2022年中考英語外研版總復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案-話題寫作第一階技巧攻關(guān)謀策略

第一階技巧攻關(guān)·謀策略【技巧一】巧用高級詞匯,變平淡為神奇詞性普通詞匯高級詞匯形容詞goodgreat,perfect,excellent,fantastic,outstanding,wonderfulimportantbeofgreatimportancehelpfulbeofgreathelp,rewardingcleverintelligent,bright,wise,brillianthonesttruthful,sincerepretty/beautifulattractive,charming,fascinatinghopefulfullofhope副詞sometimesattimes,onceinawhileverymorethan,extremely,especially,particularlyfirstlytobeginwith,firstofall,atfirstsecondlythen,next,besides,what’smorelastlylastbutnotleast動詞shouldbesupposedtowantwouldlike,bewillingtoexpectlookforwardtolikeenjoy,prefer,beinterestedin,befondof,becrazyaboutfinishachieve,completeusemakegooduseofsolveworkout,dealwithpayattentiontofocuson,concentrateon【技巧二】巧用過渡銜接詞,致勝秘密武器結(jié)構(gòu)過渡詞啟——開啟下文Aproverbsays...正如諺語……;Tobeginwith首先;Asweallknow眾所周知;Ingeneral/Generallyspeaking一般而言承——承接前后first首先;second其次;next其次,然后;sincethen自那以后;atthesametime同時;infact事實上;ofcourse當(dāng)然;finally最終轉(zhuǎn)——轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but但是;however然而;still仍然;toone’ssurprise令某人驚奇的是;ontheotherhand另一方面因——因果關(guān)系asaresult結(jié)果是;inthisway這樣;thanksto由于;therefore因此;becauseof因為遞——遞進(jìn)關(guān)系inaddition另外;what’smore更重要的是;lastbutnotleast最后但同樣重要的是總——總結(jié)全文inaword總之;onthewhole總的來說;insummary總之;allinall總而言之【技巧三】玩轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)典句型,下筆如有神助一、正確使用10種句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子是語言交流或表達(dá)思想感情的基本形式。要寫好書面表達(dá),就要掌握以下十種句子結(jié)構(gòu):(一)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)【結(jié)構(gòu)】主語+系動詞+表語【例句】Thestoryisveryinteresting.這個故事很有趣。Hehassuddenlyfallenill.他突然病倒了?！菊f明】常見的系動詞有be,look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,become,turn等,后面要接名詞、形容詞、介詞短語等作表語。(二)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)【結(jié)構(gòu)】主語+謂語(不及物動詞)(+狀語)【例句】Herunsquickly.他跑得很快?！菊f明】這種結(jié)構(gòu),謂語動詞為不及物動詞,后面可以不帶任何成分,但多數(shù)情況下跟狀語性質(zhì)的修飾語。(三)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)【結(jié)構(gòu)】主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語【例句】Idon’tknowtheanswer.我不知道答案。WestudyEnglishatschool.在學(xué)校我們學(xué)習(xí)英語?！菊f明】及物動詞本身意義不完整,因此后面必須跟賓語才能使句意完整?？勺髻e語的有:名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞、從句等。(四)雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)【結(jié)構(gòu)】主語+謂語(及物動詞)+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)【例句】Passmethepaper,please.=Passthepapertome,please.請給我那些紙。Fathermadehimanewkite.=Fathermadeanewkiteforhim.爸爸給他制作一個新風(fēng)箏。【說明】這類動詞有:give(給),bring(帶來),teach(教),show(給……看),ask(要求),send(送),make(為……做),lend(借出),tell(告訴)等。通常間接賓語放在前面,有時也可以把間接賓語移到直接賓語的后面,但要請介詞to,for來幫忙。后常接介詞to的動詞有:give,show,tell,lend,throw,pass等;后常接介詞for的動詞有:get,make,find,sing,cook,buy等。(五)復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)【結(jié)構(gòu)】主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補足語【例句】MissGaoasksustolistencarefullyinclass.高老師讓我們上課時認(rèn)真聽講。Theboyfoundhisfootballunderthechair.這個男孩在椅子下面找到了他的足球。Wemustkeepourclassroomcleaneveryday.我們必須每天保持教室干凈。【說明】常跟復(fù)合賓語的動詞有tell,ask,have,get,let,make,keep等及一些感官動詞如find,see,hear,watch,listen,feel等。(六)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)【結(jié)構(gòu)】Therebe+代詞或名詞(短語)+地點/時間狀語【例句】Thereisabirdinthetree.樹上有一只鳥。Therearetwomenintheoffice.辦公室里有兩名男士。Thereareseveralchildrenswimmingintheriver.河里有幾個孩子在游泳。【說明】be動詞隨時態(tài)而改變,并與主語的數(shù)保持一致。“Therebe+sb.doingsth.+地點/時間狀語”意為“有某人在某地(時)正做某事”。(七)祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)【結(jié)構(gòu)】1.動詞原形+賓語+其他2.Be+表語+其他3.Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他【例句】Openthedoor,please!請開門!Don’tbelateagain.別再遲到了。Let’splayvolleyball.讓我們打排球吧?！菊f明】祈使句的謂語動詞一律用動詞原形,其否定結(jié)構(gòu)一般是在句首加Don’t。(八)感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)【結(jié)構(gòu)】1.What(+a/an)+形容詞+名詞(+主語+謂語)!2.How+形容詞/副詞(+主語+謂語)!【例句】Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!她是個多么漂亮的女孩啊!Howbeautiful(theseflowersare)!(這些花)多美啊!Howclearlyheisspeaking!他說得多么清楚啊!【說明】感嘆句一般用how或what開頭。how作狀語,修飾形容詞、副詞或句子;what作定語,修飾名詞(名詞前可有形容詞或冠詞)。(九)并列句結(jié)構(gòu)【結(jié)構(gòu)】1.祈使句+or/and+陳述句2.簡單句+連詞+簡單句【例句】Getupquickly,oryouwillbelateforschool.快點起床,否則你就上學(xué)遲到了。Runfaster,andyoucancatchupwiththem.跑得再快點,你就能趕上他們。Lifeislimited,butthereisnolimittolearning.生命是有限的,但學(xué)問是無限的。【說明】常見的并列連詞有but,and,or,so,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,while等。(十)復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)【結(jié)構(gòu)】1.主句+when/while/if/because/sothat等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句2.主句+that/if/whether/疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句3....先行詞+that/which/who等引導(dǎo)的定語從句【例句】WhenIgothome,mymotherwasn’tin.我到家時,媽媽不在。I’llleaveassoonasI’mready.我一準(zhǔn)備好就離開。Tomransofastthathewonthefirstplace.湯姆跑得那么快,結(jié)果他取得了第一名。Iamsorrythatyoufailedintheexamination.你考試不及格我感到很難過。Canyoutellmeif/whethertheywillcometoseeme?你能告訴我他們是否來看我嗎?ThisisthemostbeautifulflowerthatIhaveseen.這是我見過的最漂亮的花。ThemanwhoseshirtiswhiteisMrGreen.襯衫是白色的那個人是格林先生。二、合理運用50個常見搭配及句型1.wanttodosth.想做某事Iwanttogotoschool.我想去上學(xué)。注意:wantsb.todosth.意為“想讓某人做某事”,如:Iwantmysontogotoschool.我想讓我的兒子去上學(xué)。2.bedifferentfrom與……不同TheweatherinBeijingisdifferentfromthatinNanjing.北京的天氣和南京的不同。注意:反義詞組為:bethesameas“與……相同”。如:Histrousersarethesameasmine.他的褲子和我的一樣。3.befriendlytosb.對某人友好MrWangisveryfriendlytous.王先生對我們非常友好。4.What’sthematterwithsb./sth.?某人/某物出什么毛病了?What’sthematterwithyourwatch?你的手表怎么了?注意:該句型還可用What’swrongwith...?或What’sthetroublewith...?5.Whydon’tyoudosth.?你為什么不做某事呢?Whydon’tyouplayfootballwithus?你為什么不和我們踢足球呢?注意:同義句為:Whynotdosth.?“為什么不做某事呢?”,如:Whynotplayfootballwithus?為什么不和我們踢足球呢?6.Whatdoyoumeanbydoingsth.?你做……是什么意思?Whatdoyoumeanbydoingthat?你做那件事情是什么意思?7.likedoingsth.喜愛做某事Jimlikesswimming.吉姆喜歡游泳。注意:liketodosth.“想去做某事”,如:Hedoesn’tliketoswimnow.他現(xiàn)在不想去游泳。8.feellikedoingsth.想要做某事Ifeellikeeatingbananas.我想吃香蕉。9.wouldliketodosth.想要做某事Wouldyouliketogoboatingwithme?你想和我一起去劃船嗎?注意:wouldlikesb.todosth.想要某人做某事I’dlikeyoutostaywithmetonight.我想要你今晚和我待在一起。10.makesb.dosth.使某人做某事Hisbrotheroftenmakeshimstayinthesun.他哥哥經(jīng)常讓他曬太陽。注意:同義句為:havesb.dosth.“使某人做某事”,如:Youshouldhavethestudentsworkhard.你應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)。11.begoodatsth./doingsth.擅長某事/做某事WearegoodatEnglish.我們擅長英語。Theyaregoodatboating.他們擅長劃船。12.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.做某事花費某人一些時間Ittookmemorethanayeartolearntodrawabeautifulhorseinfiveminutes.學(xué)會在五分鐘內(nèi)畫一匹漂亮的馬花了我一年多的時間。13.sb.spend(s)sometime/money(in)doingsth.某人花一些時間/錢做某事Ispenttwentyyears(in)writingthenovel.我花了20年寫這部小說。注意:sb.spend(s)sometime/moneyonsth.某人花一些時間/錢在某事/物上Jimspent1000yuanonthebike.吉姆花了1000元買這輛自行車。14.sth.cost(s)sb.somemoney某物花了某人一些錢ThebikecostJim1000yuan.這輛自行車花了吉姆1000元。15.sb.pay(s)somemoneyforsth.某人為某物付/花了一些錢Jimpaid1000yuanforthebike.吉姆花了1000元買這輛自行車。16.thanksb.forsth./doingsth.感謝某人做某事Thankyouforyourhelp/helpingme.感謝你的幫助。17.How/Whataboutdoingsth.?做某事怎么樣?How/Whataboutgoingfishing?去釣魚怎么樣?18.主語+be+the+最高級+of/in短語Lucyisthetallestinherclass.露西在她班里是最高的。19.主語+be+比較級+thananyother+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)Lucyistallerthananyotherstudentinherclass.露西在她班里比其他任何一個學(xué)生都高。20.hadbetterdosth.最好做某事You’dbetterstudyEnglishhard.你最好努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。注意:hadbetternotdosth.最好別做某事You’dbetternotstayup.你最好不要熬夜。21.helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事LucyoftenhelpsLily(to)washherclothes.露西經(jīng)常幫助莉莉洗她的衣服。注意:helpsb.withsth.幫助某人某事Isometimeshelpmymotherwiththehousework.我有時幫助我媽媽做家務(wù)。22.makeit+時間把時間定在……Let’smakeit8:30.讓我們把時間定在八點半吧。23.havenothingtodo(withsb.)與某人沒有關(guān)系Thathasnothingtodowithme.那和我沒有關(guān)系。24.It’s+adj.(描述事物性質(zhì)類形容詞)+forsb.todosth.做某事對某人來說怎么樣ItisluckyforyoutogotoLondon.去倫敦對你來說是幸運的。說明:It’s+adj.(描述人物性格、品質(zhì)等類形容詞)+ofsb.todosth.做某事對某人來說是……It’scarelessofyoutomakelotsofmistakes.對你來說犯這么多錯誤真是太粗心了。25.findit+adj.+todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事如何IfindithardtospeakEnglishwell.我發(fā)現(xiàn)說好英語很難。26.asksb.forsth.向某人請求/要求/尋求某物Ioftenaskhimforhelp.我經(jīng)常向他尋求幫助。27.hopetodosth.希望做某事Ihopetoseeyousoon.我希望很快見到你。28.Thereissomethingwrongwithsth./sb.某物/某人出毛病了Thereissomethingwrongwithmycar.我的車出了毛病。注意:somethingiswrongwith...某物出毛病了29.Howdoyoulikesth.?你認(rèn)為……怎么樣?HowdoyoulikeBeijing?你認(rèn)為北京怎么樣?注意:同義句為:Whatdoyouthinkofsth.?你認(rèn)為……怎么樣?30.finishdoingsth.完成做某事Ifinishedcleaningmycarjustnow.我剛才清洗了我的車。31.enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事TheyallenjoylivingandworkinginChina.他們都喜歡在中國生活和工作。32.Whatelse...別的什么Whatelsedoyouwanttobuy?你還想買別的什么嗎?33.forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事(已做)Iforgotturningoffthelights.Look,itisdarkintheroom.我忘記關(guān)過燈了?？?房間里黑著。注意:forgettodosth.忘了做某事(未做)34.rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事(已做)Irememberedreturningyourmoney.Youaresoforgetful.我記得還給你錢了。你是如此健忘。注意:remembertodosth.記住做某事(未做)35.stoptodosth.停下來去做另一件事HestoppedtotalkwithMarywhensheenteredtheoffice.當(dāng)瑪麗走進(jìn)辦公室時,他停下來和她談話。注意:stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來的時候,學(xué)生們停止了談?wù)摗?6.watch/see/hearsb.dosth.觀看/看見/聽見某人做了某事Isawyoupickanapplejustnow.剛才,我看見你摘了一個蘋果。注意:watch/see/hearsb.doingsth.觀看/看見/聽見某人在做某事Isawyouplayingbasketballwithyourclassmatesontheplaygroundthen.那時,我看到你正和你的同學(xué)們在操場上打籃球。37.goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事Hewentonreadingafterashortrest.在短暫的休息后,他繼續(xù)讀書。注意:goontodosth.繼續(xù)做另一件事Hewentontoreadafterfinishingwashingthedishes.在洗完盤子后,他繼續(xù)讀書。38.bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事Theyarebusyplantingtreesonthehill.他們正忙著在山上植樹。39.beinterestedinsth.對某事感興趣WeareallinterestedinEnglish.我們都對英語感興趣。40.tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事Mothertoldmetogoshoppingwithher.媽媽讓我和她去購物。41.asksb.todosth.請某人做某事Jimaskedmetogorowingwithhim.吉姆讓我和他去劃船。42.bereadytodosth.準(zhǔn)備好做某事Wearereadytohavelunch.