2022年中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案：代詞

2022年中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案：代詞代詞的概念：代詞是代替名詞、的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞(he/she)、物主代詞(my/his)、反身代詞(themselves,herself)、指示代詞(this/that/these/those)、相互代詞(eachother)、不定代詞(someone/everything)、疑問代詞（who/what）等?？键c(diǎn)一：首先注意人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞的各種形式名稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人稱代詞主格Iyouhe,she,itthey賓格youusyou物主代詞形容詞性myhis,her,itsyourtheir名詞性ourstheirs反身代詞myselfyourselfourselves【中考真題再現(xiàn)】()1._____ismyson.Doyouliketoplaywith______?A.You,youB.She,herC.I,meD.He,him()2.--Isthis____ruler?---No._____isoverthere.A.her,HerB.her,HersC.hers,HersD.hers,He考點(diǎn)二：人稱代詞的主格和賓格的區(qū)別【例句觀察】1)Heissokindthatwealllikehim.2)Sheisillinhospitalandhermotherislookingafterher.【歸納總結(jié)】人稱代詞的主格作主語，放在_________之前；賓格作賓語，放在________或________之后；記憶技巧:主語用主格，賓語用賓格，屬于誰所有用所有格?！局锌颊骖}再現(xiàn)】()1therisillinbed.Ihavetolookafter______athome.A.heB.hisC.him考點(diǎn)三：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別【例句觀察】1)Thisismybag,andthatisyours(=yourbag).2)Theirschoolismuchbiggerthanours(ourschool).【歸納總結(jié)】形容詞性物主代詞只能作_________(定語/表語)，修飾后面所接的_______；而名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“_______________+_______”，其后_______接名詞？【中考真題再現(xiàn)】()1.—Isthat______dog?–No._______iswhite.s;HisB.her;HisC.he;HisD.her;Her()2.–Oh!einahurryandforgottobringfood.–Itdoesn’tmatter.YoucanhaveEg:Ihadacold.That’swhyIdidn’tcome.()ttosayisthis:pronunciationisveryimportantinlearning.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours考點(diǎn)四：it的用法作形式主語、形式賓語。1)It’s+adj.+(for/ofsb)+todosth.“對(duì)某人來說做某事…”【例句觀察】1）It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。2）It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你來幫助我，你真是太好了?！練w納總結(jié)】fors表示________(人物/事物)的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等；ofsb.常用于一般用表示_______(人物/事物)的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right,humorous,stupid等。3）主語+fake/think/feel)+it(is)+adj.+(forsb)+todosth主語+found(made/thought/felt)+it(was)+adj.+(forsb)+todosth.:Doyouthinkitnecessarytolearntowaitinline?=Doyouthinkitisnecessarytolearntowaitinline?【中考真題再現(xiàn)】()____iskindofhimtogiveusahand.A.ThatB.ItC.YouD.He()2、Ifeel___necessarytohavesportseveryday.A.youB.thatC.itD.itwas2、指嬰兒或不明身份、性別的人以及談話的雙方都知道的人和事。【中考真題再現(xiàn)】()1、Whoisstandingoverthere?________.A.It’smeB.It’sIC.IamD.Iknock()2、Whotman?______mustbeourheadmaster.A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.It’s3、指天氣、時(shí)間或距離等。.:1)Itissunnytoday.Let’sgooutforawalk.2)It’seighto’clocknow.It’stimeforclass.3）It’stenkilometersfrommyhometoschool.考點(diǎn)五：反身代詞不做主語，可作賓語、表語及同位語，必須與被指代的人在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，意義為“本人”、“親自”。反身代詞的必考詞組_____________玩得開心_____________自學(xué)_____________單獨(dú)；獨(dú)自hurtonesel自己_____________照顧某人自己_________照顧某人自己___________________請(qǐng)隨意（吃）……devoteoneselfto(致力于…);____________(自已穿);makeoneselfathome(隨便些,請(qǐng)不要拘束);___________________(讓別人懂得自已的話)____________________蘇醒________________________陶醉于…【中考真題再現(xiàn)】()1.–Hi,guys.Howwasyourpartyyesterday?(2022江蘇南京)--Wonderful!Wehadabigmealandenjoyed_______.A.themselvesB.myselfC.yourselvesD.ourselves()enjoyed______inthepartythedaybeforeyesterday.A.herB.oneselfC.themselvesD.herself()3.—Jim,help_____tosomefruit.----Thankyou!（2022山東聊城）A.youB.yoursC.yourselfD.yourselves()4.Boys,don’tlose________inplayingAngryBirds.Itisbadforyoureyestoplaycomputergamesforalongtime.A.himselfB.yourselfC.themselvesD.yourselves考點(diǎn)六：指示代詞指示代詞包括：this,that,these,those和these一般用來指在時(shí)間或空間上較_______(近、遠(yuǎn))的事物或人；that和those則指時(shí)間或空間上較________(近、遠(yuǎn))的事物或人。2.有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過的事物，this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。3.電話用語通常用this指代自己，that指代對(duì)方4.that指代同一類別中的另一個(gè)，可用來代替可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用those，通常用于含有比較級(jí)別的句子中。5.代詞one,it,that的用法辨析①one指代同一類別中的另一個(gè)，用來代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。②it指代同一個(gè)人或物，代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。③that指代同一類別中的另一個(gè)，可用來代替可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，指代可數(shù)名詞時(shí)其復(fù)數(shù)為those，通常用于含有比較級(jí)別的句子中?！局锌颊骖}再現(xiàn)】()1.______Tom,who________?A.Iam,areyouB.Thisis,isthatC.Iam,isthatD.Thisis,areyou()2.--,______Mr.Green?---Sorry,heisout.Pleasecallhimlater.A.areyouB.youareC.isthatD.isthis()3.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthan____ofRussia.A.thatB.thisC.thoseD.it()4.–Whatkindofhousewouldyoulike?（2022遼寧鞍山）--I’dlike______withagardeninfrontof_______.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;it()’vegeralnovelswrittenbyMoYan.Youcanborrow______ifyoulike.A.itB.oneC.everyD.either考點(diǎn)七：不定代詞some一些any任何的one一個(gè)none一個(gè)沒有many許多every每個(gè)each每個(gè)both兩個(gè)much許多another另一個(gè)either（兩者）任何一個(gè)neither兩個(gè)都不few很少little很少other(s)其余【中考真題再現(xiàn)】()1、etwoforeignteachershere.OneisfromEngland,and____isfromAmerican.A.anotherB.theotherC.otherD.theanother()2.Ihosisters,but_____ofthemisateacher.(2022山東濰坊)A.allB.neitherC.bothD.none()1、Wehaforeignteachershere.OneisfromEngland,and____isfromAmerican.A.anotherB.theotherC.otherD.theanother()2.vetwosisters,but_____ofthemisateacher.(2022山東濰坊)A.allB.neitherC.bothD.none考點(diǎn)八：復(fù)合不定代詞的用法onebodythingsomesomeoneanyeveryeverybodynonothing【例句觀察】①Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情告訴你。（肯定句）②Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想要點(diǎn)兒喝的嗎？（請(qǐng)求）③Ican’tseeanythinginthedarkroom.在這個(gè)黑暗的房間里我什么也看不見。（否定句）④Anythingispossible.一切皆有可能。（肯定句）⑤Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.有問題請(qǐng)問我。（條件句）⑥Everyoneisheretoday.今天大家都來齊了?！練w納總結(jié)】some-類復(fù)合不定代詞及表示________________________疑問句中；any-類復(fù)合不定代詞多用于______、______和_______中，也可用與肯定句中，意為“任何人”或“任何事”。復(fù)合不定代詞被形容詞所修飾時(shí)，形容詞要放在不定代詞的________。(3)不定代詞在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用________________________?！局锌颊骖}再現(xiàn)】()1.If________comestoaskforthisbook,youcansellit.A.someoneB.anyoneC.nothingD.something()2.Iaskedherfor____milk,butshedidn’thave_____.A.any;someB.some;anyC.some;some()3.–Whatdidyoubuyforyourdaughteratthesupermarket?--Ibought_______,becauseIcouldn’tfind______shelikes.A.something;ingB.anything;somethingC.nothing;anythingD.something;nothing考點(diǎn)九：疑問代詞的基本用法1、who(誰，主格)whom(誰，賓格)，whose(誰的，所有格),what(什么)，which(哪個(gè)，哪些)2、Who(Whom)areyoutakingthebookto?(作介詞的賓語)Towhomdidyouspeakonthecampus（校園）?（作介詞的賓語）【中考真題再現(xiàn)】()1、--_____thatnewbikeoverthere?---Ithinkit’s_____.A.Who’s;B.Who’s;Sam’sC.Whoseis;SamD.Whoseis;Sam’s()2、--_____he100tholdattheOlympicGamesforChina?--ZhangYining.She’sfromBeijing.A.WhoB.WhatC.WhenD.Where()3、Exc,__isthewaytothenearestsupermarket?A.whereB.whichC.whyD.who1.中考怎么考？1.—Excusemeisthatmypassport?—Oh,sorry,Itook______bymistake.A.yoursB.mineC.hersD.his2.—Canheaskackforhelp?—Sorry.Heshouldsolvetheproblemby(he).3.—Whatdoantmost?—Aroomof_____own.A.IB.meC.myD.mine2.中考考什么？人稱代詞人稱代詞的主格和賓格意思一樣，用法不同①Heisastudent.(主格，做主語)②Wemusthelphimandlookafterhim.（賓格，在動(dòng)詞help和介詞after后做賓語）Wehavefriehelpusfightagainstpollution,andtreesareoneof____A.themselves B.they C.their D.them【2022重慶市A】Aunwillvisitussoon.______isarrivingtomorrowmorning.A.HeB.SheC.HisD.Her【2022德州】Ican’tfindmyEnglishbook.Couldyouhelp_______findit?A.herB.himC.meD.them【2022聊城】Myfriendshowed_______someoldphotosofhisfamily.A.myB.IC.meD.mine物主代詞形容詞性的物主代詞和名詞性的物主代詞意思一樣，用法不同①形容詞性的物主代詞，后面必須接名詞 例:Thisisherbook.（her后必須接名詞）②名詞性的物主代詞，后面不能接名詞 例:Thisbookishers.（hers后不能接名詞）—Isthis______bike?—No,it’sLily’s.______isoverthere.A.your;MyB.your;MineCyours;MineD.yours;My—Excusethis____newpencilsharpener?—Yes,it’s___.Heboughtitjustnow.A.Tom’B.Tom;hisC.Tom’s;hersD.Tom’s;yoursThat’s______brother’sshirt.Itisn’t_______.A.my,your B.yours,mineC.hers,his D.his,yours—Isthisredbas?—No,itisn’t._____isthatblack.YourB.IC.MyD.Mine復(fù)合不定代詞的用法 ①表示單數(shù) 例:Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike. ②復(fù)合不定代詞+形容詞 例:Thereisnothingnewinthisbook.. ③some一類用于肯定句 例：IhavesomeEnglishbooks. ④any一類用于否定和疑問句， 例：Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?★some和any的特殊用法 ①any可用于肯定句，表示“任何”的意思 例：Youmaytakeanyofthem. 你可以拿走其中的任何一個(gè)。 ②some用于期望得到肯定的回答或請(qǐng)求邀請(qǐng)的問句中例：Wouldyoulikebananas?------Yes,please. 要吃些香蕉嗎？------是的，請(qǐng)拿些給我?！?022湖南益陽】justreadthenewspaper.Didyoufind______init?A.interanythingB.anythinginterestingC.interestingsomething.【2022江蘇蘇州】ourteasmellsgreat!—It’sfromIndia.Wouldyoulike______?A.it B.this C.some D.little【2022河北】30.Youdon’thaveadrink.CanIgetyou?A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything【2022北京】Look!lockhasstopped.Maybethere’s_______wrongwithit.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothingIwaslookiabirthdaygiftformymother,butIcouldn’tfind______suitable.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything【2022濰坊】Acosts_______,butgivessomuch.Soweshouldlearntosmile.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everythingWhat’sthearabout?---It’sabout_____inChina.Andthegovernmenthasworkedwellincontrollingthepopulation.A.somethinrtant B.importantsomething C.anythingimportant反身代詞：oneself某人自己 ①介詞，動(dòng)詞后+反身代詞 例:Hehurthimself.他弄傷了他自己。Hecanlookafterhimself.他能照看他自己。 ②★作同位語，表示“本人，親自”。在主語后面或句尾都可以。 例:Thefarmselfcametoschoolyesterday.=Thefarmercametoschoolyesterdayhimself. 昨天，農(nóng)夫本人親自到學(xué)校來了。 ③反身代詞常用于下列詞組：byoneself獨(dú)自 Helponeselftosth隨便吃東西teachoneself=learn---byoneself自學(xué) enjoyoneself玩的高興【2022廣州】18.Tcalledhisprofessorforhelpbecausehecouldn’tsolvetheproblemby___.A.herself B.himself C.yourself D.themselves【2022長沙】Mysisterisoldenoughtodress______now.A.himself B.herself C.myself【2022重lp______tosomefish,.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself【2022陜西】Don’tworry.We’reoldenoughtolookafter______.A.myselfB.meC.ourselvesD.us【2022濱州】ThesongIBelieveICanFlytellsusthatbelievingin___isveryimportant.A.themselvesB.itselfC.ourselvesD.yourselvesIguessTomandhissisterCeliaenjoyed________attheparty.A.myself B.himself C.herself D.themselvesit的用法：①表示時(shí)間：Itis6:30now.現(xiàn)在時(shí)間是6：30.②表示天氣：Itisverycoldtoday.今天天氣很冷。③表示距離：Itis5kilometersfromheretoschool.從這里到學(xué)校，距離是5公里。④代替不定式：Ifidifficulttogotosleep.(it=togotosleep)我發(fā)現(xiàn)入睡很困難。⑤代替動(dòng)詞的Ifinditimportanttalkingtothestudents.(it=talkingtothestudents) 我發(fā)現(xiàn)和學(xué)生交談很困難。⑥代替一個(gè)句子：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tcometoourparty.(it=thatyoudidn’tcometoourparty) 你沒有來我們的聚會(huì)是一個(gè)遺憾。⑦指性別不詳，或身份不明者：Whoisthebaby?------Itisme.(性別不詳) Whoisknockingatthedoor?IsitMrKing?（身份不明）Wedecidetomake______aruleforusroom-matetoturnoffthelightat10:30pm.A.thatB.thisC.itD.oneMostyoungfind________excitingtowatchafootballmatch. A.it B.this C.that D.one一網(wǎng)打盡：—Susan,gooinyoursisterincleaningtheyard.—Why______?Johnissittingtheredoingnothingatall.A.IB.meC.myselfD.mineWemustprotectplants.Theyarefriendsof______.A.we B.us C.our D.oursOh,yourshirtisthesame_________.A.asmeB.withherC.withmineD.ashersAtpresent,childrenmean_______tomostparentsinChina.A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.something—Morning,cIs______heretoday?—No,sir.Tomisabsent.Heisillathome.A.anybody B.everybody C.nobody D.somebodyTheairngyingismuchworsethanthatinmanyothercities.Wemustdo______toprotectourenvironment.A.nothingB.anythingC.somethingD.everythingThisworkcloseteamwork.______willbeachievedunlessweworkwelltogether.A.Nothing B.Anything C.Something D.Everything_______mayhaveachancetobesuccessfulifhetrieshisbest.A.None B.Nobody C.Somebody D.EverybodyLook!Sonialooksworried.Theremustbe______wrongwithher.A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything—Look,_______iingunderthetree.—Oh,that’smycousin,Anna.A.everybodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.somebodyOurmotherearthgivesus_______weneedinourdailylife.A.nobodyB.nothingC.everybodyD.everythingTheiPadisn’t______.Itbelongsto______.A.he;me B.hers;mine C.his;me D.her;mineThismorningDianainvited______to______birthdayparty.A.I;her B.I;hers C.me;her D.me;hersMom,I’moldhtowash_____ownclothesand______.Youcanhavearestafterwork.A.my;your B.my;yours C.your;my D.yours;mine—Morning,class.Is________here?—No,sir.Tomisabsent.A.anybodyB.everybodyC.nobodyD.somebody—Doeshitelikesports?—Yes,__________favoritesportistennis.A.heB.sheC.hisD.herWehavcedtheproblems，and___willbediscussedatthemeeting.A.youB.itC.theyD.usItisagoodoftoreadafewlinesbeforegoingtobed.A.IB.meC.myD.mineHethinkshimselfsomebody,butwethinkhim______.A.nobodyB.anybodyC.somebodyD.everybody一Whoteaches________music?一Nobody.Iteach________.A.;mineB.your;myselfC.you;myselfMyhostfamildtocook_____formewhenIstudiedinNewZealand.A.differentsomethingB.differentanythingC.somethingdifferentD.anythingdifferent17.—WhatdoynkofthemoviebyZhaoWei?—Terrific.Ilike______verymuch.A.itB.himC.herD.youHaveyouheardthegoodnews?------No,what________? A.isit B.isthere C.arethey D.arethoseIaskedherfor________milk,butshedidn’thave________.A.any,some B.some,any C.some,someWhoissinginhenextroom?------_______mustbeMarie.A.ItB.SheC.ThisD.ThereThebookis________.Iwrote________nameonitscover（封面）________.A.my,mylf B.mine,my,myself C.mine,myself,my D.myself,mine,myMoneyisimportantinmylife.Butitisn’t________tome.A.everything B.something C.nothing D.anythingIcouldharlieveshehadmadeavideoaboutwaterpollutionby________.(her)Weoftenask________(us)howwecandomoreforourcountry.Mysisterisalwaysstrictwith________(she).“You'reough，boy.You'dbetterdoit________(you).”Myfathersaidtome.Ourclassroomishere.________(she)isoverthere.Weshouldtryoutohelphim.Anyway,heisaclassmateof________(we).Ihope________goeswellwithyou..代詞2①other“其余的”，用在Jimistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.②one---,theother---“兩者中一個(gè)---,另一個(gè)---” 例:Ihavetwopenisred,theotherisblack.我有兩只鋼筆。一只是紅色的，另一只是黑色的。Ihavethns.Oneisred,theothertwoareblack.我有三只鋼筆。一只是紅色的，另兩只是黑色的。 ★③some---,others---“有的---,有的---” 例:Therearemanentsoutside.Somearesinging,othersaredancing. 外面有許多學(xué)生。有的學(xué)生在唱歌，有的在跳舞。這里others=otherstudents(剩下的學(xué)生一部分在跳舞，不是全部) ★④some---,theothers---“有的---,有的---” 例:Thermanystudentsoutside.Somearesinging,theothersaredancing. 外面有很多學(xué)生。有的學(xué)生在唱歌，其余的學(xué)生全部都在跳舞。這里theothers=theotherstudents(剩下的學(xué)生全部都在跳舞)another“又，再”，表示三者或以上中不定的一個(gè)例:Theseshoesaresmall.Iwanttobuyanotherpair.這些鞋子太小了。我想再買一雙。 Pleasegivemeanotherfiveminutes.請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我五分鐘。Myfamilyhastwodogs.Oneiswhite,____isblack.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherDothersWhatay!Haveyouhadadrink?---Yes,butI’dliketohave_____afterwork.A.itB.oneC.otherD.anotherHaveyoufinyourreportyet?----No.I’llfinishitin______tenminutes.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.lessWhataboutthisT-shirt?------Idon’tlikethecolor.Pleaseshowme________one.A.other B.theother C.another D.eachotherSomepeoplelistayathomeonSunday,but________liketogotothemovie.A.another B.other C.others D.otheroneone泛指單數(shù)名詞 例:Thispenisold.I’mgoingtobuyanewone.（one=pen）ones代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞 例:Thesebooksarebetterthanthoseones.(ones=books) it代替前面提到的例:Whereisthepen?------Itisinthedesk.(it=thepen) that特指的單數(shù) 例:Thebellofyourbikeisbetterthanthatofmine.(that=thebell)one和it的用法區(qū)別： Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Doyouwantone?桌上有一些書。你想要一本嗎？ Thereisonlyonebookonthedesk.Doyouwantit?桌上只有一本書了，你想要它嗎？Ican’tyticket.IthinkImusthavelost.it B.one C.this D.them—I’mabithungry,Auntie!—There’resomecakesonthetable.Youmaytake___.A.itB.oneC.thatD.thisI’mlookinabank,butIcan’tfind_______.A.itB.oneC.thisD.thateither 兩者中任何一個(gè)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 例:oneithersideofthestreetneither兩者都不，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 例:Neitherofthemisadoctor.★noone“沒有人”，僅指人，后不接of短語,回答who的問題 例：Whoareyouspeakingto?------Noone. none“沒有”，指三個(gè)或以上人和物，后接of短語,.回答howmany和howmuch的問題 例:Howmanybirdsdidyousee?------None.both“兩個(gè)都” 例:Myparentsarebothfarmers.all“三者或以上都” 例:Theyareallworkers.both和all在句中的見的還有Boththefarmersarehere.Bothofthefarmersarehere.Bothofthemarehere—Whichofthmagazineswillyoutake?—I’lltake____thoughIfind______ofthemareveryusefulto.all;bothB.either;eitherC.either;neitherD.either;both___ofuswagototheparktoday,becausewehavetofinishsomuchhomework.A.Either B.Both C.Neither—Whichjackeouprefer,thisoneorthatone?—___isOK.Idon’tcaretoomuch.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.All.—Wow!Yootsomanyclothes.—But___ofthemareinfashionnow.A.all B.both C.neither D.none★each“每一個(gè)”，指兩者或以上,側(cè)重個(gè)別,后接of短語例：Eachofthestudentshasaruler.every“每一個(gè)”，指三個(gè)或以上,側(cè)重全體,后不接of短語,只在名詞前作定語 例：Everystudentshouldbehereontime.any“任何一個(gè)”，三者或以上任一個(gè),可接of短語 例:Youcantakeawayanyofthem.★whole，用法：the+whole+名詞 例:thewholestory；thewholefivehours★everyone(=everybody)“每個(gè)人” anyone(=a