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段落較短段意段落越長(zhǎng)越直5正確答一選不行就再再選未遂就放不要段落較短段意段落越長(zhǎng)越直5正確答一選不行就再再選未遂就放不要糾纏第一回頭排除也可四種造成閱讀心理負(fù)擔(dān)的長(zhǎng)難句及攻克方However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkinganawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-carenecessaryconditionofaproperhuman長(zhǎng)狀語(yǔ)一般是由這些詞引導(dǎo)而出含有長(zhǎng)狀語(yǔ)的句第一Inspite第二被插入語(yǔ)/括號(hào)/雙破折號(hào)/雙逗號(hào)隔開的句CountriesallacrosstheInspite第二被插入語(yǔ)/括號(hào)/雙破折號(hào)/雙逗號(hào)隔開的句Countriesallacrosstheworldareactivelypromotingtheirregions–suchasmountains,Arcticlands,deserts,smallislandswetlands–tohigh–spending第三種由多個(gè)短句共同構(gòu)成的句Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtohealth-resourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaleandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,takeonethefactexpensive)consumersofhealth-care劍橋p18第二Thesemisconceptionsdonotremainisolatedbutbecomeexpensive)consumersofhealth-care劍橋p18第二Thesemisconceptionsdonotremainisolatedbutbecomeintoamultifaceted,butorganized,conceptualframework,andthecomponentideas,someofwhichareerroneous,butto注意這些 the解決長(zhǎng)難句的最好方法1.精翻每個(gè)長(zhǎng)難2.學(xué)會(huì)查字查字典的時(shí)候應(yīng)該刻意去詞注意事動(dòng)*及物還是不及第四:含有代詞指代成分的句3.每天給自己一個(gè)小查做過(guò)的題3.每天給自己一個(gè)小查做過(guò)的題目中的盡量將單放入文本邊查詞邊4.定期回顧復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的不規(guī)則固定動(dòng)詞搭記一個(gè)同義詞一個(gè)反義名可數(shù)還是不可可數(shù)變化是否規(guī)形容感情色比較級(jí)和最高配套練習(xí)Youshouldspendabout20minuteson配套練習(xí)Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions28-40whicharebasedonReadingPassage3onthefollowingpages.Questions28-ReadingPassage3hasfivesectionsA-ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsAandC-Efromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumberi-viiiinboxes28-31onyouranswersheet.SectionSectionSectionSection Section Listof Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrightsThedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthTheroleofthestateinhealth- AproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountryTheimpactofrecentTheviewsofthemedicalTheendofanSustainableeconomicSectionTheproblemofSectionTheproblemofhowhealth-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportioned,sotheyaredistributedinboththemostjustandmostefficientway,isnotanewone.Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.SectionWhatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovi-sionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere‘limitstogrowth’.Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycoun-triesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbeinprinciple;the‘invisiblehand’ofeconomicprogresswouldatSectionHowever,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealisationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasnecessarycon-ditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinsti-tutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontocisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.In112sameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofSectionAlthoughthelanguageof‘rights’sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognisedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealth-careresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.Putanotherway,basichealth-careisnowrecog-nisedasa‘publicgood’,ratherthana‘privategood’thatoneisexpectedtobuyforoneself.Asthe1976declarationoftheWorldHealthOrganisationputit:‘Theenjoy-mentofthehighestattainablestandardofhealthisoneofthefundamentalrightsofeveryhumanbeingwithoutdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.’Ashasjustbeenremarked,inaliberalsocietybasichealthisseenasoneoftheindispensableconditionsfortheexerciseofpersonalautonomy.SectionJustatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossi-blymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfun-damentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECD1countries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.ThusinOECDcountriesasawhole,healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDP2IN1960TO7%of
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