ISO 8573-6 2003(en)壓縮空氣 第6部分：氣態(tài)污染物含量測量方法

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BRITISHSTANDARD

Compressedair—

Part6:Testmethodsforgaseouscontaminantcontent

ICS71.100.20

NOCOPYINGWITHOUTBSIPERMISSIONEXCEPTASPERMITTEDBYCOPYRIGHTLAW

BSISO

8573-6:2003

Britishstandards

BSISO8573-6:2003

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Nationalforeword

ThisBritishStandardreproducesverbatimISO8573-6:2003andimplementsitastheUKnationalstandard.

TheUKparticipationinitspreparationwasentrustedtoTechnicalCommitteeMCE/8,Compressors,pneumatictools,pneumaticmachinesandvacuum

technology,whichhastheresponsibilityto:

—aidenquirerstounderstandthetext;

—presenttotheresponsibleinternational/Europeancommitteeany

enquiriesontheinterpretation,orproposalsforchange,andkeepthe

UKinterestsinformed;

—monitorrelatedinternationalandEuropeandevelopmentsandpromulgatethemintheUK.

Alistoforganizationsrepresentedonthiscommitteecanbeobtainedonrequesttoitssecretary.

Cross-references

TheBritishStandardswhichimplementinternationalpublicationsreferredtointhisdocumentmaybefoundintheBSICatalogueunderthesectionentitled“InternationalStandardsCorrespondenceIndex”,orbyusingthe“Search”

facilityoftheBSIElectronicCatalogueorofBritishStandardsOnline.

Thispublicationdoesnotpurporttoincludeallthenecessaryprovisionsofacontract.Usersareresponsibleforitscorrectapplication.

CompliancewithaBritishStandarddoesnotofitselfconferimmunityfromlegalobligations.

ThisBritishStandardwas

publishedundertheauthorityoftheStandardsPolicyand

StrategyCommitteeon

16June2003

?BSI16June2003

ISBN0580420566

Summaryofpages

Thisdocumentcomprisesafrontcover,aninsidefrontcover,theISOtitlepage,pagesiitov,ablankpage,pages1to12,aninsidebackcoverandabackcover.TheBSIcopyrightdatedisplayedinthisdocumentindicateswhenthe

documentwaslastissued.

Amendmentsissuedsincepublication

Amd.No.

Date

Comments

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BSISO8573?6:2003

INTERNATIONAL

STANDARD

ISO

8573-6

Firstedition2003-05-01

Compressedair—

Part6:

Testmethodsforgaseouscontaminantcontent

Aircomprimé—

Partie6:Méthodesd'essaipourladéterminationdelateneurenpolluantsgazeux

ReferencenumberISO8573-6:2003(E)

ii

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BSISO8573?6:2003

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BSISO8573?6:2003

Page

Contents

Foreword iv

Introduction v

1Scope

1

2Normativereferences

1

3Terms,definitions,unitsandsymbols

1

4Selectionguideandavailablemethods

2

5Samplingtechniques

3

6Measurementmethods

5

7Referenceconditions

5

8Evaluationoftestresult

5

9Uncertainty

5

10Testreport

6

AnnexA(informative)Compressedaircontaminantconcentrationreport—Example

7

AnnexB(informative)Measurementandsamplingproceduresonsiteandanalysisinlaboratory

8

AnnexC(informative)Analyticalandon-linesamplingsystems

9

AnnexD(informative)Equipmentforon-sitemeasurement—Samplingandmeasurement

procedures—Samplingingasdetectortube

11

Bibliography

12

iv

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BSISO8573?6:2003

Foreword

ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththe

InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.

InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part2.

ThemaintaskoftechnicalcommitteesistoprepareInternationalStandards.DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting.PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote.

Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.

ISO8573-6waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC118,Compressors,pneumatictoolsandpneumaticmachines,SubcommitteeSC4,Qualityofcompressedair.

ISO8573consistsofthefollowingparts,underthegeneraltitleCompressedair:

—Part1:Contaminantsandpurityclasses

—Part2:Testmethodsforaerosoloilcontent

—Part3:Testmethodsformeasurementofhumidity

—Part4:Testmethodsforsolidparticlecontent

—Part5:Testmethodsforoilvapourandorganicsolventcontent

—Part6:Testmethodsforgaseouscontaminantcontent

—Part7:Testmethodforviablemicrobiologicalcontaminantcontent

—Part8:Testmethodsforsolidparticlecontentbymassconcentration

—Part9:Testmethodsforliquidwatercontent

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BSISO8573?6:2003

Introduction

ThispartofISO8573isoneinaseriesofstandards(plannedorpublished)withtheambitionofharmonizingaircontaminationmeasurements.ItisalsointendedtobeusedforreferencewhenstatingpurityclassesaccordingtoISO8573-1.

InthispartofISO8573,gaseouscontaminationofcompressedairmeansthatasampleofcompressedaircouldcontainsmallquantitiesofcarbonmonoxide(CO),carbondioxide(CO2),sulphurdioxide(SO2),hydrocarbonsandoxidesofnitrogen(NOx)—thelatterbeingamixtureofnitricoxide(NO)andnitrogendioxide(NO2),withoutaspecifiedratiobetweenthetwocomponents.ItispossibletoobtainseparateconcentrationvaluesforNOandNO2usingeitherthelaboratoryequipmentrecommendedhereoron-siteequipment,whileundertherecommendedlaboratoryanalyticalprocedure,hydrocarbonsarethesumofavarietyofspeciesassumingaratioofC1H1,85.

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BSISO8573?6:2003

Compressedair—

Part6:

Testmethodsforgaseouscontaminantcontent

1Scope

ThispartofISO8573providesaselectionofsuitabletestmethodsfromthoseavailableforthemeasurementofcontaminationgasesincompressedair.Itspecifiessamplingtechnique,measurementandevaluation,uncertaintyconsiderationsandreportingfortheapplicablegaseouscontaminantscarbonmonoxide,carbondioxide,sulphurdioxide,nitricoxide,nitrogendioxideandhydrocarbonsintherangeC1toC5(seeISO8573-5forC6andabove).Themethodsgivenarealsosuitableforothergases.

2Normativereferences

Thefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.

ISO1219-1,Fluidpowersystemsandcomponents—Graphicsymbolsandcircuitdiagrams—Part1:Graphicsymbols

ISO2602,Statisticalinterpretationoftestresults—Estimationofthemean—Confidenceinterval

ISO2854,Statisticalinterpretationofdata—Techniquesofestimationandtestsrelatingtomeansandvariances

ISO8573-1,Compressedair—Part1:Contaminantsandpurityclasses

3Terms,definitions,unitsandsymbols

Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO8573-1,andthesymbolsgiveninISO1219-1apply.SeeTable1foranexplanationoftheunitsandothersymbolsused.

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BSISO8573?6:2003

Table1—Preferredunitsandsymbols(andtheirnon-preferredequivalents)usedinthispartofISO8573

Unit/symbol

Explanation

MPa[bar]

1bar=100000Pa=0,1MPa

ml/m3(=ppmV)a

Volumefractionexpressedinmillilitrespercubicmetre[=onepartpermillion(1ppm)onavolumebasis:1/106(m3/m3)]

ml/m3(=ppmV)C1

Volumefractionexpressedinmillilitrespercubicmetre[=onepartpermillion(1ppm)onavolume

basis:1/106(m3/m3)],referredtoatheoreticalC1-molecule

μg/g(=ppmW)

Massfractionexpressedinmicrogramspergram[=partspermilliononaweightbasisb]

1%byvolume

Volumefractionof1%:1/102(m3/m3)

MPa(e)[bar(e)]

Effectivepressure

MPa(a)[bar(a)]

Referenceconditionabsolutepressure

aPartspermillion(ppm)isadeprecatedunit,i.e.notacceptedbytheInternationalSystemofUnits,SI.See,forexample,ISO31-0:1992,2.3.3.

bIncommonparlance,theword"weight"continuestobeusedtomeanmass,butthispracticeisdeprecated.SeeISO31-3.

4Selectionguideandavailablemethods

Therearetwooptionsforthemeasurementofcontaminantcontent:

a)samplingandanalysison-site;

b)samplingon-site,analysisinthelaboratory.

TherecommendedmethodsandequipmentwithintheseoptionsaregiveninTable2.

Table2—Recommendedmeasurementmethods/equipment

Gaseous

contaminant

Measurementequipment

Off-site

Carbonmonoxide

(CO)

Non-dispersiveinfrared(NDIR)absorptionspectrometer

Carbondioxide(CO2)

Non-dispersiveinfrared(NDIR)absorptionspectrometer

Sulphurdioxide(SO2)

Non-dispersiveinfrared(NDIR)absorptionspectrometer

UV-fluorescence

Hydro-carbons(HC)(C1toC5)

Heatedflameionisationdetector(HFID)

Nitrogenoxides(NOx)

Chemiluminescentdetector(CLD)withanNO2/NOconverter,andinaheatedversion(HCLD)

On-site

Allidentifiedgases

Gasdetectortubeswithcolourchange

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BSISO8573?6:2003

5Samplingtechniques

5.1Gassamplinginbags

Thegassampleshallbetakenatatmosphericconditionsandcollectedinaspecialgassamplingbagmadeforthepurpose.Asampleofthecompressedairshallbecollectedinagassamplingbagfortheevaluationofthecontaminantconcentrationvalues.Allmeasurementsonthesampleshallbecarriedoutunderatmosphericpressureconditions.

Useofacommerciallyavailablegassamplingbag(e.g.onemadeoffluoroethylenepropylene)tocollectasampleofairforanalysisshouldbemadebythefollowingmethod.

Thegassamplingbagshouldbeofthetypesuitableforgascollection.Turbulentflowconditionsarerequiredinthemainsystempipetoensureamixingofthegaseouscontaminantstogivearepresentativesampleoftheair.

Connectthegassamplingbagtothesamplingpointusingaprobe(seeFigure1),throughapressurereducingvalve,byapolytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)tubeandaPTFE,orstainlesssteel,connector,dependingupontheexpectedgasimpurities.Thepipingshouldbeprotectedfromthepossibleformationcondensation.Thebagshouldhaveaventvalvetoallowforflushing.Flushingshouldtakeplacefor5minwithsystemairbeforetakingthesample.Careshouldbetakentoensurethatthebagisnotover-inflatedandofasizeconsistentwiththesamplerequired.Thebagshouldonlybere-usedifpermittedbythemanufacturer.

Togetherwiththefilledgas-samplingbaganemptyunusedgas-samplingbagshallbebroughttothelaboratoryforablindtest.

5.2On-linesampling

Thegassampleshallbetakenatsystempressureusingastainlesssteelprobe(seeFigures1and2).Theendoftheprobeoutsidethecompressedairpipeshallhaveavalve,whichshallbesuitableforallpressureconditionsofthecompressedairpipe.Theprobeshallbefreefromcontaminantsaffectingthereadings.

SeeAnnexCfortheprocedure.

5.3Samplingingasdetectortube

SeeAnnexDfortheprocedure.

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1directionofflow

2crevice-freejoint

3suitablepressure-tightthreadconnection4tomembraneholder

BSISO8573?6:2003

Key

123abc

d

samplingprobeinthemainpipe

adjustableglandtoallowadjustmentofprobe

directionofairflow

mainpipediameter,D

minimumstraightlengthbeforeprobe,10×D

probeinsertionpointatminimumof3×D

internalprobediameter,d

sampling

Figure1—Equipmentset-upofprobeinsertionfor

Key

Probe

size

A

mm

B

mm

C

mm

1

7

9,6

200

2

10

12,6

200

3

17

19,6

400

Figure2—Stainlesssteelsamplingprobe

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BSISO8573?6:2003

6Measurementmethods

TherecommendedprocedurefortheevaluationofthecontaminantconcentrationvaluesinalaboratoryisgiveninAnnexC.TheanalyticalequipmentproposedforusebyAnnexCisbasedonthedetectorprinciplesidentifiedinTable2.

Considerationshallbegiventothemeasurementsystemintegrityandthecalibrationrequirementsofthemeasurementequipment,whichshallbeusedinaccordancewiththeapplicableinstructionsandtothedegreeofgaseouscontaminationmeasured.

Forthemeasurementoftheconcentrationvalues,on-sitegasdetectortubesmaybeemployed.Thisoffersadirectreadingfromascaleviaachemicalreactionwithacolourchangeproportionaltotheactualcontaminantconcentrationintheactualcompressedairsampletaken.SeeAnnexD.

7Referenceconditions

Unlessotherwiseagreed,thereferenceconditionsforgaseouscontaminantconcentrationshallbeinaccordancewithTable3:

Table3—Referenceconditions

Airtemperature

20°C

Airpressure

0,1MPa(a)

[1bar(a)]

Relativewatervapourpressure

0

8Evaluationoftestresult

Theresultsofthemeasurementsaregivenasconcentrationvaluesofthecontaminantsasvolumefractionsorpercentagesbyvolume.SeeTable1.

9Uncertainty

NOTEAcalculationoftheprobableerroraccordingtothisclauseisnotalwaysnecessary.

Duetotheverynatureofphysicalmeasurementsitisimpossibletomeasureaphysicalquantitywithouterroror,infact,todeterminethetrueerrorofanyparticularmeasurement.However,iftheconditionsofthemeasurementaresufficientlywellknown,itispossibletoestimateorcalculateacharacteristicdeviationofthemeasuredvaluefromthetruevalue,suchthatitcanbeassertedwithacertaindegreeofconfidencethatthetrueerrorislessthanthesaiddeviation.Thevalueofsuchdeviation(normally95%confidencelimit)constitutesacriterionoftheaccuracyoftheparticularmeasurement.

Itisassumedthatallsystematicerrorsthatmayoccurinthemeasurementoftheindividualquantitiesmeasuredandofthecharacteristicsofthegascanbecompensatedforbycorrections.Afurtherassumptionisthattheconfidencelimitsinerrorsinreadingandintegrationerrorsmaybenegligibleifthenumberofreadingsissufficient:the(small)systematicerrorsthatcouldoccurarecoveredbytheinaccuracyofmeasurements.

Theinformationaboutassertingtheuncertaintyofmeasurementofindividualquantitiesmeasuredandon

confidencelimitsofthegaspropertiesareapproximations.Theseapproximationscanonlybeimprovedby

effortsofdisproportionateexpense(seeISO2602andISO2854).

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BSISO8573?6:2003

10Testreport

10.1Statements

Statementsoftheconcentrationofgaseouscontaminantsinthecompressedairshallbemadeasvolumefractions(seeTable1).ThestatementshallbesufficientlydetailedtoallowthevaluestobeverifiedaccordingtotheproceduresofthispartofISO8573.

10.2Statementformat

Thereport/statementusedtodeclaretheconcentrationofgaseouscontaminantsinaccordancewiththispart

ofISO8573shallcontainthefollowinginformation:

a)adescriptionofthecompressedairsystemanditsworkingconditions,withsufficientdetailtoenablethe

applicabilityofthedeclaredconcentrationvaluetobedetermined;

b)adescriptionofthesamplingpointwherethesamplesweretaken;

c)adescriptionofthesamplingandanalyticalsystemthatwasused(particularlymaterialsused)anddetailsofitscalibrationrecordifapplicable;

d)thewords“DeclaredconcentrationofthecontaminantCO/CO2/SO2/HC/NO/NO2inaccordancewithISO8573-6”,followedby

—thefigurefortheactual,averagemeasuredvalueevaluatedaccordingtoClause8,

—theactualatmosphericconditions,and

—thedateofthesamplingandmeasurement;

e)astatementregardingtheapplicableuncertainty.

SeeAnnexAforanexamplereport.

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BSISO8573?6:2003

AnnexA

(informative)

Compressedaircontaminantconcentrationreport—Example

SeeFigureA.1.

Statement

Inthecompressedairsystemat,consistingoffouraircompressors,after-coolersand

refrigeranttypedryers,withonecompressoronstand-by,twocompressorsworkingatfullloadandonecompressorloadedtoapprox.50%andworkingat0,7MPa(e)[=7bar(e)]networkpressure,measurementsontheconcentrationsCO,CO2,SO2,HCandNO2weremade.TheprobetoobtainthesampleswasinstalledwherethesupplypipeenterstheB-shop.

Samplesweretakenregularlyathourlyintervalsduringa48hperiod.

Eachsampleconsistedofthreeplasticgascollectionbags,manufacturedby

Atmosphericconditionsduringsamplingandmeasurementwereasfollows:

Startingdate:

19,5。C

0,1015MPa

49%relativehumidity

Finishingdate:

22。C

0,1016MPa

42%relativehumidity

NOTEAverageof48samplesforeverythreemeasurements.

Theanalysiswasmadeinlaboratory,withtheanalyticalequipmentmanufacturedby

Thecalibrationoftheanalyticalequipmentwasvalidatedon

Beforeandaftereachmeasurement,theanalysersettingwascontrolledbyspanandzerogases.

ThedeclaredconcentrationsinaccordancewithISO8573-6areasfollows:

Carbonmonoxide(CO)

(12±4)ml/m3orppmV

usedfullscalerange

(0to25)ml/m3orppmV

Carbondioxide(CO2)

(349±8)ml/m3orppmV

usedfullscalerange

(0to1000)ml/m3orppmV

Sulphurdioxide(SO2)

<3ml/m3orppmV

usedfullscalerange

(0to10)ml/m3orppmV

Hydro-carbons(HC)

(2±1)ml/m3C1orppmVC1

usedfullscalerange

(0to10)ml/m3C1orppmVC1

Nitrogenoxides(NOx)

<3ml/m3orppmV

usedfullscalerange

(0to10)ml/m3orppmV

Reportpreparedby,

(Signature)(Location,date)

FigureA.1—Examplereport

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BSISO8573?6:2003

AnnexB

(informative)

Measurementandsamplingproceduresonsiteandanalysisinlaboratory

B.1Gassamplingbag

Thegassamplingbagsshallbegas-tight.

Thematerialofwhichthebagsaremanufacturedshallbeinert.

Thegassamplingbagsshallhavefittingsforinflatinganddischargeofsampletoagaschromatograph.

EXAMPLESamplingthroughamembraneusingagas-tightsyringe.

Thegassamplingbagsshallbeidentifiedwithtemperature-specificationsforthesakeofthetemperatureofthegassampledfromthesystem(compatibilitywithtemperatureforbagandsample).

Ifsulphurcompoundsinthecompressedairareexpectedtobefound,gassamplingbagswithblacklayersandfittingsofpolytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)shouldbeused.

Undernocircumstanceshallstainlesssteelbeusedinsamplingvesselswhensulfurcompoundsarepresent.

B.2Samplingonsite

ThesampleshallbetakeninaccordancewithClause6.

B.3Analysinginlaboratory

Theanalysisofthegassampleshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerecommendationsmadebyappropriateorganizations.

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BSISO8573?6:2003

AnnexC

(informative)

Analyticalandon-linesamplingsystems

C.1Determinationofgaseouscontaminants

Thisannexpresentstheanalyticalsystemforgaseouscontaminants.Othersystemsoranalysersprovedtohavegivenequivalentresultsmaybeused.SeeFigureC.1foraschematicdiagramofthecompressedairanalysissystemandTableC.1forthesymbolsusedintheschematic.

Key

4

5

vent

zerogas

1air

2fuel

3spangas

FigureC.1—CompressedairanalysissystemforCO,CO2,SO2,NOx(analysisbyHCLDandheated

sampleline)andHC(analysisbyHFIDandheatedsampleline)

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BSISO8573?6:2003

TableC.1—KeytosymbolsusedinFigureC.1

Symbol

Description

Symbol

Description

A

bagwithsample

R1,R2

pressureregulatorsforairandfuel

B

bathtocoolandcondensewaterfromsamplea

R3,R4,R5

pressureregulatortocontrolsampleflow

C

converterfortheNO2toNOconversion

SL

samplelinec

CAS

compressedairsample

SO2

NDIRanalyserforsulphurdioxide

CO

NDIRanalyserforcarbonmonoxide

SP

samplepointpressurecontrolandflowmonitoringfromthecompressedairpipe

CO2

NDIRanalyserforcarbondioxide

T1

thermometerofsamplestreamenteringHFIDanalyser

FL1,FL2,FL3

flowmetertomeasuresampleby-passflow

T2

thermometerofsamplestreamenteringHCLDanalyser

FL4,FL5,FL6,

FL7

flowmeterformeasuringflowthrough

analysers

T3

thermometerofNO2toNOconverter

G1,G2,G3

pressuregaugeformeasuringpressureinsamplelinestoanalysers

T4

thermometerofbathtemperature

HC

HFID

V1

valvefortakingsampleandclosingofsampleprobeline

HCLD

HCLDanalyserforoxidesofnitrogen

V10,V11

needlevalvestoregulateflowstotheanalysers

HFID

HFIDanalyserforhydrocarbons

V2,V3,V4,V5,V6

valvestodirectsample,zerogasorcalibratinggasstreamstotheanalysers

HSL1,HSL2

heatedsamplinglinesmadeinstainlesssteelorPTFEb

V7,V8

three-wayvalvetoby-passNO2toNOconverter

NO

heatedchemiluminescentdetector(HCLD)

V9

needlevalvetobalanceflowthroughNO2toNOconverterandby-pass

P

pump

V12,V13,V14

needlevalvestoproviderestrictionto

exhaustingairfrompressurereducingvalves

a

b

c

Thebathshallbemaintainedatatemperatureof0。to+4。Cbyiceorrefrigeration.

Thetemperatureshallbekeptbetween95。Cand200。C.

ThelineshallbemadeinPTFEorinstainlesssteel.Itmaybeheatedorunheated.

C.2Measurementofsamples

Aftercontrolofthesettingoftheanalysers,recordedonastripchartrecorderorwithanequivalentdataacquisitionsystem,thebagwiththesampleisconnectedtotheanalyticalsystematthethree-wayvalvewhilstroomairorsyntheticairispumpedthroughthesystem.Thenthevalveisswitchedtothepositionwherethesampleispumpedthroughthesystemsothattheanalysersshowthereadingofthecontaminantconcentration.Thereadingmustbestableforatleast3mininorderforaconcentrationvaluerepresentativeofthatsampletobeproduced.Thereadingisrecordedduringthewholetime.Theactualconcentrationvaluescanbeproducedmanuallyviainterpretationoftherecordorviaanelectronicdataevaluationdevicewhichidentifiesautomaticallyastableresponseoftheanalysersforaperiodof3minandthenprintstheconcentrationvalues.

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BSISO8573?6:2003

AnnexD

(informative)

Equipmentforon-sitemeasurement—Samplingandmeasurementprocedures—Samplingingasdetectortube

D.1Samplingequipment

Thesampleistakenfromthecompressedairline.Themeasuredconcentrationcanberecognizedastheprogressofthecolourchangefrontalareawithreferencetothescaleontheglasstube.Thesamplingmeasurementshouldberepeatedtoarriveatanacceptableconfidencelevel.

FigureD.1showsaschematicdiagramofapossiblearrangementusingthedetectortubetechnologyasananalyticalsystem.

Key

1compressedairsystem(samplingpoint)

2pressureregulator

3needledosagevalve

4flowmeter

5detectortube

6pressuregauge

FigureD.1—Examplearrangementusinggasdetectortubemethod

D.2Measurementequipment

Theprocedureformeasuringtheconcentrationvaluesofgasesthatcouldbecontaminatingacompressedairsupplyisdescribedhere.Themethod,whichiswidelyused,iscommonlyidentifiedasdetectortubes.

Detectortubesareavailablefornearlyallrelevantgaseouscontaminantsand,insomecases,formorethanonecontaminant.SeeEN1231.

Theprincipleofthesedetectortubesisaspecificchemicalreactionofthecomponenttobemeasuredwithachangeofcolour.Thereisadefinedamountofreagentequi