必修④ Unit 3 課下主題訓練 自然科學研究成果

PAGE第8頁共11頁必修④Unit3課下主題訓練自然科學研究成果課時作業(yè)(一)一、主題語基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識記)①download□ ②command□③systematic□ ④platform□⑤blog□ ⑥address□⑦operate□ ⑧replace□⑨calculate□ eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))process□?drawback□ ?communicate□?surf□ ?intelligent□?guarantee□ ?automatic□?file□ ?digital□?scan□ ?instant□(二)主題詞匯訓練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)download,communicate,surf,file,blog,address,process,drawback,command,platform1．WhenBarbieuxstartedhisblog,_hesimplyhopedtocommunicatewithafewpeople.2．Mostofthefoodwebuyisprocessedinsomeway.3．Besuretosavetherevisedversionofthefileunderanewfilename.4．BeforeIsetoff,Ienteredthecommandintomynavigationalcomputer.5．ManypeoplenowwouldrelyonsurfingtheInternetratherthanreadnewspapersfornews.6．Hetoldmetosendhislettersontohisnewaddresswhenhemoved.7．Microblogcanprovideaplatformtoshowourtalentandreleaseourpressure.8．Parentsandchildrenshouldcommunicatemoretonarrowthegenerationgapbetweenthem.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Teacherswillneverbereplacedbycomputersintheclassroom.2．ThereisnodoubtthattheInternetmakescommunication(communicate)easierandhelpsuskeepupwiththelatestinformation.3．Butwhenhelookedtotheside,hesawinstantly(instant)thatitwasn'tadogatall,butawolf.4．IhaveagoodcommandofbusinessEnglish,andbeexperiencedincomputeroperation(operate)．5．Theintelligent(intelligence)robotswillreplacehumanbeingsinrescuingpeopleindangeroussituations.6．Atonetime,computerswereexpectedlargelytoremovetheneedforpapercopiesofdocumentsbecausetheycouldbestoreddigitally(digital)．Ⅲ.寫出下列句中藍色詞的漢語意思1．However,alotofIntellectualProperty,includingsongs,films,booksandartworks,canbedownloadedtodayfreeofchargeusingtheInternet.下載2．Thecomputerwasprogrammedtocalculatedistancesbetweentwoobjects.計算3．Itoldthegentlemanthatthedoorhadanautomaticopener,andhedidnotneedtostaytoholditopen.自動的4．Alotofresearchisbeingconductedinthisarea,butsofar,thebrainscanningequipmentandcorrespondingcomputerprogramshaven'tbeenabletoactuallyreadthoughts.掃描5．Inthissection,wepresentabriefbutsystematicdiscussionoffunctions(函數(shù))andtheirgraphs.系統(tǒng)的Ⅳ.用本單元詞匯替換/升級加黑詞匯1．Mostdomesticfreezersoperateatbelow－18°C.function2．Hefelttheapartment'sonlydrawbackwasthatitwastoosmall.disadvantage3．Peoplebegantobeworriedabouttheairpollutionhere.be_concerned_about二、主題語篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AChinarecentlycompletedanin-flightconfirmationforsatellitedrag-freecontroltechnology,markingastepforwardinthecountry'sspace-basedgravitationalwave(引力波)detectionprogram.State-ownedChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation(CASC)confirmedthesuccesswiththeTianqin-1,thecountry'sfirstsatelliteforspace-basedgravitationalwavedetection,onSaturday.Drag-freecontroltechnologyblocksforcesthataffectasatellite,excludinggravity,soitcanremainstable,thereportsaid,notingthatforcesneedtobecanceledincludingsunlightpressureandatmosphericdrag.Basedonflightdata,thenewtechnologyreducedexternal(外部的)forcesontheTianqin-1'saccelerationbylessthan1-400millionthofthegravitationalacceleration,markingabetterresultthantheEuropeanSpaceAgency'sGOCEsatellite's1-300millionth.Theresultssuggestthatexternalforceshaveanaccelerationeffectoflessthanahumanyawn,thereportsaid.Moreover,theChinesetechnologywassuccessfulinreducingthedisplacementfromexternalforcesto30nanometers,or1-4,000thofthediameterofanadulthumanhairstrand.Itisalsobetterthantheinternationallywell-knownLISAsatellite's40nanometers,accordingtoScienceandTechnologyDaily.ThetworesultshavesignificanttheoreticalandpracticalvalueindetectingEarth'sgravitationalfield,accordingtothereport.Withthislatestachievement,theTianqin-1hasproventhelevelofitstechnology.TheresearchinstituteunderCASCstartedconductingrelatedresearchin2010,accordingtoScienceandTechnologyDaily,whichalsonotedthatChinastillneedstimetopracticallyapplythetechnologytogravitationalwavedetection.LaunchedonDecember20,2019,theTianqin-1isChina'sfirsttechnologydemonstrationsatelliteintheTianqingravitationalwavedetectionprogram.StartedbytheSunYat-senUniversityin2015,theprogramwilleventuallyconsistofthreesatellitesthatwillformatrianglearoundEarth.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了“天琴一號”衛(wèi)星上應用的無拖拽控制技術，該技術體現(xiàn)了中國科技的進步。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A．Gravitationalwavedetection.B．Drag-freecontroltechnology.C．Acertainspacesatellite.D．Sunlightpressure.解析：選C代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Drag-freecontroltechnologyblocksforcesthataffectasatellite,excludinggravity,soitcanremainstable”可知，無拖拽控制技術可以阻止除引力外影響衛(wèi)星的力，因此衛(wèi)星可以保持穩(wěn)定，故畫線詞it指的是“衛(wèi)星”，故C項正確。2．WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph3?A．Ourtechnologyishighlyadvanced.B．TheTianqin-1iswidelyknownworldwide.C．TheLISAsatelliteisatotalsuccess.D．TheTianqin-1'saccelerationisincreased.解析：選A推理判斷題。第三段前半部分說中國的新技術比歐洲的先進，無拖拽控制技術使得外力對加速度的影響比打哈欠給人帶來的加速度的影響還要小，后半部分強調(diào)這一技術優(yōu)于國際著名的LISA衛(wèi)星應用的技術，故本段的主要目的是向讀者展示中國先進的科技，故A項正確。3．WhatisTRUEabouttheTianqin-1?A．Itwassentintospacein2015.B．Itguaranteesgreateraccuracywhenworking.C．Itstillneedstimetoremainstable.D．Itcancreategravitationalwaves.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，中國這一技術(無拖拽控制技術)將外力引起的衛(wèi)星移位控制在了30納米，優(yōu)于國際著名的LISA衛(wèi)星的40納米。由此可推知“天琴一號”在工作時可以保證較高的準確性。故B項正確。4．Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Anartmagazine. B．Atravelbrochure.C．Amathematicessay. D．Asciencejournal.解析：選D文章出處題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了中國航天事業(yè)上的科技進步，故本文很有可能選自科學雜志，故D項正確。BScientistshavedevelopedanewtypeofsmartbandage(繃帶)thatcansignalthetypeofbacterial(細菌的)infectionit'sprotecting,justlikeatrafficlight,aswellasreleasetherighttypeofdrugsondemand.Thetrafficlightsystemworksjustlikethis:Greenmeansnobacteriaoralowconcentrationofbacteria,yellowmeansdrug-sensitive(DS)bacteriaresponsivetostandardantibiotics(抗生素)andthatcausesantibioticrelease,andredmeansdrug-resistant(DR)bacteriathatneedextrahelptobewipedout.Intestingthebandageonmice,theresearchteamwasabletosuccessfullytreatbothDSandDRinfectionsusingthenewmethod.However,thecommonmethodsofsensingresistancearelimitedbytime,therequirementforprofessionalpersonnel,andexpensiveinstruments.Moreover,theabuseofantibioticscausestheacceleratedprocessofbacterialresistance.It'seasytoseehowasimplebandageandlightcouldovercomesomeoftheselimitations.Treatmentdoesn'thavetowaitforadoctortomakeadiagnosis,andthebandagecangettherightsortofdrugsappliedattheearliestopportunity.What'smore,thepersonwearingthebandagegetsreal-timefeedbackonwhat'shappeningwiththeinfection,ifthere'saninfection.Theresearcherssayitoffersnumerousbenefitsoverexistingtreatmentsthatmakeuseoflight,includingphotodynamictherapyorPDT.We'vebeenseeingquiteafewupgradestothetraditionalbandageinrecentyears,thankstoadvancesinscience—likethenanofibremeshthatattractsbacteriaanddrawssomeofthemout,speedingupthehealingprocess.Thenthere'sthenovelbandagefortreatingburns,whichstopsbacteriafrommultiplyingandlowerstheriskofinfection.Themoreworkthatabandagecandowhileit'sprotectingawound,thebetter.Effortstoimprovebandagescontinueandnowwe'vegotabandagethatnotonlyreleasesantibiotics,butalsotellsthepatientexactlywhat'sgoingontoo.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種新型繃帶的工作原理和特點。5．Whatisthesmartbandagemainlydesignedtodo?A．Avoidtheuseofantibiotics.B．Clearoutharmfulbacteria.C．Detectbacterialinfection.D．Increasetreatmentoptions.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，智能繃帶能顯示出它所保護的細菌感染類型。此處signal意為“標志，表明，預示”，C項符合語境。6．Whatistheadvantageofthesmartbandage?A．Itsavesmuchtimeandcost.B．Itremovestheriskofinfection.C．Itpreventsthebacterialresistance.D．Itimprovesthedoctor-patientrelationship.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句和第三段第二句可知，智能繃帶可以節(jié)省時間和花費。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Traditionalbandagesareoutofusenow.B．Moresmartbandageswillbedeveloped.C．Progressinsciencecallsformoreresearch.D．Peopleareurgedtostudymedicalscience.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段的首句可知，隨著科技進步，將有更多的新型繃帶會被開發(fā)出來。8．Whatdoesthetextfocuson?A．Asuccessfultestonmice.B．Acolour-changingbandage.C．Sensingdrug-resistantbacteria.D．Preventingabuseofantibiotics.解析：選B主旨大意題。綜合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一種新型的智能繃帶的工作原理和特點。Ⅱ.應用文寫作假定你是李華。學校最近要組織一次英語演講比賽，主題為“垃圾分類益處多”，請你根據(jù)此話題寫一篇演講稿。要點如下：1．你的觀點；2．你的建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：垃圾分類garbageclassification參考范文：Hello,everyone!I'mgladtohavethischancetosharesomeideasaboutgarbageclassificationwithyou.Tomyunderstanding,theEarthishometoeveryindividual,andit'sourdutytoprotecttheenvironmentvoluntarily.Bysortingthewaste,wecannotonlyreducepollutionbutalsosaveenergy,whichwillpavethewayforrecyclingofvaluableresources.Forthesakeofourenvironmentandlife,weareexpectedtolearntosorttherubbishandmakeitahabit.Thankyou!課時作業(yè)(二)一、主題語基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識記)①produce□ ②contribution□③advanced□ ④prospect□⑤exactly□ ⑥memory□⑦realize□ ⑧prosperous□⑨decoration□ eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))message□?convenient□ ?revolution□?invention□ ?challenge□?breakthrough□ ?stable□?matter□ ?fashionable□?developed□ ?imagination□(二)主題詞匯訓練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)produce,decoration,matter,contribution,memory，message,challenge,advanced,realize,breakthrough1．Onlyifwesticktoourdreamswillwebeabletogetoverallkindsofchallenges.2．Ibelievehewillsurelyrealizehisdream,won'the?3．Facingincreasingenergylimits,Chinaneedsabreakthroughinminingandexploration.4．Recyclingisagreatwaytosaveenergybecauseitreducestheneedtoproducenewmaterials.5．Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosedwithaseriousdisease.6．Bytheendoflastweek,wehadreceivedover1,000textmessages.7．Thehappychildhoodwespenttogetherinthecountrysideisadistantmemoryformenow.8．Asarewardforhiscontributiontobotany(植物學),JosephBankshadaflowernamedafterhim.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Theinvention(invent)ofplastic,whichisbothtoughandflexible,representedarevolutioninmaterialscience.2．Thethreespacemenmadegreatcontributions(contribute)tothedevelopmentofthespaceprogram.3．China,asadevelopingcountry,isdifferentfromAmerica,whichisadevelopedone.(develop)4．Sometimes,imagination(imagine)ismoreimportantthanknowledgeduringourstudies.5．Qingdao,amoderncitywithconvenient(convenience)transportation,ispleasanttolivein.6．Duringscientificexperiments,sheexplainsexactly(exact)whatishappeningandasaresultmyworkisimproving.7．Eveninadvanced(advance)agriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.Ⅲ.寫出下列句中藍色詞的漢語意思1．Arevolutionininformationtechnologyistakingplace.大變革2．Weareconfidentthatourcountrywillbemorepowerfulandprosperousintheprocessofrelievingpoverty.昌盛的3．Astablejobwithasteadyincomeoffersoneasenseofsecurity,especiallyintoday'shighlycompetitivesociety.穩(wěn)定的4．Thereisanexcitingprospectofapplying5G.前景，展望5．Thedecorationandfurnishingshavetobepracticalenoughforafamilyhome.裝飾6．SomestudentsthinkInternetSlangisvivid,fashionableandfullofhumorandintelligence.流行的，時尚的二、主題語篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ItwasjustanormaldayforRuthMiller,a63-year-oldwomanuntileverythingwenthorriblywrong.Shewaswalkingtohercaraftershoppingwhenthe_unthinkablehappened.Rightasshewasunlockinghercar,amanquicklycameupbehindherandtriedtowrestleherpurseaway.Shewasinshock.LuckilysherememberedshehadherSafePersonalAlarm(SPA)onherpurse,andsinceshewastooscaredtoscreamforhelp,shequicklyreachedforthealarmandpulledthepin(保險栓).ImmediatelyherSPAstartedjustscreaming.Themandidn'tknowwhattodo!Hefrozeforasecond,andthenranawaylikeabatoutofhell!SPAisasafetydevicecapableofcreatinga125dbsoundthatattractsattentionandscaresawaypotentialattackers.Tocompare,it'sthesamevolumeasamilitaryjetduringtakeoff.PaulDavidson,theinventorofSPA,knowsalltoowellthetypeofsituationthatRuthfoundherselfin.Butthat'snottheonlytypeofsituationthatSPAhelpsprotectagainst.Parentscangiveittotheirkidsasanextrameansofprotection.Teenagerscanuseitsotheycanfeelsafewalkinghome.Womencanknowit'stherewhentheyhavetousetheparkinglotatnight.“Mymother,whois76yearsold,carriesitaroundincaseshefallsandneedstoaskpeopleforhelp.IonlywishI'dthoughtofitearlier，”saidPaul.ThepolicehavebeenrecommendingSPAsinceitfirsthitthemarket.Infact,sinceitslaunch,SPAhasbeeninastate,shiftingbetweeninstocktosoldoutnearlyeveryotherweek,andit'salsogottonsofloyalfollowersworldwide.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一款市場上火爆的能夠防身的報警設備SPA。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“theunthinkable”inParagraph1referto?A．Anattemptedrobbery.B．Awrestlingmatch.C．Anangryargument.D．Acaraccident.解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)構詞法可推測，unthinkable的意義應與“難以想象”相關；再結(jié)合第二段內(nèi)容可知，此處指一起未遂的搶劫。attempted意為“未遂的”。2．HowdidRuthreacttotheunexpectedsituation?A．Shefoughtviolently.B．Shefrozeingreatfear.C．Shecrieddesperatelyforhelp.D．Shesoundedhersafetydevice.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“shequicklyreachedforthealarmandpulledthepin(保險栓)”可知，她迅速地摸到了報警器并拉下保險栓，故D項正確。3．WhyisPaul'smothermentionedinParagraph4?A．Toimplytheelderlyneedmorecare.B．Tosuggesthecaresabouthismother.C．ToshowSPAcanbewidelyused.D．TomakeanadvertisementforSPA.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Butthat'snottheonlytypeofsituationthatSPAhelpsprotectagainst”以及后面關于孩子、婦女和老人使用該設備的好處的例子可知，作者想借此說明此設備還有更多的用途。4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．SPAiswellreceivedinthemarket.B．Peoplehesitatetopayforsecurity.C．SPAwassoldoutinthefirsttwoweeks.D．Thepolicealwaysrecommendproducts.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，SPA在市場上得到了人們的一致認可。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Researchershavedevelopedanewmachinesystemthatcandetectlungcanceraswellasorbetterthandoctors.__1__.Itteachescomputerstolearnbyexample.TheWorldHealthOrganizationreportslungcancerasthemostcommonformofcancer,resultinginabout1.7milliondeaths.__2__.However,survivalratescanbegreatlyimprovedwhenthediseaseiscaughtearly.Formanyyears,doctorshaveattemptedtoimprovescreeningmethodstodetectlungcancer.__3__.ACTscanusesX-raysandacomputertomakedetailedimagesofbones,organsandothertissuesinsidethebody.DoctorswhoaretrainedtostudyCTimagesexaminethescanstolookforevidenceofcancer.__4__.Themethodcanreducedeathratesby20to43percent,butitalsoresultsinahighrateoffalsecancerdiagnoses.Thenewdeep-learningsystemuses3DtechnologytoexaminetheCTscans.ThemethodworksbylearninghowtodetectsignsofcancerfromalargenumberofCTsamples.Googlesaidinastatement,“Wedetectedfivepercentmorecancercaseswhilereducingfalse-positiveexamsbymorethan11percentcomparedtounassistedradiologistsinourstudy.”Dr.Mozziyarhelpedleadtheresearch.__5__.“Ourmodelwasabletodetecttheseearlysigns—oneyearbeforethepatientwasactuallydiagnosed，”Pengsaid.“Andthatyearcouldtranslatetoanincreasedsurvivalrateof40percentforpatientslikethis.”A．ThemethodcanpredictcancerinpatientsB．ThemostcommontoolcurrentlyusedisCTC．TheprocesscaninvolvehundredsofimagesD．Thesystemispoweredbyamethodofartificialintelligence,orAIE．LungcancerhasoneoftheworstsurvivalratesamongallcancersF．Hesaidtheuseof3Dtechnology,marksabigstepinCTexaminationG．Thestudyreportsthesystemwastestedon6,716caseswithknowndiagnoses語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。肺癌的死亡率很高，研究人員利用人工智能開發(fā)出一個新的體系，以提高對于肺癌的早期診斷準確率，從而改進癌癥的治療效果。1．解析：選D前文介紹研究人員開發(fā)了診斷肺癌的新機器，下文說“它讓電腦學習病例”，D項“Thesystem”與前文的“anewmachinesystem”呼應，“artificialintelligence”與下文的內(nèi)容呼應。2．解析：選E下文的however表明本空內(nèi)容應該與前文構成一個完整的信息鏈：前文說肺癌的死亡率，E項說肺癌的生存率最低，前后內(nèi)容呼應，因此選E。3．解析：選B前文說醫(yī)生一直在尋找辦法改進對肺癌的診斷，B項說“目前最常用的辦法是做CT檢查”，并與后面的內(nèi)容吻合，因此選B。4．解析：選CC項的“hundredsofimages”與前文的“CTimages”呼應，符合語境。5．解析：選FF項的“Hesaid”與前文