適用于老高考舊教材廣西專版2023屆高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第一部分語篇型語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)專題七情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣課件

第一部分專題七情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣英語內(nèi)容索引基礎(chǔ)自診?夯基固本高頻考點(diǎn)?探究突破新題演練?能力遷移基礎(chǔ)自診?夯基固本詞匯復(fù)習(xí)7(根據(jù)漢語提示填入以c開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以c開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。)【情景1】Acharityis1.________________(募捐)moneyforaprimaryschool,wherechildrenareinpoorliving2.________________(條件).Severaldaysago,aspeechcovering

caringforkidswasmadeinthecentralpark.Thespeakersfromthecharity

calledonthegovernmentofficerstotake3._____________(挑戰(zhàn))tomakechangesonchildren’slivingconditions.Meanwhile,theyalsosuggest4.__________(市民)shouldcreatemorechancestodevelopchildren’sgood5.______________(性格).Everyoneshouldmake6.________________(貢獻(xiàn))toofferchildrenahappychildhood.Childrenareclosely

connectedwithourfuture,andtheywillcertainly

carryoutkinddeedsforourconcern.

collectingconditionschallengescitizenscharacters

contributions譯文

一家慈善機(jī)構(gòu)正在為一所小學(xué)募捐,小學(xué)里的孩子們的生活條件不好。就在幾天前,一場關(guān)于關(guān)心孩子的演講在中心公園里舉行。來自該慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的演講者呼吁政府官員在改變孩子的生活環(huán)境方面做出挑戰(zhàn)。同時(shí),他們還建議市民們創(chuàng)造更多機(jī)會(huì)來培養(yǎng)孩子的良好性格。每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該為給孩子提供一個(gè)美好的童年做出貢獻(xiàn)。孩子們同我們的未來息息相關(guān),他們肯定會(huì)為我們對(duì)他們的關(guān)心而做出善舉的?！厩榫?】It’sbeen1.________________(證實(shí))thatJodyhadcommittedacrimeinhiscompanyfortheunfaircommercial

competitionwithhis2.________________(同伴).3.________________(比較)withothers,duringworktimehedidn’tconcentratehisenergyon4.________________(完成)thecompulsorywork,butconcernedhimselfmoreabout5.____________(舒適).Thoughhehadmadeacompromise,thecommitteeintheconference

commandedthatheshouldcompensatefortheloss.

confirmedcompanionsComparedcompletingcomfort譯文

已經(jīng)證實(shí)喬迪在公司因?yàn)楦閭兊牟还缴虡I(yè)競爭而犯罪。和其他人比較起來,在工作期間,他不集中精力完成分內(nèi)的工作,而是更多地關(guān)注個(gè)人的舒適。盡管他妥協(xié)了,但是會(huì)議上委員會(huì)命令他對(duì)損失做出補(bǔ)償。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)感情,本義用法要拿定;特殊意義需強(qiáng)記,虛擬推測(cè)辨分明。1.(2021·天津3月卷改編)Itusedtobethatyou_____________driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.

could解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:以前你可能在這里開車數(shù)英里都見不到其他人,但現(xiàn)在到處都是房子和人。根據(jù)前半句意思可知,could在此表示的是對(duì)客觀可能性的推測(cè)。2.(2020·天津卷改編)Jimsayswe_____________stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.

can解析:句意:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:吉姆說只要能夠讓房子保持干凈、整潔,我們就可以住在他的房子里。can表示許可,意為“可以”。3.(2019·天津卷改編)Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccount_____________theyusemobilephonesinhisclass.

should解析:句意:教授警告學(xué)生們?cè)谌魏吻闆r下都不能在他的課上使用手機(jī)。on

no

account“在任何情況下都不……”。否定短語置于句首引起部分倒裝;warn后面的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣:should+動(dòng)詞原形。4.(2018·江蘇卷改編)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI_____________(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.

had解析:考查虛擬語氣。句意:這個(gè)村里有很好的社交生活,我希望我再有機(jī)會(huì)更多地融入這種生活。本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望,所以從句用一般過去時(shí)。5.(2018·北京卷改編)Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata________________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.

can解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:在今天的信息時(shí)代,數(shù)據(jù)丟失能給一個(gè)公司造成嚴(yán)重問題。在肯定句中用can表示客觀上存在的可能性。6.(2017·北京卷改編)Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,_____________easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.

had解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:塞繆爾是我們班最高的男生,他很輕松就能夠到書架頂層上的書。表示能力,用can“能夠”。7.(2017·天津卷改編)Myroomisamess,butI_____________cleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.

needn’t解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:我的房間亂得一團(tuán)糟,但是今晚出門前我不必打掃。我可以早上再打掃。根據(jù)后一句“我可以早上再打掃”可知,此處應(yīng)用needn’t表示“不必做某事”。8.(2016·天津卷改編)Itwasreallyannoying;I________________notgetaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended.

9.(2016·北京卷改編)Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou________________(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.

could解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:這真讓人惱火。我不能進(jìn)入你推薦的資料庫。由第一句“這真讓人惱火”可知,此處could為最佳答案。hadtold解析:考查虛擬語氣。句意:為什么上星期你不把你的困難告訴我呢?如果你告訴我,說不定我會(huì)幫得上忙。由問句中的last

week及

could

have

helped推知,從句是對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬,故用過去完成時(shí)。高頻考點(diǎn)?探究突破情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法表一:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義及用法例句cancould(1)能力(體力、智力、技能);(2)允許或許可(口語中常用);(3)可能性(表主觀猜測(cè),用于否定句或疑問句中);★(4)表示驚訝,通常用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中;★(5)在肯定句中表示“理論(道理)上的可能性,普遍、一般情況下可能”,而不是表示具體某事發(fā)生的可能性,指客觀的,一時(shí)的可能性注意:beableto側(cè)重在具體情境下能做某事Hecanrunfast.(能力)Could/CanIuseyourpen?(允許)Wherecan/couldhehavegone?(推測(cè))Howcanyousayitlikethat?(驚訝)Thiskindofthingcanhappeneverynowandthen.(理論上的可能)Hestudiedhardandwasabletopasstheexam.表二:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義及用法例句maymight(1)可以(問句中表示請(qǐng)求);(2)可能,或許(表推測(cè));(3)祝愿(用于倒裝句中)。注意:(1)may/mightaswell最好……,還是……為好;(2)當(dāng)may用于疑問句中時(shí),其否定回答是:No,...mustn’t;在給予別人許可時(shí),常用can來回答,但有時(shí)也用may,不能用might—MayIuseyourcomputer?(可以)—Yes,youcan.Hemay/mightbeinhisofficenow.(推測(cè))Ifthat’sthecase,Imayaswelltry.(最好……)表三:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義及用法例句must(1)必須,應(yīng)該(表示主觀要求);(2)肯定,想必(肯定句中表示主觀推測(cè));★(3)非要,偏偏(用于疑問句或條件狀語從句中)注意:(1)mustn’t表示禁止,意為“不準(zhǔn);不許”;(2)當(dāng)must用于疑問句中時(shí),其否定回答是:No,...needn’t/don’thaveto.—MustIfinishtheworktonight?(必須)—No,youdon’thaveto.Thatcan’tbetheonlyway.Theremustbeotherwaysofsolvingtheproblem.(推測(cè))Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?(非要)Youmustn’tjokewithheraboutherage.(禁止)haveto只好,不得不(客觀的必須,有時(shí)態(tài)及人稱變化)Thelasttrainhasgone.We’llhavetowalkhome.表四:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義及用法例句oughtto應(yīng)當(dāng)(表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任)Yououghttolearnhowtobepatient.should(1)應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng)(口語中較為普遍的用法);★(2)竟然(表示驚訝、難以置信或不應(yīng)該的事,常與why或how連用)Youshouldtellmewhenyouleave.(應(yīng)該)Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?(竟然)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義及用法例句shall(1)將要,會(huì)(用于第一人稱);(2)用于第一、三人稱征求對(duì)方意見或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示;(3)用于第二、三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅、決心等;★(4)用于按規(guī)定、按法律要做的事ThistimenextweekIshallbeinHunan.(會(huì))ShallIcallataxiforyou?(征求意見)Youshallhaveitbacknextweek.(命令)Eachpartyshallnotbreakthecontract.(表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定)表五:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義及用法例句usedto與would過去常常(現(xiàn)在已不再)usedto與would的用法比較:(1)兩者都表示過去的習(xí)慣,當(dāng)表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作時(shí),可互換;(2)若表示過去持續(xù)的狀態(tài),通常只用usedto,不用would;(3)若要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去與現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比,也通常只用usedtoWhenwewerechildrenwewould/usedtogoskatingeverywinter.HeusedtoliveinParis.(過去持續(xù)的狀態(tài))Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.(過去的狀態(tài))Idon’tsmokethesedays,butIusedto.(今昔對(duì)比)表六:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義及用法例句need需要(常用于否定句和疑問句中)注意:當(dāng)need用于疑問句中時(shí),其回答是“No,...needn’t.”和

“Yes,...must.”Youneedn’tcometopickmeupattheairport.—NeedIturninthepaperthismorning?—Yes,youmust.dare敢(常用于疑問句和否定句中)Howdareyousayitisunfair?Hedarednottellhismotherthetruth.2.must表示推測(cè)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)的推測(cè)用“must+動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。Hemustfeelveryhappyoncehegetsthegoodnews.一旦他得到這個(gè)好消息,他肯定感到非常開心。Mr.Wangmustbeoutnow,fornooneanswersthedoorbell.王先生此時(shí)肯定沒在家,因?yàn)闆]有人回應(yīng)門鈴。(2)表示對(duì)此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)用“must+bedoing”結(jié)構(gòu)形式。Thegirlmustbepracticingthepianointhenextroom.Shedoessoatthesametimeeveryday.那個(gè)女孩肯定正在隔壁彈鋼琴。她每天此時(shí)都彈鋼琴。(3)表示對(duì)過去或已完成事實(shí)的推測(cè)用“musthavedone”的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。Yourwordsmusthavehadaninfluenceonhim,forhehaschangedalot.你的話對(duì)他肯定產(chǎn)生了影響,因?yàn)樗淖兞嗽S多。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨天晚上肯定下雨了,因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦摹sawhimplayingbasketballontheplaygroundthismorning.Hemusthaverecoveredfromhisfootinjury.今天上午我看到他在操場上打籃球了。他的腳傷肯定好了。3.“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”的用法(1)對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測(cè)musthavedone(過去)一定……。語氣比較肯定;用于肯定句中Hecameonfootthismorning,sohisbikemusthavegonewrong.may/mighthavedone可能……。語氣不確定;用于肯定句和否定句中Hehasn’tcomeyet,sohemighthaveforgottenourappointment.can/couldhavedone用于否定句和疑問句中,表示懷疑或不確定Mr.Smithcan’thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.(2)表示與過去事實(shí)相反

should/oughttohavedone原本應(yīng)該做……(但未做到)Yououghtto/shouldhavestudiedharder.shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone原本不應(yīng)該做……(但做了)Heoughtn’tto/shouldn’thavedonethat.couldhavedone本來可以做或有能力做,而實(shí)際上未做IcouldhavepassedmyexaminationeasilybutImadetoomanystupidmistakes.needn’thavedone原本不必做而實(shí)際上卻做了Ineedn’thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.虛擬語氣一、虛擬語氣用于狀語從句中1.虛擬語氣用于非真實(shí)條件句類別條件從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式(be動(dòng)詞的形式一律用were)would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhewereindoors,hewouldn’tfeelsocold.與過去事實(shí)相反had+動(dòng)詞-ed形式would/should/could/might+havedoneIfyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedthetest.類別條件從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞例句與將來事實(shí)相反過去式(be動(dòng)詞的形式一律用were)wereto+動(dòng)詞原形should+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhewereherethisevening,wewouldplaycards.IfsheweretomarryJack,shewouldbehappy.Ifsheshouldknowit,shewouldtellme.2.虛擬條件句的倒裝與省略如果虛擬條件句中有were,had(助動(dòng)詞)或should時(shí),可將were,had或should提前到主語之前形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)省去if。若虛擬條件句為否定句時(shí),not不提前。IfJohnwerehere,hewouldsolvetheproblemeasily.→WereJohnhere,hewouldsolvetheproblemeasily.如果約翰在這兒,他會(huì)很容易地解決這一問題。Ifyouhadtoldmeyouwouldcomeinadvance,Iwouldhavemadearrangements.→Hadyoutoldmeyouwouldcomeinadvance,Iwouldhavemadearrangements.如果你提前告知我你要來,我就會(huì)做好安排的。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,allthecropswouldbesaved.→Shoulditraintomorrow,allthecropswouldbesaved.如果明天下雨的話,所有莊稼就有救了。Ifyouhadn’twarnedmeoftheterribleweather,Iwouldhavebeencaughtintheheavyrain.→Hadyounotwarnedmeoftheterribleweather,Iwouldhavebeencaughtintheheavyrain.如果你沒有提醒我惡劣天氣的話,我就會(huì)淋到大雨的。3.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句虛擬條件句和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致,主句和從句的謂語要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式。IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedthefilmlastnight.如果我是你,我不會(huì)錯(cuò)過昨晚那部電影的。Iftheyhadlefthomeintheearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.要是他們一大早離開家的話,再過半個(gè)小時(shí)他們就該到了。IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,hewouldbeabletospeakitmuchbetternow.如果他以前花更多的時(shí)間來練習(xí)說英語的話,現(xiàn)在他就能說得更好了。4.含蓄虛擬條件句通過上下文或用介詞(短語)等表示虛擬條件取代虛擬條件句。常用的介詞(短語)有with,without,butfor,otherwise,or等。Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.要不是你的幫助,我們是不會(huì)成功的。Withoutelectricity,lifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.如果沒有電,今天的生活就會(huì)完全不同。Hedidn’tworkhard,otherwisehewouldhavepassedtheexam.他沒有努力,否則的話他就通過考試了。二、虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句中1.用于賓語從句中(1)wish后面所跟賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:wish+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)+其他表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬:wish+主語+had+動(dòng)詞-ed形式+其他表示對(duì)將來情況的虛擬:wish+主語+would/could+動(dòng)詞原形+其他Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.我希望我是只小鳥,能在天空中自由飛翔。HowIwishIhadlistenedtomyparents’advice!我多么希望我聽了父母的建議!HowIwishitweren’trainingnow!我多希望現(xiàn)在沒下雨啊!(2)含有表示要求(request,require,demand,desire)、建議(suggest,advise,recommend,propose)、命令(order,command)、主張(insist)等詞或其變形的名詞性從句(賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)中,常用虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.他建議我們第二天早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。(3)在wouldrather后的賓語從句中,也用虛擬語氣,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:wouldrathersb.+動(dòng)詞過去式(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?/had+動(dòng)詞-ed形式(表示過去的愿望)Iwouldrathertheydidn’thearofthenews.我寧愿他們沒聽到那個(gè)消息。He’dratherIlefttomorrow.他寧愿我明天離開。Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldhimthenewsyet.我寧愿你沒把消息告訴他。2.用于主語從句中Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/apity/essential...+that從句,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.人們建議會(huì)議推遲到下周。It’sstronglysuggestedthatmeasures(should)betakentoforbidstudentstocheatintheexams.強(qiáng)烈建議采取措施來禁止學(xué)生在考試中作弊。3.用于表語從句和同位語從句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,其構(gòu)成是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.我的意見是在接受之前我們要反復(fù)考慮。Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.我們都同意他讓我們?nèi)ゴ筮B旅游的建議。三、特殊句型中的虛擬語氣

句式結(jié)構(gòu)針對(duì)過去針對(duì)現(xiàn)在針對(duì)將來Itis(high)time(that)...

過去式ifonly引導(dǎo)的條件句或感嘆句had+動(dòng)詞-ed形式過去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句或方式狀語從句had+動(dòng)詞-ed形式過去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形It’shightimethatwedevotedourselvestoenvironmentalprotectionandecologicalimprovement.是我們致力于環(huán)境保護(hù)和生態(tài)改善的時(shí)候了。IfonlyIhadnotbeenilllastweek!要是上周我沒病該多好啊!Don’thandlethevaseasifitweremadeofsteel.不要對(duì)待那個(gè)花瓶就像它是由鋼制成的一樣。附:特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣黃金口訣虛擬用在名從中,shoulddo結(jié)構(gòu)要記清;一個(gè)堅(jiān)持兩命令,三個(gè)要求四建議;it做主后有形,奇怪重要自然行;wish之后有賓從,虛擬時(shí)態(tài)退一層;asif/ifonly/wouldrather,時(shí)態(tài)也要退一層;It’s(high)timethatsb.didsth.此種形式要記清。新題演練?能力遷移一、用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空1.(2022·天津南開高三一模改編)Therewasnosignofabreak-in,sothethief_____________havesomeoneontheinsidehelpingthem.

2.I’veorderedsomepizza,sowe________________notworryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.

3.They________________havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.

4.ItisverycoldinthefarnorthendofHeilongjiangProvinceandthetemperature_______________droptoaslowas-50℃.

mustneedshouldcan5.Thechildren________________havegotlostinthewoods;otherwise,theywouldhavebeenatthelakesidecampasscheduled.

6.Youcan’timaginethatsuchagoodstudentlikehim_______________failintheexam.

7.WhenIwasachild,I_____________watchTVwheneverIwantedto.

8.Itisnecessarythatyou________________learnasecondlanguagesothatyoumayhavemorejobopportunities.

mustshouldcouldshould二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.We_____________(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.

2._____________(be)therenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.

3.Wewouldratherourdaughter________________(stay)athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.

4.Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey__________________(come)toourhelp.

wouldbeWerestayedwouldhavecome5.—Howdidyoudointhetest?—Notsowell.I__________________(do)muchbetterbutImisreadthedirectionsforPartD.

6.Ifwe__________________(book)atableearlier,wecouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.

7.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam__________________(be)attheageofsixmonthsold.

8.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI_______________(do)it?

couldhavedone

hadbooked(should)be

haddone9.—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?—No.Ifso,he________________________(drive)hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.

10.Itishightimethatwe________________(take)immediateactiontochangethepresentsituationbeforeitistoolate.

wouldhavedriventook三、語篇填空(2022·山東淄博高三二模)CountlessvisitorstotheForbiddenCityarequicklyattractedbyitsarchitecturalsplendor.Coveringsome720,000squaremetersand

1.___________(official)knownasthePalaceMuseum,itwashome2.__________royalfamiliesoftheMingandQingdynasties.Manylegendsandstoriesliebehinditsredwallsandunderthegolden3.________________(roof).

officiallytoroofsIn2020,whenthe600thanniversaryofthevenue’s4.______________(complete)wasmarkedwithanexhibition,anarchaeologicalproject5.________________(launch)inOctoberinthewesternpartofthepa