高中英語(yǔ)北師大版高二上冊(cè)《Unit15-Period2》課件

Period

Ⅱ

Warmup

&Lifelong

Learning北師大版高中英語(yǔ)

3．通過(guò)對(duì)這些詞匯的理解能夠更深層次的理解課文，并通過(guò)課文加深對(duì)這些詞匯的理解，更加熟練的運(yùn)用這些詞匯。

4．通過(guò)對(duì)本課文的理解，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)寫情景作文，以提高學(xué)生的書(shū)面表達(dá)能力。5．通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)法的教學(xué)讓學(xué)生能夠理解并能夠運(yùn)用這些語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，熟練掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。●教學(xué)地位

單詞和短語(yǔ)是構(gòu)成句子的最小單位，在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中起至關(guān)重要的作用，所以理解和正確運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)單詞和短語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)所在。另外，讓學(xué)生正確理解和掌握語(yǔ)法知識(shí)給學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)語(yǔ)境，讓學(xué)生理解該語(yǔ)法的應(yīng)用，而不要讓學(xué)生死記硬背語(yǔ)法條文，應(yīng)從理解的基礎(chǔ)上去靈活運(yùn)用這些語(yǔ)法。●新課導(dǎo)入建議

As

the

saying

goes，it

is

never

too

old

to

learn(活到老學(xué)到老).

With

the

development

of

science

and

technology,talents

are

becoming

more

important.

However,

studyingconstantly

is

vital

for

talents,

so

the

teacher

may

ask

studentssome

questions

about

what

they

think

of

studying.

(老師讓×××同學(xué)讀一讀他/她寫的短文。)●教學(xué)流程設(shè)計(jì)演示結(jié)束

1．Here'swhat

they

have

to

say

about

their

life-longlearning

experience.(教材

P36)這里是他們必須要說(shuō)的關(guān)于他們終身學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷的話。

這是由

what

引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，是一個(gè)完全倒裝的句式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完全置于主語(yǔ)之前的句子，便是完全倒裝句。Away

flew

the

plane.飛機(jī)飛走了。Here

comes

the

bus！公共汽車來(lái)了！這類句型主要有兩種：①a.副詞＋謂語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ)(以

here，there，in，up，down，away

等副詞開(kāi)頭，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為

be，come，go

等)b．副詞＋謂語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ)(以

then，now，thus，such

開(kāi)頭，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為

come，follow，begin，end，be，主語(yǔ)又是名詞時(shí))

②a.介詞短語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ)(表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，主謂需倒裝)

b．介詞短語(yǔ)/形容詞/分詞＋be＋主語(yǔ)(表語(yǔ)置于句首，為保持句子平衡，或強(qiáng)調(diào)，使上下文銜接需要倒裝)In

front

of

the

teaching

building

stands

a

tall

tree.教學(xué)樓前有一棵大樹(shù)。Now

comes

your

turn.輪到你了。South

of

the

river

lies

a

small

factory.一個(gè)小型工廠坐落在河的南岸。Out

rushed

the

children.孩子們沖了出去?！咎崾尽?/p>

如果句子中的主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞，而不是名詞，則不需要倒裝。將下列句子改為倒裝句①The

teacher

came

in，and

the

lesson

began.②The

speaker

sat

in

front

of

the

lecture

hall.【答案】

①In

came

the

teacher，and

the

lesson

began.②In

front

of

the

lecture

hall

sat

the

speaker.2．It's

never

toolateto

learn.(教材

P36)活到老，學(xué)到老。too...to...中的

too

前面如果用了否定詞(如

never)，則該句表示肯定意義。Never

too

old

to

learn，never

too

late

to

turn.亡羊補(bǔ)牢，為時(shí)未晚。①too...to...中的

too

前如有

far

等詞修飾，則這些詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。②too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定含義。

③too...to...句式中，

too

后接形容詞

ready(現(xiàn)成的)，incline(偏于……的)，apt(易于……)，eager(急切的)，anxious(著急的)等詞時(shí)，無(wú)否定的意思。

④only

too...to...也表示肯定，其中，too

后的形容詞多為表示某種心情的，如：glad，pleased，willing，thankful，

delighted

等；也有描繪性的形容詞，如：

good，kind，true

等。He

is

too

young

to

dress

himself.他太小了，不會(huì)自己穿衣服。He

was

far

too

busy

to

think

of

giving

up.他太忙，沒(méi)有時(shí)間想到放棄。She

is

not

too

clever

to

go

with

him.她很機(jī)靈，沒(méi)有跟他一起走。He

is

too

ready

to

talk.他愛(ài)說(shuō)話。The

film

is

only

too

good

to

see.這部電影很好，值得一看。完成句子①這道數(shù)學(xué)題太難，我不能解出它。The

maths

problem

is②雷鋒同志非常樂(lè)于助人。Comrade

Lei

Feng

was【答案】

①too

difficult

for

me

to

work

out.

others.②too

ready

to

help3．be

about

to

do

即將做……；就要做……

Now

I'm

about

to

graduate

from

the

School

ofContinuing

Education

at

Qinghua

University

with

aBachelor's

Degree

in

Computer

Engineering

by

distancelearning.(教材

P36)現(xiàn)在我即將從清華大學(xué)繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院畢業(yè)，通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程教育課程我獲得了計(jì)算機(jī)工程專業(yè)的學(xué)士學(xué)位。Work

was

about

to

start

on

a

new

factory

building.新廠房即將動(dòng)工。I

was

just

about

to

ask

you

the

same

thing.我剛才正要問(wèn)你同一件事情。be

about

to

do

sth.when...正要做某事，這時(shí)……be

doing...when...正在做……，這時(shí)……be

on

the

point

of

doing...when...正要做……這時(shí)……be

on

the

way

to...when...正要做……這時(shí)……h(huán)ad

done...when...剛做完……這時(shí)……

We

were

just

about

to

leave

when

Jerry

arrived.

我們正要離開(kāi)，這時(shí)杰里到了。

I

was

doing

my

homework

at

8∶00

last

night

whensomeone

knocked

at

my

door.

昨天晚上八點(diǎn)鐘我在做作業(yè)時(shí)，有人敲門。

I

had

gone

to

bed

when

the

telephone

rang.

我剛上床睡覺(jué)，這時(shí)電話響了?！咎崾尽縝e

about

to

do

sth.表示“將要做某事”，一般不與表示將來(lái)的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。【教師備課資源】將來(lái)時(shí)的多種表示法：①will/shall＋do：一般將來(lái)時(shí)最基本的表示方法，表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。②be

to

do：表示計(jì)劃、安排、義務(wù)、命令、禁止等。③be

going

to

do：表示打算、計(jì)劃要做某事或有跡象表明要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。④be＋v-ing：表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有此用法的多為趨向性動(dòng)詞。⑤一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表、日程安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?！緦?duì)接高考】(2012·

全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I

had

hardly

got

to

the

officemy

wife

phoned

me

to

go

back

home

at

once.A．whenC．untilB．thanD．a(chǎn)fter【解析】句意：我剛到辦公室，我妻子就打電話叫我立刻回家。本題考查并列連詞。had

hardly

done

somethingwhen...為固定句型?！敬鸢浮緼完成句子①他剛要站起來(lái)，這時(shí)老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。Hestand

up.②我們就要出發(fā)了。Westart

off.【答案】

①was

just

about

to；

when

the

teacher

came

in②are

about

to4．secure

adj.安全的；堅(jiān)固的

vt.使安全；獲得；固定

I

decided

to

give

myself

a

second

chance

by

studying

fora

degree

in

the

evenings

and

on

weekends

while

keeping

asecure

full-time

job.(教材

P36)我決定再給自己一次機(jī)會(huì)，在保證一份穩(wěn)定的全職工作的同時(shí)，利用晚上和周末時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)以取得學(xué)位。He

is

under

the

illusion

that

his

position

is

secure.他誤以為他的地位很穩(wěn)固。Troops

were

sent

to

secure

the

border.軍隊(duì)被派去保衛(wèi)邊境。be

secure

against/from

沒(méi)有……的危險(xiǎn)be

secure

of

對(duì)……有把握；確信fell/besecureabout/as

to

對(duì)……覺(jué)得放心secure(sth.)against/from

使(某物)免遭……Now

my

house

is

secure

against

burglary.現(xiàn)在我的房子無(wú)被盜竊的危險(xiǎn)。I

feel

secure

about

my

future.我對(duì)未來(lái)感到放心。Some

measures

are

needed

to

secure

the

farmlandagainst

shifting

sand.需要采取一些措施使農(nóng)田免遭流沙的侵襲。完成句子①這個(gè)年輕人不擔(dān)心自己的前途。his

future.The

young

man

is②樹(shù)可以為莊稼擋住風(fēng)沙。The

trees

canthe

cropssand.【答案】

③secure

about/of④secure；against/from5．frankly

speaking...(＝to

be

frank)坦白地說(shuō)……Frankly

speaking，the

last

four

years

have

been

hardwork，but

it's

been

worth

it！(教材

P36)坦白地說(shuō)，最后這四年過(guò)得很艱難，但卻是值得的！Frankly

speaking，you

are

wrong

again.坦白地說(shuō)，你又錯(cuò)了。Frankly

speaking，your

artwork

has

no

aesthetic

value.坦率地說(shuō)，你的作品沒(méi)有任何藝術(shù)價(jià)值。honestly

speaking...(＝to

be

honest)說(shuō)實(shí)話……generally

speaking...一般來(lái)說(shuō)……exactly

speaking...確切地說(shuō)……strictly

speaking...嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)……personally

speaking...就個(gè)人而言……Honestly

speaking，I

don't

like

the

job.說(shuō)實(shí)話，我不喜歡這份工作。Personally

speaking，he

did

very

well.就我個(gè)人而言，他干得挺不錯(cuò)。完成句子①嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，這本書(shū)不能算小說(shuō)，而是短篇故事。

，the

book

is

not

a

novel，but

a

short

story.②說(shuō)實(shí)話，我真的沒(méi)告訴過(guò)任何人。

，I

didn't

really

tell

anyone.【答案】

①Strictly

speaking②Honestly

speaking

6．Three

months

ago，when

my

manager

told

me

that

Iwould

be

laidoff，my

mind

wentblank

and

my

heart

swelledwith

anger.(教材

P36)三個(gè)月前，當(dāng)我的經(jīng)理告訴我，我將要下崗時(shí)，我的大腦一片空白，怒火滿腔。(1)lay

off

裁員；解雇If

business

continues

to

be

slow，we

will

have

to

lay

offsome

workers.如果生意再繼續(xù)下滑，我們必須解雇部分勞工。Often，they

think

too

much

in

the

short

term

and

beginto

lay

off

employees.通常，他們看中短期效益，開(kāi)始解雇員工。lay

vt.放置；鋪；產(chǎn)(蛋，卵)；設(shè)置lay

sb.out

打昏(某人)lay

sth.aside

把……放在一邊；儲(chǔ)存lay

sth.down(開(kāi)始)建造某物；停止使用某事物，放棄某事物；制定規(guī)則、原則等lay

up

貯存；自討苦吃；(因病)臥床The

boxer

was

laid

out

in

the

fifth

round.那個(gè)拳擊手在第五回合中被擊昏在地。I've

laid

up

with

flu

for

a

week.我患流感已在家休息一個(gè)星期了。She

managed

to

lay

aside

a

few

pounds

each

week

fromher

wages.她設(shè)法每周從薪水中存幾個(gè)英鎊?！窘處焸湔n資源】注意下面幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的詞形、詞性及意義的區(qū)別：①lie(vi.)—lied—lied

撒謊②lie(vi.)—lay—lain

躺；位于③lay(vt.)—laid—laid

放；擱；下蛋，產(chǎn)卵用

lay

的短語(yǔ)填空①工人們因?yàn)椴欢冗M(jìn)技術(shù)被辭退了。The

workforcebecause

they

didn't

graspthe

advanced

technology.

②他們首先得為這項(xiàng)工程制訂一個(gè)計(jì)劃。First

they

had

to【答案】

①was

laid

off

a

plan

for

the

project.②lay

down(2)go

blank

發(fā)呆；默然When

I

heard

the

shocking

news，my

mind

went

blank.當(dāng)我聽(tīng)到這個(gè)震驚的消息時(shí)，我的腦子一片空白。My

mind

went

completely

blank

and

I

forgot

what

I

wassupposed

to

be

doing.我的腦子一片空白，連我本來(lái)要做什么都想不起來(lái)了。

go

mad

發(fā)瘋go

hungry

挨餓go

blind

變瞎go

pale

臉色變得蒼白go

bad

變質(zhì)Hearing

the

bad

news，his

face

went

pale.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)壞消息，他的臉色變得很蒼白。The

fish

has

gone

bad

because

of

hot

weather.因?yàn)樘鞜狒~(yú)變質(zhì)了?！咎崾尽俊癵o＋adj.”是一種系表結(jié)構(gòu)，go

在此結(jié)構(gòu)中意為“變得，變成，變?yōu)椤薄Ｍ瓿删渥英墼囋囎屇銦o(wú)思無(wú)慮，你會(huì)感到平靜些。Try

to

let

your

mind，then

you'll

fell

calmer.④我寧愿挨餓也不吃那東西。I'd

ratherthan

eat

that.【答案】

③go

blank

④go

hungry7．suspect

v．懷疑；猜想

n．犯罪嫌疑人

adj.不可信的；可疑的

I

suspect

that

they

laid

me

off

because

the

company

wasnot

doing

that

well

but

it

still

brought

a

lump

to

my

throatand

made

me

want

to

cry.(教材

P36)我懷疑他們裁掉我是因?yàn)楣窘?jīng)營(yíng)得不是很好，但這仍然使我喉嚨哽咽，讓我想哭。I

have

no

reason

to

suspect

her

loyalty.我沒(méi)有理由懷疑她的忠誠(chéng)。He

is

a

suspect

murder.他是個(gè)謀殺嫌疑犯。Some

of

the

evidence

they

produced

was

highly

suspect.他們出示的證據(jù)中有些相當(dāng)不可靠。suspect

sb./sth.懷疑某人/某事suspect

sb.of

(doing)

sth.懷疑某人(干)某事suspect

sb./sth.as/to

be...懷疑某人/某物為……suspect＋that...懷疑……Whom

do

the

police

suspect？警方在懷疑誰(shuí)？What

made

you

suspect

him

of

having

broken

the

glass?你憑什么懷疑是他打壞的玻璃呢？We

all

suspect

her

as/to

be

an

actress，but

no

one

knowsher.我們都猜想她是一名演員，但沒(méi)有人認(rèn)識(shí)她?！窘處焸湔n資源】suspicion

n．懷疑，嫌疑；看法，感覺(jué)suspicious

adj.懷疑的，可疑的be

suspicious

of/about

懷疑……完成句子①他看起來(lái)很無(wú)辜，但警察懷疑他殺了人。a

murder.He

looks

innocent，but

the

police②我懷疑他打破了那扇窗。Ihaving

broken

the

window.【答案】

①suspect

him

to

be

②suspect

him

of8．I

felt

asif

I

had

done

something

wrong！(教材

P36)我感覺(jué)自己似乎做錯(cuò)了什么！

as

if/though

引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。as

if

意為“似乎，好像”，可以位于系動(dòng)詞

look，seem，feel，sound，smell

等后引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，以及

act，treat

等之后引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。She

looks

as

if

she

were

ten

years

younger

than

me.她看起來(lái)好像比我年輕

10

歲。(1)as

if

引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的情況是事實(shí)或具有很大可能性時(shí)，通常用陳述語(yǔ)氣。常與

look，seem，taste，smell，sound

等詞連用。

(2)as

if

引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的情況不是事實(shí)，而是主觀的想象或夸大的比喻，通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式如下：①如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。②如果從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”。③如果從句表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”。It

seems

as

if

the

boy

has

lost

his

way.好像這個(gè)男孩迷路了。He

is

a

happy

and

lucky

man

as

if

he

has

no

worries

andcares

in

the

world.他是個(gè)無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的人，好像世上沒(méi)有什么讓他煩惱和發(fā)愁的事。He

walks

as

if

he

were

drunk.他走起路來(lái)像是喝醉了似的。

【對(duì)接高考】

(2012·

北京高考)Don't

handle

the

vase

as

if

itmade

of

steel.A．isC．has

beenB．wereD．had

been【解析】句意：不要這么拿這個(gè)花瓶，就好像它是鋼制成似的。本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。as

if

意為“好像”，分析句意可知

as

if

后面的句子須使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，并且所述情況是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)，因此使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選擇

B

項(xiàng)。

【答案】

B完成句子①看起來(lái)天好像要下雨。It

looks.②他英語(yǔ)講得很好，好像他在英國(guó)生活了多年似的。He

speaks

English

perfectly.【答案】①as

if

it

is

going

to

rain②as

if/though

hehad

lived

in

England

for

many

years

9．I

decided

that

itwastime

I

became

an

Internetuser.(教材

P36)我覺(jué)得是成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的時(shí)候了。

It's

time

that

結(jié)構(gòu)用于表示“是該……的時(shí)候了”。

that后面的句子應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”或用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。It's

time

that

I

went

to

bed.＝It's

time

that

I

should

go

to

bed.我該去睡覺(jué)了。It's

time

that

I

went

home.我該回家去了。“是該做某事的時(shí)候了”的幾種表達(dá)方式：It

is

time

for

sth.It

is

time

to

do

sth.It

is

time

(for

sb.)to

do

sth.It

is

time

for

doing

sth.It

is

time

(that)

sb.should

do

sth.It

is

time

for

us

to

do

our

homework.我們?cè)撟鲎鳂I(yè)了。It

is

time

to

go

to

bed.該上床睡覺(jué)了。【教師備課資源】time

作“次數(shù)”講時(shí)的常用句型：

It/This/That

is/was

the

first/second/third/...time

that...這/那是某人第一/二/三/……次做某事(主句用

is，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主句用

was，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí))。完成句子①他該到我們家吃晚飯了。to

our

house

for

It

is

time

that

hedinner.

②到我們植樹(shù)的時(shí)候了。

It's

time

for

us.【答案】

①should

come/came

②to

plant

trees10．instruct

vt.教導(dǎo)；指導(dǎo)

I

got

my

grandson

to

instruct

me

on

how

to

email

anduse

the

Internet

and

I

really

enjoy

the

speed

at

which

mymessages

get

sent

and

answered.(教材

P36)于是讓孫子教我怎樣收發(fā)電子郵件和使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，我真的很喜歡信息的傳送和回復(fù)速度。She

instructs

music

once

a

week

at

a

middle

school.她在中學(xué)每周教一次音樂(lè)課。We

should

instruct

the

passengers

what

customsregulations

are.我們?cè)撓虺丝驼f(shuō)明海關(guān)規(guī)則是什么。①instruct

sb./sth.教某人/某事instruct

sb.in

sth.教授某人某事instruct

sb.to

do

sth.指示/吩咐某人做某事instruct(sb.)that/wh-cl

命令(某人)……instruct(sb.)wh-to

do

教(某人)……做……②instruction

n．指導(dǎo)；指示；用法說(shuō)明follow

the

instructions

按照說(shuō)明on

sb.'s

instructions

按照某人的吩咐under

(sb.'s)

instructions

在(某人的)教導(dǎo)下Greater

effort

is

needed

to

instruct

children

in

roadsafety.需要更大的努力來(lái)教導(dǎo)孩子們的道路安全意識(shí)。The

captain

instructed

the

soldiers

to

retreat.上尉命令士兵們撤退。On

his

instructions，the

luggage

had

been

sent

on.按照他的吩咐，行李已經(jīng)先行送走。I

instruct

him

how

to

do

the

work.我教他怎樣干這項(xiàng)工作。完成句子①我的工作是教你們英語(yǔ)。My

job

is.②他吩咐我立即把信寄出去。Hethe

letter

at

once.②instructed

me

【答案】

①to

instruct

you

in

Englishto

post11．a(chǎn)side

from

除……之外And

aside

from

emailing，it's

fun

to

see

and

talk

to

mygrandchildren

in

the

US

on

the

i-Cam.(教材

P36)除了收發(fā)電子郵件，我用網(wǎng)上鏡頭看到了在美國(guó)的外孫并且同他們談話，太有趣了。I've

finished

aside

from

the

last

question.除了最后一道題，我全做完了。

Aside

from

their

house

in

London，they

also

have

a

villain

Spain.他們?cè)趥惗赜幸蛔孔?，此外在西班牙還有一棟別墅。besides除……之外(還有)，除去部分在整體之內(nèi)except除……之外(別無(wú))常與nothing，all，none等不定代詞連用exceptfor除了……，表示從細(xì)節(jié)上對(duì)整體進(jìn)行修正Aside(apart)from除了……(還有)；除了……(別無(wú))，除去部分既可在整體之內(nèi)，又可在整體之外besides/except/except

for/aside

from，除去部分不在整體之內(nèi)，Is

there

anyone

else

we

know

besides

Will?除了威爾，還有我們認(rèn)識(shí)的人嗎？You

can

have

any

of

the

cakes

except

this

one.除了這塊蛋糕外，你可以吃任何一塊。The

roads

were

empty

except

for

a

few

cars.除了幾輛小汽車之外，公路上空蕩蕩的。Aside

from

the

kitchen，the

house

is

very

nice.除了廚房外，這所房子哪兒都好。用

besides，except，except

for

和

aside

from

填空

①This

article

is

good，mistakes.

②They

all

went

there

a

few

spellingTow，who

was

ill.③making

a

promise，he

kept

it.【答案】①except

for/aside

from②except③Besides/Aside

from12．bury

vt.埋葬；隱藏；專心致志So

many

people

think

that

after

you

retire，all

you

cando

is

switch

off

your

brain

and

bury

everything

you've

everlearnt.(教材

P36)很多人認(rèn)為退休后你能做的所有的事就是關(guān)閉大腦，埋葬你曾經(jīng)所學(xué)過(guò)的所有的東西。The

miners

were

buried

alive

when

the

tunnel

collapsed.地道塌方，礦工都被活埋在里面。She

always

has

her

head

buried

in

a

book.她總是埋頭讀書(shū)。be

buried

alive

被活埋be

buried

in

thought

沉思bury

one's

head/faceinone'shands用手捂住頭/臉bury

oneself

in

one's

work/studies埋頭工作/學(xué)習(xí)He

buried

his

face

in

his

hands.他雙手掩面。He

buried

himself

in

his

work.他埋頭工作。

完成句子

①他埋頭學(xué)習(xí)，不知道其他人都早已離開(kāi)了。

，he

didn't

know

that

all

the

othershad

left.

②他雙手掩面而泣。Heand

wept.【答案】

①Buried

in

his

study/Because

he

was

burriedin

his

study②

buried

his

face

in

his

hands觀察下列從

Reading

中選取的句子，體會(huì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。

①I

decided

that

itwastime

I

became

an

Internet

user.

②In

the

past，if

someone

hadworked

for

a

company

forover

20

years，they

wouldhavestayed

there

until

retirement!③IfeltasifIhaddone

something

wrong![自我總結(jié)]1．在“it

is/was

time(that)．..”結(jié)構(gòu)中

that

引導(dǎo)的句子用語(yǔ)氣，即用或，但

should

不可省略。

2．在

if

引導(dǎo)虛擬的條件句中，如果與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用，主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用

Would/should/could/might。3．在

as

if

引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果所表示的情況不是事實(shí)，通常用相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用語(yǔ)氣，如果從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)?！敬鸢浮?/p>

1.①虛擬

一般過(guò)去時(shí)；

should＋動(dòng)詞原形2.過(guò)去完成式(had

done)；＋have

done；3.虛擬；“had＋過(guò)去分詞”

虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用范圍及判斷

1．虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示一種假設(shè)。它主要用于由

if

引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，也可用于主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句中。2．if

條件狀語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的判斷。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的假設(shè)，通常有三種情況：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反。3．后退一步法。

后退一步法指在準(zhǔn)確地判斷了該句與哪一事實(shí)相反后，按虛擬語(yǔ)氣的后退一步法處理從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，即在非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按正常情況“后退一步”。也就是：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，在從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)形式表示；與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，在從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式表示；與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反，在從句中用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)形式表示。主句中則用

would，should，could

等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞形式。If

I

had

come

here

yesterday，I

would

have

seen

him.如果我昨天來(lái)這兒，我就能見(jiàn)到他了。If

I

were

a

teacher，I

would

be

strict

with

my

students.如果我是老師，我將會(huì)嚴(yán)格要求學(xué)生。If

it

should

snow

tomorrow，they

couldn't

go

out.如果明天下雪，他們就不能外出了。4．注意：(1)if

條件句中如有

were，should，had，可以省去

if，并用倒裝語(yǔ)序。(2)在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，if

條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是be，其過(guò)去式一般用

were。虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)主語(yǔ)＋shouldcould/might/would/＋動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If＋主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)＋shouldcould/might/would/＋have＋過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè)①If＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式②If＋主語(yǔ)＋wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形③If＋主語(yǔ)＋should＋動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)＋shouldcould/might/would/＋動(dòng)詞原形二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法

If

you

had

taken

my

advice，

you

would

not

have

failed

inthe

exams.假如你聽(tīng)了我的建議的話，你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。(實(shí)際上沒(méi)考好)If

you

came

tomorrow，we

would

have

the

meeting.假如你明天來(lái)的話，我們就開(kāi)會(huì)。If

it

were

to

rain

tomorrow，the

sports

meeting

would

beput

off.如果明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就推遲。If

he

should

not

come

tomorrow，we

should

put

off

themeeting

till

next

Monday.假如他明天不來(lái)，我們將會(huì)議推遲到下周一。使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1．當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)(被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If

you

had

studied

hard

before，you

would

be

a

collegestudent

now.假如你以前努力學(xué)習(xí)，你現(xiàn)在就是一位大學(xué)生了。2．在條件句中可省略

if，把

were，had，should

提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。If

I

were

at

school

again，I

would

study

harder.→Were

I

at

school

again，I

would

study

harder.如果再次回到學(xué)校的話，我會(huì)更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。

If

you

had

come

earlier，you

would

have

caught

thebus.→Had

you

come

earlier，you

would

have

caught

the

bus.如果早點(diǎn)來(lái)的話，你肯定趕上了公交車。If

it

should

rain

tomorrow，we

would

not

go

climbing.→Should

it

rain

tomorrow，we

would

not

go

climbing.明天下雨的話，我們就不去爬山。

注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為否定，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如：Were

it

not

for

the

expense，I

would

goabroad

now.如果不是費(fèi)用問(wèn)題，我現(xiàn)在就出國(guó)了。但不能說(shuō)：Weren't

it

for

the

expense，I

would

go

abroad

now.3．用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用的介詞有

with，without，but

for。What

would

you

do

with

a

million

dollars？(if

you

had

amillion

dollars)假如有一百萬(wàn)的話，你會(huì)做什么？We

couldn't

have

finished

the

work

ahead

of

timewithout

your

help.(if

we

hadn't

got

your

help)Without

your

help，we

couldn't

have

finished

the

workahead

of

time.(＝But

for

your

help，...＝If

it

had

not

been

for

yourhelp，...＝Had

it

not

been

for

your

help，...)如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們是不能提前完成工作的。4．含蓄條件句。有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)

if

引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。I

was

ill

that

day.Otherwise，I

would

have

taken

part

inthe

sports

meeting.(副詞)那天我病了。要不然我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。He

telephoned

to

inform

me

of

your

birthday，

or

I

wouldhave

known

nothing

about

it.(連詞)是他打電話告訴我你的生日的，否則我什么都不知道。A

man

who

stopped

drinking

water

would

be

dead

inabout

seven

days.(定語(yǔ)從句)一個(gè)人

7

天左右不喝水就會(huì)死。I

might

have

given

you

more

help，but

I

was

toobusy.(連詞)我本可以給你更多幫助的，但我太忙了。Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1．

(2012·

天津高考)We

would

have

called

a

taxi

yesterdayif

Haroldus

a

ride

home.A．didn't

offerC．hasn't

offeredB.

wouldn't

offerD.

hadn't

offered

【解析】

句意：昨天如果

Harold

不讓我們搭車回家的話，我們就會(huì)叫出租車了。考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)“would

havecalled...yesterday”可知此句為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以其從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)?！敬鸢浮緿2．

(2012·

山東高考)If

weadequate

preparations，the

conference

wouldn't

have

been

so

successful.A．haven't

madeC．didn't

makeB．wouldn't

makeD．hadn't

made【解析】句意：如果我們沒(méi)有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，會(huì)議就不會(huì)如此成功。本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由主句中的

wouldn'thave

been

so

successful

可知

，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，if

從句中要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故選

D。【答案】D3．(2012·

江西高考)Wehave

bought

so

muchfood

now

that

Suzie

won't

be

with

us

for

dinner.A．may

notC．can'tB．needn'tD．mustn't【解析】句意：既然

Suize

不和我們共進(jìn)晚餐，我們本不必買那么多的食物。本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句意可知這里表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，

need't

have

done

表示本不需要做某事。A：可能不；C：不可能；D：禁止，不能與

havedone

sth.連用。

【答案】

Bfor

the

free

tickets，

I

would

not

have

gone

to

4．the

film

so

often.A．If

it

is

notC．Had

it

not

beenB．Were

it

notD．If

they

were

not【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果不是因?yàn)檫@些免費(fèi)的票，我不會(huì)那么經(jīng)常去看電影。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境，從句部分要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)假設(shè)過(guò)去的情況；為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，可將

if

省略，把

had/should/were

提前，構(gòu)成倒裝。【答案】C5．It's

hard

for

me

to

imagine

what

I

would

be

doingtoday

if

Iin

love,

at

the

age

of

seven,

with

theMelinda

Cox

Library

in

my

hometown.A.

wouldn't

have

fallenC.

should

fallB.

had

not

fallenD.

were

to

fall【解析】本題考查了混合型虛擬條件句，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)，從句表示對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)。句意：如果不是在7

歲的時(shí)候愛(ài)上家鄉(xiāng)的

Melinda

Cox

圖書(shū)館，很難想象我今天會(huì)在做什么。

【答案】

B6．If

the

weather

had

been

better，we

could

have

had

aall

day.picnic.But

it

A．rained

C．has

rainedB．rainsD．is

raining

【解析】

If

the

weather

had

been

better，

we

could

havehad

a

picnic.這個(gè)條件句的謂語(yǔ)是表過(guò)去的時(shí)間，即過(guò)去時(shí)間段上的虛擬。故而可以判斷答案