考研英語翻譯

考研英語翻譯課件評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：5個小題，每題2分，共10分。如果句子譯文明顯扭曲原文意義，該句得分最多不超過0.5分。如果就一個題目提供了兩個或兩個以上的譯法，若均正確，給分；如果其中一個譯法有錯，按錯誤譯法評分。中文錯別字不個別扣分，按整篇累計扣分。在不影響意思的前提下，滿三個錯別字扣0.5分，無0.25扣分。命題原則題材偏向?qū)I(yè)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn)，以議論文和說明文為主，字?jǐn)?shù)在400-450字之間。所選題材偏向文科社會科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，而且考的都是熱點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。只考長難句，平均長度是30字左右。考研翻譯的方法直譯：對初學(xué)者而言，需要注意不能把直譯和“字字對譯”混淆。如果把一個英語詞與一個漢語詞對號入座，反而會扭曲原文的意思，而且不通暢，達(dá)不到考研英語翻譯基本要求。直譯HoneymoonHotlineGenetherapyEasycome,easygoBeggarsmustnotbechoosersDeadmentellnotalesChainreaction意譯：由于英漢兩種語言中的詞匯、語法結(jié)構(gòu)、表達(dá)方法及整個謀篇布局都不同，因此在翻譯過程中，英語和漢語在形式和內(nèi)容上都構(gòu)不成等同，這時候需要把英語原文的意義進(jìn)行解釋性的翻譯。意譯指的是從原文的意義出發(fā)，將英語所表達(dá)的意義用漢語做解釋，翻譯過程不需要過分遵守原文語言形式。意譯Bull’seyesMilkywayAsmuteasafishAsstrongasahorseAscoolascucumberAscloseasanoysterAsintimateasthieves意譯YouareaswiseasSolomonHehadonefootinthegraveHewaseloquent,elegant,butsoftAdoctormusthavetheheartofalionandthehandofalady直譯和意譯的關(guān)系直譯著重原文和譯文在表達(dá)形式和意義上的結(jié)合，而意譯更注重意義的通順。在考研翻譯過程中，在不違背漢語語言規(guī)范的前提下，應(yīng)該盡量采用直譯的方法，即能直譯就直譯。但是，因為英漢兩種語言差異較大，如果直譯出來的結(jié)果不通順或者不符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，就需要采用意譯的方法把英語原文意思表達(dá)清楚?？佳杏⒄Z常見的翻譯情況處理定語從句的翻譯狀語從句的翻譯主語從句的翻譯被動語態(tài)的翻譯代詞的翻譯雙重否定的翻譯詞義選擇和詞義引申定語從句的翻譯技巧前置法—適用于定語較短的情況Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingalltheotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfantasies.Evenwhenhomelessindividualsmanagetofindashelterthatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachdaywonderingthestreet.定語從句翻譯技巧重復(fù)法—適用于定語較長的情況Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofhumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadeifnotcenturies.重復(fù)法becausetheyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedtheconfidencethatcomesfromacheivingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsareadmiredbyothers.定語從句翻譯技巧狀譯法—譯成狀語，前提是構(gòu)成因果或其他關(guān)系Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelopshisorhercapacityforappropriterespnseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment狀譯法Creatinga"Europeanidentity"(歐洲品牌)thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrtegicchoice.狀譯法TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.狀譯法Forexample,standardizedtestsdonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderpreviledgedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.主語從句的翻譯技巧it作形式主語+Ved翻譯成人們。。。itisassumeditisagreedit作形式主語+adj翻譯成。。。的是itisobviousitissignificantItisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathmaticalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyifdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.被動語態(tài)的翻譯技巧翻譯成主動Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturepastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueabddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed-andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.雙重否定的翻譯技巧翻譯成肯定Thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Perhapsthereisnooneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionacomplextrainofreasoning代詞的翻譯明確翻譯出代詞所指Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguists,FranzBoasEdwardSapir,werepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguagesYouhaveallhearditrepeatedthatmanofscienceworkbymeansofinductionanddeduction,thatbythehelpoftheseoperations,they,inasortofsense,managetoextractfromnaturecertainnaturallaws,andaccordingtothese,bysomespecialskilloftheirown,theybuilduptheirtheories.帶than的句子翻譯More...than...MoreAthanB翻譯成是A而不是BThecomplexityofthehumansituationandtheinjusticeofthesocialorderdemandfarmorefundamentalchangesinthebasicstructureofsocietyitselfthansomepoliticiansarewillingtoadmitintheirspeeches.Less...than...LessAthanB翻譯成是B而不是A，與其說是A，不如說是BScience,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.Otherthan和ratherthanRatherthan而不是Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitywhips,computerswithin-builtpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantool