選擇性必修② UNIT 6 課下主題訓練 人類生存、社會發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關系

PAGE第5頁共5頁選擇性必修②UNIT6課下主題訓練人類生存、社會發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關系Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWhilethehumanworldissufferingfromthenovelcoronavirusoutbreak,ourplanetisactuallyshowingcertainsignsof“recovery”fromthedamagecausedbyhumanactivity.AccordingtotheBBC,newsatelliteimagesreleasedbytheEuropeanSpaceAgencyshowedthatlevelsofairpollutantsandgreenhousegaseshave“fallensharply”inmajorcitiesinEuropeandtheUnitedStateseversincethelockdownstarted.ThisiswhathappenedafterrecentdiscoveriesinAntarctica.Aninternationalteamof89scientistsfoundthattheiceinGreenlandandAntarcticameltedsixtimesfasterinthe2010sthanitwasinthe1990s.AndinFebruary,Argentina'sMarambioBaseinAntarcticarecordedarecordhightemperatureof20.75℃Sowhatexactlywillhappenifthetemperaturekeepsrisingandtheicekeepsmelting?Athirdstudymightgiveyouanidea.AteamofscientistsdrilledaholeintotheseafloorinWestAntarcticaandextracted(提取)materialfromunderground,inwhichtheyfoundtracesofroots,sporesandpollen—typicalproductsofarainforest—thatdatedback90millionyears.Inotherwords,AntarcticawasverylikelyarainforestbackwhenthedinosaurswalkedonEarth.ButgiventhefactthattheSouthPolehasfourmonthsofdarknessduringwinter—evenmillionsofyearsago—scientistsbelievethattherainforestcouldonlyexistifthegreenhousegasconcentrationswereextremelyhighbackthentokeepthecontinentwarmwhentherewaslittleornosunlight.“Wedidn'tknowthatthisCretaceous(白堊紀的)greenhouseclimatewasthatextreme，”JohannKlagesoftheAlfredWegenerInstituteinGermanyandaco-authoroftheresearchtoldtheGuardian.“Itshowsuswhatcarbondioxideisabletodo.”Withiceornoice,Antarcticawillbe—andhasalwaysbeen—finewithextremechanges.Thehumanworld,however,maynotbe.Now,duringthecoronaviruslockdown,we'veseenthechangesresultingfromlesshumanactivity.Hopefully,we'llholdontothosechanges—notforAntarcticaortheplanet,butforourselves.語篇解讀：文章主要介紹了人類活動的減少給環(huán)境帶來了好處。為了人類的生存，我們應該繼續(xù)保持住由于人類活動減少而帶來的變化。1．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A．Ourplanetisreturningtoitsoriginalstateduetothenovelcoronavirusoutbreak.B．Thelockdownofmajorcitiescontributedtothedecreaseofgreenhousegases.C．Thenovelcoronavirushasnoeffectonthehumanbeings.D．Thenovelcoronavirusoutbreakresultedfromhumanactivity.解析：選B段落大意題。根據第一段的內容可知，該段主要介紹了自從對人的活動限制開始以來，歐美主要城市的空氣污染物和溫室氣體水平急劇下降。故選B。2．Whatdowelearnfromthethirdstudy?A．TypicalproductsofarainforestweredugoutinAntarctica.B．TracesofdinosaurslivinginrainforestswerespottedinAntarctica.C．TherewasagoodpossibilityofhighgreenhousegasconcentrationsinAntarctica.D．ThereusedtobeenoughsunlightfortherainforestintheCretaceousAntarctica.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據第三段最后一句可知，考慮到數百萬年前在冬天南極也有四個月的黑暗時間，科學家們認為，只有當時溫室氣體濃度極高以便在很少或沒有陽光的情況下依然能保持大陸溫暖時，熱帶雨林才可能存在。由此可推知，該研究表明，南極洲曾經的溫室氣體的濃度很可能非常高。故選C。3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Humanactivitydoesn'tthreatenlifeinAntarctica.B．TheiceinAntarcticameltedfasterinthe2010sthannow.C．Weshouldreducecarbondioxideemissionsforourownsake.D．Thelockdowncanbecarriedontoslowdownglobalwarming.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段最后一句以及第五段和第六段的內容可知，二氧化碳能造成巨大的變化，而對南極洲來說，這些巨大的變化一直都是也將會是可以接受的，然而對人類世界來說可能不是；我們應該為了自己而保持住由于人類活動減少而帶來的變化。由此可知，為了我們自己，我們必須減少二氧化碳的排放。故選C。4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toencourageustodefeatthenovelcoronavirus.B．Toexplaintheeffectsofgreenhousegases.C．TodrawourattentiontotheecosysteminAntarctica.D．Tocallonustoreducehumanimpactontheenvironment.解析：選D寫作意圖題。根據文章內容尤其是最后一段可知，人類活動的減少給環(huán)境帶來了變化，因此為了人類自身的生存，我們應該繼續(xù)保持住由于人類活動減少而帶來的變化。由此可知，本文的主要目的在于呼吁人們減少人類對環(huán)境的影響。故選D。BAsfarbackastheageofdinosaursmillionsofyearsago,turtles(海龜)wanderedaroundtheEarth.Evennowadaysitisgenerallyassumedthatturtlesaretheworld'ssteadiestcreature.However,anewresearchshows61percentofthe356speciesofturtlesarealreadythreatenedornolongerexist.Thedestructionoftheirhomes,disease,climatechangeandotherreasonshavecausedtheirpopulationtodropsharply.InanewstudypublishedinthejournalBioScience,ateamofscientistsfromvariousinstitutionsclaimsthatturtlesareoneofthemostthreatenedamongthemajorvertebrate(脊椎動物)groups.“Thiscould，”theauthorssay,“haveseriousconsequencesfortheecology.”Turtlescontributetothehealthofmanyenvironments,includingdesert,wetland,freshwaterandmarineecosystems,andthedeclinemayleadtobadeffectsonotherspecies,includinghumans,theyexplain.WhitGibbons,seniorauthorandprofessorattheUniversityofGeorgia'sSavannahRiverEcologyLaboratory,saysinastatementthattheintentionofthestudyistoinformpeopleaboutthevitalecologicalrolesofturtles.Oneoftheimportantqualitiesofturtlesishowdiversetheyarewhenitcomestofood.Thisallowsthemtohaveamajorimpactonfoodwebsoftheirhomesallovertheworld.Insomeareas,thedensity(密度)oftheturtlepopulationmakesthemanimportantpartoftheecosystem.Withtheirgathering,otherspeciesthatfeedonthemandtheireggsaresuretohavealargepooloffood.Forplants,turtlesarealsoextremelyimportantastheydistributetheseedsofmanyplantspecies.Whentheyeat,someseedsarenotdestroyedbythedigestiveprocessandinsteadmaketheirwayoutoftheanimals'body.Someturtlesarethemaindispersal(傳播)agentsofcertainplantsandtheirseeds.Theseareonlyafewyetveryvitalrolesthatturtlesplayintheecologicallandscape.Unfortunately,manyspeciesareinseriousdeclineandindangerofdisappearingcompletely.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。海龜的數量急劇下降，這對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有負面影響。5．Whatdoesthenewstudyaimtodo?A．Tosavethegrandvertebrategroupsonearth.B．Towarnpeopleofturtles'terriblesituation.C．Tomaketheimportanceofturtles'rolesknown.D．Toclaimturtlesmayberelatedtodinosaurs.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“theintentionofthestudyistoinformpeopleaboutthevitalecologicalrolesofturtles”可知，這個研究的目的是讓人們了解海龜對生態(tài)的重要作用。故選C。6．Howmightthedisappearanceofturtlesinfluencecertainplants?A．Speeduptheseplants'disappearing.B．Putanendtotheseplants'seedspreading.C．Allowmoreseedstogrowintoplants.D．Givetheseplantsnochanceofsurvival.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據第五段內容可知，海龜通過吃下植物的種子然后將其排出體外來進行植物種子的傳播，一些海龜是某些植物及其種子的主要傳播媒介。由此可推知，海龜的消失也可能加速這些植物的滅絕。故選A。7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TurtlesAreSuretoStopExistingB．TheEcologyWillChangewithTurtlesC．DeclineofTurtlesThreatenstheWorldD．Turtles'DyingOutWorldwideMattersaLot解析：選D標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，作者介紹了目前海龜數量大范圍減少的狀況以及海龜的存在對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要作用，故選D。Ⅱ.語法填空Youmaynotwanttoadmitit,butactuallyatonetimeinyourlife,you'vetalkedtoananimal.Maybeitwaslettingadogknowitwasagooddog__1__askingacatwhereithadbeen.Maybeyougavewordsof__2__(encourage)toanelephantorscoldedasheep.Whicheveranimalitwasyoutalkedto,onethingisforsure:itprobablydidn'ttalkback.Whatifitcould？__3__(science)areworkingonwaystonotonlyunderstandwhatanimalsaresaying,butalsostudywhethertheycantalkbackoneday.Maybetheirworkwillchange__4__waywethinkaboutanimalsinthefuture.Sofar,noone__5__(prove)thatananimaloraspecieshasalanguage,partlybecausethereisno__6___(universe)ideaofwhatcanbeconsideredasalanguage.But__7__(broad)speaking，languageshouldbeadistinctand__8__(organize)formofcommunication,whichhasbeenlearnedandusedwillingly.Whenyourdogbarks,youdon'tconsideritaslanguage.Thereasonisthatdogsarebornwiththeability.Butsomestudiessuggestthatsomeanimalsdocommunicateinaverycomplexmanner__9__(show)characteristicsoflanguage.So,maybeweareclose__10___talkingwithanimals.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。生活中存在人和動物對話的情況，其實動物也有自己的語言表達形式?？茖W家們不僅在研究動物們說什么，而且還在研究有朝一日它們是否會回應。1．or考查連詞。句意：也許是讓一只狗知道它是一只好狗，或者是問一只貓它去了哪里。此處指你和動物談話的內容，前后之間是選擇關系，故填or。2．encouragement考查名詞。此處和of連用修飾名詞words，用名詞。指“鼓勵的話”，故填encouragement。3．Scientists考查名詞復數。此處作主語應用名詞形式，根據語境可知，此處表示“科學家”，與動詞are一致應用復數形式。故填Scientists。4．the考查冠詞。此處特指我們對未來動物的看法，表特指用定冠詞，故填the。5．hasproved/proven考查動詞的時態(tài)。句中時間狀語“Sofar”與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，與主語“noone”一致用單數形式，故填hasproved/proven。6．universal考查形容詞。修飾句中名詞idea用形容詞，指“普遍的想法”，故填universal。7．broadly考查副詞。修飾speaking用副詞，指“一般地說，廣義地說”，故填broadly。8．organized考查非謂