontotheprotectionandpreservationofheritageofbothmaterialandnon-materialheritageofthehistoricblock.Materialheritagepreservetheformofhistoricalurban,andnon-materiallegacycouldinfusethesoulandvigourintothehistoryofthecity.Therefore,materialprotectionisnotsimplytheconceptofcompleteprotection.Soweinstitutethreestrategiesthroughfieldstudiesandsurveys:ThefirstStrategyistostrengthentherelationbetweenthematerialandnon-materialheritage.Wewouldpreservenon-materialformofthetraditionalculturethroughusingtoimprovementofmaterialconditionsofhistoricblock.Therefore,inthepilotprojectmaterialheritageadvancedincludethestructureofalleys,thescaleofcourtyard,andstyleofthetraditionalarchitecture.Theelementsofthenon-materialheritageputforwardhavethetraditionalmarketfunction,thetraditionalworkshops,theformoftraditionallivingandthetraditionalscenesoflife(Fig.5).（1）StreetscapeA（2）StreetscapeB（3）StreetscapeC（4）StreetscapeDFig.5theStreetscapeofShuyuanBlockThesecondStrategyisinharmonywiththeenvironmentaround.Atpresenttherearesomehistoricandmonumentalbuildingsscatteringover,whichposeaclearandcarefulcontextualnetworkandhavethesteersrighttoenvironmentofhistoricblockaswellasdeterminethefunctions,characteristicsofthetimes,toneandstyleofotherbuildingsintheblock.Therefore,thepilotprojectistorebuildconstruction,inharmonywiththeenvironmentstyleandbeconsistentwiththecontextualnetwork(Fig.6).Fig.6theSurroundingLandscapeArchitectureThethirdstrategyisresonancetoCity'seconomicdevelopment,whichisthekeytotheprotectionofhistoricalblockandrejuvenationoftraditionalculture.Thepilotprojectsshouldbebasedonurbandevelopment,whichsamestrategicgoalswithurbandevelopment.Onthebasisoftheprotectionofourgoalisthattheeconomicvitalityistoberejuvenatedinhistoricblock,environmentalqualityistobeimprovedandstandardsoflivingistobeimprovedincities.theSummaryofDesignMethodsandModelRoadsystemofShuyuanmenhistoricblockalmostmaintainpatternoftheMingandQingdynastiesintegrally.Therearesomecharacteristicsofthestreetandresidencesystemasfollows:Thepublicstreetsarestraightandacross-town,andthenarrowlanesleadingtohousesaremostlyshortandnarrowandlinkuptheroad.Theborderofmostoftheresidenceisdemarcatedbythecourtyard,andthelayoutofhousingshouldbesubordinatedtothecourtyardspaceinshape.Therefore,thedistancefromthepublicspacetotheirownhousesiscomposedoffour,whichare"Streetalley,courtyardandhouse".Thisfeatureiscalled"LongStreetandShortAlley"and"aHouseBuiltintheYard".Inarchitecturaldesign,afeaturehasbeenretainedconsciously,eventurningsomeofthestreetsaredeliberatelypreserved.ThespacerebuiltfullyreflectsthespatialcharacteristicsoftheancientcityoftheMingandQingdynasties(Fig.7).CourtyarddwellingisabasicformoftraditionalhousesinShuyuanmenhistoricblock.Sincethe1950s,thekindoflivingof"Single-familylivinginayard"modewasreplacedbythe"Many-familieslivinginayard".Webelievethatwithanincreaseintheurbanpopulationandthedecreaseinland,thismodeofliving--"Many-familieslivinginayard"--isaninevitableresultofdevelopment.Therefore,thecourtyarddwellingisthemostfundamentalformofdomesticformfortheembodimentofthetraditionalarchitecturalculture.Thisformisconnectedwiththecontextualenvironmentiscoordinationandappropriate.Nomatterthestyleorthecharacteristicsofthetimes,theimagerywouldhaveledtomisunderstanding.Buttoday,Fig.7theSpacerelationsthequalityoflivingof"Many-familieslivinginayard"shouldbesuperiortothepreviousthelivingstandards.Eachhouseholdhasnotonlyhadthebusinessspace,butalsohavecityapartmentsofthelivingroom,bedroom,kitchen,andtoilet.Toprotectthecontextualenvironment,itisnecessarythatwebuildthetraditionalformhousebymodernmaterials.Thebuilding’sformsimulatesthetraditionaldwellings,forexamplesingle-pitchedordouble-pitchedroofwithstepgable,cyan’stileandgray'sfastigium,whichcreatetheroofcharacteristicsoftheformofrichlayers.Traditionalwindowsanddoors,thewallsurfaceoftiebrick,carvingdecorativebrick,thepavementofbluestone,havebeeninheritedcreativelytraditionalarchitecturalculture,andreflectlocalarchitecturaltraditionsandculturalcharacteristics.Incontrasttoasurroundingseriesofhistoricalrelicsincludingrampart,ancienttower,theConfuciusTemple,theSteleMuseum,etc.,thesesbuildingsrebuilthavebeenembodiedastyleandfeatureofeverydayness(Fig.8).ForShuyuanmenhistoricblock,itisnecessarytomaintainthefunctionofitstraditionalmarkets,residents,livingSceneandmarketenvironment,toensuretheintegrityofhistoricalneighborhoodsfromformtocontent.Therefore,whenrebuildingtheblock,wemustreturnthefunctionofthetraditionalmarketsandregardtothehandic