獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)習(xí)課件

with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Later,anothertypeofcoinwasused,withholesinit.Possiblythispersondiedwithoutanyoneknowingwherethecoinswerehidden.Hediditwithouthiswifeknowingit.Helefthomeatmidnightwithoutanybodyknowingwherehewas.ZhouLancleanedtheclassroomwithoutanyoneknowingit.“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)〞，即“with+賓語+補(bǔ)足語〞，在英語中，特別是在書面語中是一個(gè)很常用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它既可以充當(dāng)狀語，又可以充當(dāng)定語。由于“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)〞在邏輯上是一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系完整的結(jié)構(gòu)，因而，它也可以用相應(yīng)的從句或分句代替。with+賓語+形容詞副詞名詞介詞短語v-ingv-edtodo主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行被動(dòng)、完成將要發(fā)生一、“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)〞的構(gòu)成1.with+賓語+副詞Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.所有的燈都亮?xí)r，廣場(chǎng)顯得更加美麗。Withhisparentsaway,Tombecomesmorenaughty.父母不在，湯姆變得更淘氣。2.with+賓語+形容詞Withthedoorandwindowsopenwide,theroomwasverycold.門窗大開，屋內(nèi)很冷。Withherparentsdead,thegirlhadtoleftschool.她父母死了，那女孩只好輟學(xué)。3.with+賓語+介詞短語Theteachercameinwithabookinhishand.老師手里拿著書走進(jìn)來。Thegirllookedupwithtearsinhereyes.

那女孩眼淚汪汪地抬起頭。4.with+賓語+名詞Theysetupafootballteam,withTomtheirhead.他們建立了一支足球隊(duì)，湯姆當(dāng)隊(duì)長。Withanativeourguide,weneedn'tbeafraidtogetlost.有本地人當(dāng)向?qū)?，我們不必?fù)?dān)憂會(huì)迷路。5.with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞〔主謂關(guān)系〕Withsummercoming,theweatherisbecominghotterandhotter.隨著夏天的到來，天氣越來越熱。Withtheteacherstandingbeside，shefeltabituneasy.老師站在旁邊，她覺得有點(diǎn)不自然。6.with+賓語+過去分詞〔動(dòng)賓關(guān)系〕Withtheworkdone,shefeltgreatlyrelieved.工作完成了，她大大地松了一口氣。Withhishaircut,helooksmuchyounger.理了頭發(fā)，他顯得年輕多了。7.with+賓語+不定式〔將要發(fā)生〕Withhertogowithus,we'resuretohaveapleasantjourney.有她和我們一起去，我們的旅途一定會(huì)很愉快。WithMr.SmithtoteachthemEnglishnextterm,theywillbegreatlyimprovedinspokenEnglish.下學(xué)期史密斯先生教他們英語，他們的口語會(huì)大有提高。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1.概念:充當(dāng)狀語在句中可以表示時(shí)間、原因條件、方式或伴隨情況等。2.結(jié)構(gòu):名詞/代詞+非謂語〔doing&todo&done〕形容詞&副詞介詞短語

。形容詞&副詞&介詞短語&狀語從句非謂語動(dòng)詞邏輯主語Takingyourageintoconsideration,You’dbetternotgohiking.Youragetakenintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.(邏主you)(邏主yourage)〔邏輯主語與整句的主語相同〕(Ⅰ)名詞/代詞+分詞(過去分詞done

&現(xiàn)在分詞doing)當(dāng)分詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時(shí),分詞應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語,構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴隨狀語時(shí),常放在句首。1.________________,theyleftthemeeting–room.〔問題解決了〕〔settle〕2.____________,we`llgothereonfoot.(時(shí)間允許的話)(permit)(cross)3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,(他的手交叉在頭下)__________________________ThisproblemsettledTimepermittinghishandscrossedunderhishead.l(Ⅱ)名詞/代詞+形容詞_________________,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.(他媽媽生病了)2.Heenteredthehouse,(他的鼻子凍得通紅)___________________〔red〕(Ⅲ)名詞／代詞＋副詞Heputonhissocks，_____________.〔反的一面在外面〕(out)Hismother(being)illhisnoseredwithcold.wrongsideout〔Ⅴ〕名詞／代詞＋介詞短語在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果邏輯主語與介詞短語中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,____________.(手上一本書)2._______________thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.(肩上一面旗幟〕bookinhandFlagonshoulder二．With和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

〔又叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)〕with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是:

with/without+n./pron.+n.with/without+n./pron.

+adj.with/without+n./pron.+adv.with/without

+n./pron.+prep.with/without

+n./pron.

+doingwith/without

+n./pron.+beingdonewith/without

+n./pron.

+done

with/without+n./pron.+todo◆作狀語，表示時(shí)間、伴隨、方式、原因、結(jié)果等

With/without+n./pron.+n.With/without+n./pron.

+adj.with/without+n./pron.+adv.with/without

+n./pron.+prep.with/without

+n./pron.

+doingwith/without

+n./pron.+beingdonewith/without

+n./pron.

+done

with/without+n./pron.+todo1)with/without+n./pron.+n.Sheusedtositreadingintheeveningwith

herpetdog

heronlycompanion.她從前總愛在晚上坐著看書，她的寵物狗便是她惟一的伙伴。2)with/without+n./pron.+adj.

Helefttheroomwiththedooropen.門開著，他就離開了屋子。Don’ttalkwith

yourmouth

full.

嘴里滿是東西，不要說話。with/without+n./pron.+adv.

WithTomaway,Ialwaysfeellonely.Tom不在，我一直感覺孤獨(dú)。Withtheradioon,grandmafellasleepinthechair.收音機(jī)開著,奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡著了.4)with/without+n./pron.+prep.

Themanleftthemeetingwithabookinhishand.這個(gè)男士手里拿著書離開了會(huì)議。

with/without+n./pron.+doingShelivesintheroom

withthelightburning.她住在亮著燈的那個(gè)房間里。with/without+n./pron.+beingdoneWith

myhomework

beingdone,Ican’tgoouttoplay.因?yàn)槲艺谧鲎鳂I(yè)，所以不能出去玩。7)with/without+n./pron.+done

Thepeasantshaveagoodharvestwithallthecropsgotin.莊稼都收割了，農(nóng)民們有了一個(gè)好收成。with/without+n./pron.+todo

Withsomanyproblemstosettle,thenewmanagerwassoworried.有著太多問題去處理，新經(jīng)理如此擔(dān)憂.

Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaroundIntheread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix

Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

__productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through◆作定語(主要是用作后置定語)Thegirlreachedariverbankwithsomanyflowersonbothbanks.這個(gè)女孩來到了兩岸開滿鮮花的河邊。◆with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化〔Ⅰ〕with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語時(shí)，一般可相互轉(zhuǎn)換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從句或并列句?！玻薄匙鲿r(shí)間狀語Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.〔２〕作原因狀語

Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(3)作條件狀語

Withtimepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Timepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Iftimepermits,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.(4)作伴隨狀語

Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.

=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.

(Ⅳ)名詞／代詞＋不定式1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__inayear.(2005湖南)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed.2.__________________________(最后一個(gè)人的到來)，ourpartywasstarted.〔arrive〕Thelastguesttoarrive(Ⅱ)with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)

構(gòu)那么不可作后置定語修飾名詞。

Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.

=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.(Ⅵ)有些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有分詞，僅

在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語或狀語

的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是being或havingbeen，這是為了簡練。但在

“being+過去分詞〞或“therebeing＋

過去分詞〞結(jié)構(gòu)中，being不可省。1.___________________,hewenttoschool.(早餐結(jié)束后)〔over〕2.____________________________,shewentbacktoherroom.(沒有鬧鐘的原因)3._________________________,wecan‘tgothere.(房間正在被油漆)Breakfast(being)overTherebeingnocauseforalarmTheroombeingpaintednowWith結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略with獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略主要是指在“with+名詞+介詞短語〞結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略，其特點(diǎn)是省去with及介詞短語中的名詞修飾詞，也就是：“名詞+介詞+名詞〞。Sherantothehero,flowersinhand.她手里拿著鮮花跑向這位英雄。Theartteacherwalkedintotheclassroom,bookinhand.藝術(shù)老師手里拿著一本書走進(jìn)了教室。1.__tenminutes__beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe__.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3.__thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because穩(wěn)固練習(xí)4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

8.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__arainyday,hedidn`tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.HavingbeenWelldone!非謂語動(dòng)詞是高中語法的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，咱們常常對(duì)此感到頭疼。其實(shí)只要理解并掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞各種形式的特點(diǎn)，做起題來會(huì)很輕松。熟悉知道了非謂語動(dòng)詞形式后，做題時(shí)可分四步分析。

一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

2.___manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.Told

C.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold

3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned二、分析邏輯主語

確定要選非謂語動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。假設(shè)不一致，那么須加上自己的邏輯主語。

1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.2.______SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing

三、分析語態(tài)

分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.

2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See

3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.

4._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashed四、分析時(shí)態(tài)，在選定了主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)后，還要考慮動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間問題，即時(shí)態(tài)。

1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.

2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.

3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.

A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt

C.beingbuiltD.built

看看獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和其他句式的結(jié)合Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.

A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】容易誤選A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。

【分析】最正確答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞invited并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語，而是一個(gè)過去分詞。當(dāng)然，假假設(shè)在invited前加上助動(dòng)詞were，那么是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，答案便應(yīng)選A看看獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和其他句式的結(jié)合Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.

A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

1,Heisusedtosleepingwiththewindow()(close)2,Withalotofhomework()(do),Tomcann'tgoouttoplay.3,Withallthework()(finish),IwasallowedtowatchTV.4,Withthewindow()(open),theboyhadagoodsleep.5，Withwinter()(come),itistimetobuywarmclothes.把以下句子中的劃線局部改寫成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Becauseourlessonswereover,wewenttoplayfootball.Thechildrencamerunningtowardsusandheldsomeflowersintheirhands.Mymotherisill,soIwon'tbeabletogoonholiday.Anexamwillbeheldtomorrow,soIcouldn'tgotothecinematonight.1.因?yàn)橛刑嗟淖鳂I(yè)要做，所以我們不能出去玩。2.由那個(gè)老人帶路，我們終于找到了那個(gè)地方。Withsomuchworktodo,wecan’tgoouttoplay.Withtheoldmanleadingtheway,wefoundtheplaceatlast.

Withtheman’sheaddown,hestoodnearabuildingandstaredatthefloorwithhismouthopen,waitingforhisgirlfriendwithhishandsinhispocket.Withthepricesofhousegoinguprapidly,hecan’tafforditbeforegettingmarriedtothebeautifulgirl.Unfortunately,thegirlchosetobreakupwithhimwhenshefinallycame.Themansaidnothing,withhiseyesfixedontheoppositewall.Tenminuteslater,thegirlleft.Withnofriendtotalkto,hefeltmiserableandcouldn’thelpcrying.

Withtheman’sheaddown,hestoodnearabuildingandstaredatthefloorwithhismouthopen,waitingforhisgirlfriendwithhishandsinhispocket.Withthepricesofhousegoinguprapidly,hecan’tafforditbeforegettingmarriedtothebeautifulgirl.Unfortunately,thegirlchosetobreakupwithhimwhenshefinallycame.Themansaidnothing,withhiseyesfixedontheoppositewall.Tenminuteslater,thegirlleft.Withnofriendtotalkto,hefeltmiserableandcouldn’thelpcrying.(1)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________carried