課時作業(yè)10UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION含解析必修第三冊

觀千劍而后識器,操千曲而后曉聲泰戈爾曾說過:“只有經(jīng)歷過地獄般的磨練，才能煉出創(chuàng)造天堂的力量；只有流過血的手指才能彈奏出世間的絕唱?！闭n時分層作業(yè)(十)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Asthesayinggoes“Mysterycreateswonderandwonderisthebasisofman'sdesire(渴望)tounderstandit.”2．Heputdowntheelectionprocedure(程序)forastronautsontheblackboard.3．ItisknownthatYangLiweiisafamousastronaut(宇航員)inChina.4．Theyhadtodoalotofmental(精神的)andphysicaltrainingbeforebeingsentintospace.5．Hemustbeintelligent(聰明的)enoughtobeadmittedintothekeyuniversity.6．NowthecountryhassucceededinmakingrocketsthatcouldescapeEarth'sgravity(重力)．7．UnfortunatelyastronautsonAmerica'sChallengerdiedduringthelaunch(發(fā)射)．8．Hewasverydisappointed(失望的)atthenewsthathisparentscan'tseehimoffattheairport.9．HereadsEnglishwordseverymorningsincehehasbeendetermined(下定決心的)tolearnEnglishwell.10．Hehaslivedandlearnedindependently(獨立地)atabroadsincehewas16yearsold.Ⅱ.閱讀理解AItwasthe51thanniversary(周年)ofthemoonlandinglastyear.Astronomyloverswerenottheonlyonesthatwereexcitedaboutit;publishersalsoofferedanumberofbookstomarktheevent.ShootfortheMoonJamesDonovanLittle,BrownandCompany,$30ThisretellingofthespaceracebeginswiththeSovietUnion'sSputniksatellitein1957tothehistoricApollo11programtwelveyearslater.Thebookoffersdetailsaboutthecharactersofthespacemen,engineersandotherswhomadetheU．S.spaceprogramasuccess.OneGiantLeapCharlesFishmanGettingtothemoonrequiredamillionhoursofwork,thisbooksays.Accordingly,thestorycentersontheengineers，projectmanagersandotherswhoworkedlongandhardtogettheApolloprogramofftheground.PicturingApollo11J．L.PickeringandJohnBisneyTheUniversityPressofFlorida,$45Packedwithhundredsofphotos(somearepublishedforthefirsttime),thisbookreadslikeaphotobookoftheApollo11program.Thephotosaremomentsofspacementraining,aswellastheexcitementoflift-off,thehistoriclandingandthereturnofthethreemen.Apollo'sLegacyRogerD．LauniusAspacehistorianexaminestheApolloprogramindifferentways:asapoliticalmachineintheColdWarandanimportantculturalmoment.ThebookexploresdifferentviewsontheU．S.moonshotprojectfromscientists,politicians,themediaandthepublicduringthespaceraceandbeyond.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。介紹了四本關(guān)于登陸月球的書籍。1．WhatisShootfortheMoonmainlyabout?A．Thehistoryofthespacerace.B．Thelift-offoftwosatellites.C．Thecooperationofdifferentcountries.D．Humans'understandingofthemoon.A[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ShootfortheMoon部分中的“ThisretellingofthespaceracebeginswiththeSovietUnion'sSputniksatellitein1957tothehistoricApollo11programtwelveyearslater.”可知，ShootfortheMoon主要是關(guān)于太空競賽的歷史。故選A項。]2．WhosebookshowstheApollo11programthroughpictures?A．JamesDonovan's.B．CharlesFishman's.C．J.L.PickeringandJohnBisney's.D．RogerD．Launius's.C[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PicturingApollo11部分中的“Packedwithhundredsofphotos(somearepublishedforthefirsttime)，thisbookreadslikeaphotobookoftheApollo11program.”可知，J.L.皮克林和約翰·比斯尼的書通過圖片展示阿波羅計劃。故選C項。]3．WhichbooktalksaboutdifferentviewsontheApolloprogram?A．ShootfortheMoon. B．OneGiantLeap.C．PicturingApollo11. D．Apollo'sLegacy.D[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Apollo'sLegacy部分中的“AspacehistorianexaminestheApolloprogramindifferentways”可知，Apollo'sLegacy從不同的角度解釋阿波羅計劃。故選D項。]BAnewstudyfocusesonK2-18b,anexoplanet(系外行星)liketheEarthdiscoveredin2015,orbitingareddwarfstar(矮星)closeenoughtoreceiveaboutthesameamountofradiationfromitsstarastheEarthdoesfromthesun.“Studieshavesuggestedthatplanetswithhydrogen-richatmospheres(氣體)couldhostcertainformsoflife，”Bj?rnBennekesaid,aprofessorattheInstituteforResearchonExoplanetsatUniversitédeMontréal.However,anewsreleasesays，“K2-18b'slargeatmosphereistoothickandcreateshigh-pressureconditions,whichlikelypreventslifefromexistingontheplanet'ssurface.”WhiletheseresearchersfoundevidenceforliquidwatercloudsonK2-18bbecauseofitslackofsurface，rainwouldn'tpourontheplanet.Withoutarealsurface,landingontheplanetwouldalsobenearlyimpossible,especiallybecausethegasissothickandhassuchahighpressurethatanyEarth-createdspacecraftsenttherewouldbedevastated．TheresearchteamanalyseddatafromHubbleSpaceTelescopeobservationsthattheymadebetween2016and2017oftheK2-18bplanet.Itallowsscientiststodetect(探測)clearcharactersofwaterinaplanet'satmosphere.ThisteamplanstoexpandthisresearchevenfurtherbystudyingK2-18bwithNASA'sJamesWebbSpaceTelescope,whichisreadytolaunchin2021.“Thistypeofresearch，”Bennekesaid,“isleadingtowardsafinalgoalofbeingabletostudytheEarth-likeplanet.”“Wearenotquitethereyet，”hesaid,“butthisisreallyexciting.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于系外行星K2-18b的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。K2-18b這顆行星與地球類似，科學家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)它上面有水，但是否有生命存在還有待進一步證實。4．WhatcanwelearnaboutK2-18b?A．Itisaplanetclosesttothesun.B．Ithostscertainformsoflifebecauseofthickgas.C．Itiscoveredwithathinatmosphere.D．It'saplanetmovingaroundareddwarfstar.D[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，K2-18b是圍繞著紅矮星運動的行星。]5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devastated”inParagraph2mean?A．Destroyed. B．Declared.C．Detected. D．Delivered.A[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文可知，如果沒有一個真實的表面，在K2-18b上著陸幾乎是不可能的，因為K2-18b上的氣體非常厚，壓強非常大，任何地球制造的宇宙飛船發(fā)射到那里都會被毀滅。因此，畫線詞是“毀滅”的意思，destroy意為“毀掉”，故選A項。]6．Whatallowsscientiststodetectclearcharactersofwaterinaplanet'satmosphere?A．Theexpansionintheresearch.B．Thegoalofknowingtherealplanet.C．ThedatabytheHubbleSpaceTelescope.D．NASA'sJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.C[細節(jié)理解題。由題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段的第一、二句，其中的It指代前一句提到的哈勃太空望遠鏡，即哈勃太空望遠鏡能探測到行星大氣層中水的清晰特征。]7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HumansHaveLandedonK2-18bB．NASAHelpsExploreanExoplanetC．ANewFindingAboutaPlanetLiketheEarthD．Scientists'DeterminationofResearchingOuterSpaceC[標題判斷題。文章主要介紹了科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)的一顆系外行星K2-18b，這顆行星與地球類似，科學家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)它上面有水，但是否有生命存在還有待證實。]Ⅲ.閱讀七選五LifeonMars:Isitreallypossible?NowthatCuriosityisbeamingbackEarth-likepicturesofMartianlandscapes,theoldquestionraisesitshead：couldmanandwomanevergothere?Theansweris,verydefinitelyyes.Thereareanumberofpracticalchallengestoovercomefirst,however.TherearedifferencesbetweenEarthandMars,butalsoanumberofsimilarities.1PhobosandDeimosUnlikeEarth,Marsdoesnothaveapolarmagneticfield.ScientistsbelievethatthetwoMartianmoons，PhobosandDeimos,arecapturedlittleplanets.23FortheannualIGEMorInternationalGeneticallyEngineeredMachinescompetition,studentsaroundtheworldattempttomakelivingcellsperformnewtasks.InpreparationforthehumancolonisationofMars,seedsandorganicmatterwouldhavetobetransportedfromEarthtobegingrowingplantsandestablishingafoodsupply.Super-sizedBeesPlantsneedpollinatorsaswellaswater,andthebestpollinatoronEarthisthehumblebee—andentirehiveswouldbetransportedtoMars.4However,withoutnaturalpredators,theycouldgrowverylarge,indeed.OvercomingChallenges—OpeningPossibilitiesTherewillbeotherchallengestoovercome,forexample,theeffectonthehumanbodyoflivinginafieldoflowergravity.5Rightnow,weoughttowelcomethechallenges.Themorechallengesweovercomenow，themorepreparedwewillbeformovingoutofoursolarsystemandintothegrand,universaladventurethatisaheadofus.A．IGEMB．T