合肥工業(yè)大學程序設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)實驗報告

合肥工業(yè)大學程序設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)實驗報告姓名：班級：計算機科學與技術(shù)學號：合肥工業(yè)大學計算機與信息學院1實驗七類與對象1(實驗?zāi)康囊笳莆疹惖亩x和實現(xiàn)。掌握對象創(chuàng)建及使用的基本方法。2(實驗設(shè)備硬件環(huán)境:微型計算機軟件環(huán)境：操作系統(tǒng)：Windows語言環(huán)境：VisualC++3(預(yù)習要求學習教材有關(guān)類的定義與實現(xiàn)、對象創(chuàng)建與應(yīng)用等有關(guān)內(nèi)容，對實驗基本要求應(yīng)在上機實驗前仔細閱讀，程序應(yīng)事先編制完成，上機時錄入調(diào)試，同時還應(yīng)設(shè)計相應(yīng)的測試用例集，檢查程序的正確性、可靠性、完備性和容錯能力。4(實驗內(nèi)容(1)下面程序定義了一個以hours,minutes和seconds作為數(shù)據(jù)成員的Time類。設(shè)計了成員函數(shù)將兩個Time對象相加(即時間相加)，并進行相應(yīng)的檢查，查看增加的分鐘數(shù)及秒數(shù)是否大于59。如果秒數(shù)大于59,則分鐘數(shù)向前遞增1。類似地，如果分鐘數(shù)大于59,則小時數(shù)向前增1。#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classTime(private:inthours,minutes,seconds;public:voidget_time()(2cin>>hours>>minutes>>seconds;}voiddisplay_time()(cout<<hours<<':'<<minutes<<':'<<seconds<<endl;}voidadd_time(Time&t1,Time&t2)(hours=t1.hours+t2.hours;minutes=t1.minutes+t2.minutes;seconds=t1.seconds+t2.seconds;if(seconds>=60)seconds-=60;minutes++;}if(minutes>=60)(minutes-=60;hours++;}}};voidmain()(Timeone,two,three;cout<<"\nEnterthefirsttime(hoursminutesseconds):";one.get_time();cout<<"\nEnterthesecondtime(hoursminutesseconds):"two.get_time();three.add_time(one,two);cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl;three.display_time();}［基本要求］,上機錄入、調(diào)試上面程序。,運行程序，輸入下面兩組數(shù)據(jù):2344514756267100156200分析運行結(jié)果是否正確。3［分析與思考］,定義構(gòu)造函數(shù)對Time類的對象進行初始化（即不用成員函數(shù)get_time）。,該程序要求用戶輸入的分鐘數(shù)和秒數(shù)必須小于60，如何修改程序使得用戶在輸入分鐘數(shù)和秒數(shù)大于等于60時，也能得到正確的結(jié)果。結(jié)果不正確，不是預(yù)想的5,1,8說明程序不能輸入大于60的份和秒。更改后的程序為#include<iostream>std;usingnamespaceclassTime(private:inthours,minutes,seconds;public:Time(inth=0,intm=0,ints=0):hours(h),minutes(m),seconds(s){}voiddisplay_time()(cout<<hours<<':'<<minutes<<':'<<seconds<<endl;}voidadd_time(Time&t1,Time&t2)(4hours=t1.hours+t2.hours;minutes=t1.minutes+t2.minutes;seconds=t1.seconds+t2.seconds;while(seconds>=60)(seconds-=60;minutes++;while(minutes>=60)(minutes-=60;hours++;}}}；voidmain()(Timeone(2,34,45),two(1,47,56),three;three.add_time(one,two);three.display_time();}(2)閱讀下面的一段程序代碼，代碼可能有錯誤，請仔細分析并體會。classDate(public:voidDate()(};intDate(intyear,intmonth,intday);void~Date()(};int&GetYear(){returnyear;}int&GetMonth()(returnmonth;}int&GetDay()(returnday;}private:intyear=2000;intmonth=12;intday=31;staticboolIsLeapyear;//是否閏年}；boolDate::IsLeapyear二true;intDate::Date(intyear,intmonth,intday)5((*this).year二year;(*this).month二month;(*this).day=day;}voidmain()(intyear,month,day;cin>>year>>month>>day;Datemydate(year,month,day);int&myyear二mydate.GetYear();int&mymonth=mydate.GetMonth();int&myday=mydate.GetDay();cout<<myyear<<endl<<mymonth<<endl<<myday<<endl;myyear=8888;cout<<mydate.GetYear();}［基本要求］仔細閱讀上面程序，如果有錯誤，請更正。上機錄入、調(diào)試上面程序。［分析和思考］main函數(shù)中int&myyear二mydate.GetYear();、int&mymonth二mydate.GetMonth();和int&myday=mydate.GetDay();語句表達的是什么思想，這樣做的目的是什么，這種方法是否“好”呢,為什么，如果“不好”應(yīng)該怎樣修改，修改后的程序：#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classDate(public:Date(intyear=2000,intmonth=12,intday=31);~Date(){};int&GetYear()(returnyear;}int&GetMonth()(returnmonth;}int&GetDay()(returnday;}private:intyear;intmonth;intday;staticboolIsLeapyear;};6boolDate::IsLeapyear二true;year,intmonth,intday)Date::Date(int((*this).year二year;(*this).month二month;(*this).day二day;}voidmain()(intyear,month,day;cin>>year>>month>>day;Datemydate(year,month,day);int&myyear二mydate.GetYear();int&mymonth=mydate.GetMonth();int&myday=mydate.GetDay();cout<<myyear<<endl<<mymonth<<endl<<myday<<endl;myyear=8888;cout<<mydate.GetYear();}輸入19900607得到成匚；ndewj'jy7te-i132\r.vid.emt17?0Q607L7?0h罪購清鞍任意鍵舲?■.分析:語句的意義是為了讓本不可以調(diào)用的私有成員，可以利用公有成員函數(shù)在主函數(shù)中得到一個引用的變量，也就是可以用引用的變量來修改類中私有成員。但是這種做法并不可取，因為類的封裝性，這樣就破壞的類的封裝性，沒有保護好私有成員。刪掉即可。7實驗八繼承與派生類1(實驗?zāi)康囊笳莆諉卫^承程序設(shè)計的基本方法。掌握多繼承程序設(shè)計的基本方法。2(實驗設(shè)備硬件環(huán)境:微型計算機軟件環(huán)境：操作系統(tǒng)：Windows語言環(huán)境：VisualC++3(預(yù)習要求學習教材有關(guān)繼承與派生類的內(nèi)容，對單繼承語義、繼承控制和訪問控制，多繼承的多義性及其解決方法有充分的理解和把握。對實驗基本要求應(yīng)在上機實驗前仔細閱讀，程序應(yīng)事先編制完成，上機時錄入調(diào)試，同時還應(yīng)設(shè)計相應(yīng)的測試用例集，檢查程序的正確性、可靠性、完備性和容錯能力。4(實驗內(nèi)容(1)下面程序定義一個vehicle類，并派生出car和truck兩個派生類。#include<iostream.h>classvehicle(protected:intwheels;doubleweight;public:voidinitialize(intwhls,doublewght);intget_wheels()(returnwheels;}doubleget_weight()(returnweight;}doublewheel_loading()(returnweight/wheels;}};classcar:publicvehicle(private:8intpassenger_load;public:voidinitialize(intwhls,doublewght,intpeople=4);intpassengers()(returnpassenger_load;}};classtruck:publicvehicle(private:intpassenger_load;doublepayload;public:voidinit_truck(intnumber=2,doublemax_load=24000.0);doubleefficiency();intpassengers()(returnpassenger_load;});voidvehicle::initialize(intwhls,doublewght)(wheels=whls;weight=wght;}voidcar::initialize(intwhls,doublewght,intpeople)(wheels=whls;weight=wght;passenger_load=people;}voidtruck::init_truck(intnumber,doublemax_load)(passenger_load=number;payload=max_load;}doubletruck::efficiency()(returnpayload/(payload+weight);}voidmain()(vehiclebicycle;9bicycle.initialize(2,25);cout<<"thebicyclehas"<<bicycle.get_wheels()<<"wheels.\n”;cout<<"thebicycleweighs"<<bicycle.get_weight()<<"pounds.\n”;cout<<"thebicycle'swheelloadingis"<<bicycle.wheel_loading()<<"poundspertire.\n\n”;caraudi;audi.initialize(4,3500.0,5);cout<<"theaudihas"<<audi.get_wheels()<<"wheels.\n”;cout<<"theaudiweighs"<<audi.get_weight()<<"pounds.\n”;cout<<"theaudi'swheelloadingis"<<audi.wheel_loading()<<"poundspertire.\n\n”;truckjief;jief.initialize(18,12500.0);jief.init_truck(2,33675.0);cout<<"thejiefhas"<<jief.get_wheels()<<"wheels.\n”;cout<<"thejiefweighs"<<jief.get_weight()<<"pounds.\n”;cout<<"thejief'sefficiencyis〃<<100.0*jief.efficiency()<<〃percent.\n〃；}［基本要求］,上機錄入、調(diào)試上面程序。,運行程序，觀察運行結(jié)果是否正確且滿足題意要求。,將classcar:publicvehicle和classtruck:publicvehicle分別改為:classcar:privatevehicle和classtruck:privatevehicle程序運行結(jié)果有無變化，為什么，［分析與思考］,定義并實現(xiàn)vehicle類、car類和truck類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)，完成vehicle類、car類和truck類的數(shù)據(jù)成員初始化工作。,將vehicle中數(shù)據(jù)成員wheels和weight改為private性質(zhì)，如何修改程序以達到相同的輸出結(jié)果。答:修改前和修改后的結(jié)果都是gQC:\Wmdom技kcmdf牌thebitIihm2 _rhebicweighs2^poiEnds,thehieycle■suhee1loaclinyis12.5paurttCsperttre.rheaadihas4wheeIstheAAjLdl youn職.thea/LiliJeuhcaliQ-adis87Spoundspe■略tthejicfhas13wheels.thftjiefighs1#日瞬pciinii^FthejiefJseFFicLencyis72.9-291percent.清按荏怠踵匪霽…10分析:如果將兩個繼承都改成私有繼承，不僅使wheel和weight成員變量沒辦法繼承，而且公有成員函數(shù)像get_wheel()都不能被類外調(diào)用，解決的辦法有可以設(shè)一個在派生類和基類公有成員函數(shù)調(diào)用本類私有成員，類外調(diào)用公有成員函數(shù)即可。思考題#include<iostream.h>classvehicle(protected:intwheels;doubleweight;public:vehicle(intwhls,doublewght)(wheels=whls;weight=wght;}intget_wheels()(returnwheels;}doubleget_weight()(returnweight;}doublewheel_loading()(returnweight/wheels;}};classcar:publicvehicle(private:intpassenger_load;public:car(intwhls,doublewght,intpeople=4):vehicle(whls,wght)(passenger_load=people;}intpassengers()(returnpassenger_load;}};classtruck:publicvehicle(private:intpassenger_load;doublepayload;public:11truck(intwhls,doublewght,intnumber=2,doublemax_load=24000.0):vehicle(whls,wght)(passenger_load=number;payload=max_load;}doubleefficiency()(returnpayload/(payload+weight);}intpassengers()(returnpassenger_load;}};voidmain()(vehiclebicycle(2,25);cout<<"thebicyclehas"<<bicycle.get_wheels()<<"wheels.\n”;cout<<"thebicycleweighs〃<<bicycle.get_weight()<<〃pounds.\n”;cout<<"thebicycle'swheelloadingis"<<bicycle.wheel_loading()<<"poundspertire.\n\n”;caraudi(4,3500.0,5);cout<<"theaudihas"<<audi.get_wheels()<<"wheels.\n”;cout<<"theaudiweighs"<<audi.get_weight()<<"pounds.\n”;cout<<"theaudi'swheelloadingis"<<audi.wheel_loading()<<"poundspertire.\n\n”;truckjief(18,12500.0,2,33675.0);cout<<"thejiefhas"<<jief.get_wheels()<<"wheels.\n”;cout<<"thejiefweighs"<<jief.get_weight()<<"pounds.\n”;cout<<"thejief'sefficiencyis〃<<100.0*jief.efficiency()<<〃percent.\n”;}2.基類保護成員改為似有成員：#include<iostream.h>classvehicle(private:intwheels;doubleweight;public:vehicle(intwhls,doublewght)12(wheels=whls;weight=wght;}intget_wheels()(returnwheels;}doubleget_weight()(returnweight;}doublewheel_loading()(returnweight/wheels;}};classcar:publicvehicle(private:intpassenger_load;public:car(intwhls,doublewght,intpeople=4):vehicle(whls,wght)(passenger_load=people;}intpassengers()(returnpassenger_load;}};classtruck:publicvehicleprivate:intpassenger_load;doublepayload;doubleweight;public:truck(intwhls,doublewght,intnumber=2,doublemax_load=24000.0):vehicle(whls,wght)(passenger_load=number;payload=max_load;weight=wght;}doubleefficiency()(returnpayload/(payload+weight);}intpassengers()(returnpassenger_load;}};voidmain()13(vehiclebicycle(2,25);cout<<"thebicyclehas"<<bicycle.get_wheels()<<"wheels.\n”;cout<<"thebicycleweighs"<<bicycle.get_weight()<<"pounds.\n”;cout<<"thebicycle'swheelloadingis"<<bicycle.wheel_loading()<<poundspertire.\n\n”;caraudi(4,3500.0,5);cout<<"theaudihas"<<audi.get_wheels()<<"wheels.\n”;cout<<"theaudiweighs"<<audi.get_weight()<<"pounds.\n”;cout<<"theaudi'swheelloadingis"<<audi.wheel_loading()<<"poundspertire.\n\n”;truckjief(18,12500.0,2,33675.0);cout<<"thejiefhas"<<jief.get_wheels()<<"wheels.\n”;cout<<"thejiefweighs"<<jief.get_weight()<<"pounds.\n”;cout<<"thejief'sefficiencyis〃<<100.0*jief.efficiency()<<〃percent.\n”;}(2)下面程序?qū)?yīng)圖1所示的類層次繼承結(jié)構(gòu)：#include<iostream.h>personperson#include<iomanip.h>#include<string.h>teachergraduateclassperson(protected：charname[20];in-service_graduateintbirth_year;public:person(char*na,intyear)(strcpy(name,na);birth_year=year;}intcal_age(intthis_year)(returnthis_year-birth_year;}};14classgraduate:publicperson(protected:intgrade;charspecialty[20];public:graduate(char*na,inty,intg,char*spec):person(na,y)(grade=g;strcpy(specialty,spec);}voiddisplay(intthis_year)(cout<<"graduateagegradespecialty\n”;cout<<setw(20)<<name<<setw(5)<<cal_age(this_year);cout<<setw(7)<<grade<<setw(17)<<specialty<<endl;}};classteacher:publicperson(protected:chartitle[15];charspecialty[20];public:teacher(char*na,inty,char*ti,char*spec):person(na,y)(strcpy(title,ti);strcpy(specialty,spec);}voiddisplay(intthis_year)(cout<<"teacheragetitlespecialty\n”;cout<<setw(20)<<name<<setw(5)<<cal_age(this_year);cout<<setw(14)<<title<<setw(17)<<specialty<<endl;}};classin_service_graduate:publicteacher,publicgraduate(public:in_service_graduate(char*na,inty,char*ti,char*spec1,intg,char*spec2):teacher(na,y,ti,spec1),graduate(na,y,g,spec2)(}voiddisplay(intthis_year)(cout<<"in_service_graduateagetitlework_specialtygradestudy_specialty\n”;15}}；voidmain()(graduategr(〃zhang_ling〃，1978,2001,〃computer〃)；teacherte("wang_qiang",1976,〃tutor〃，〃electronics〃)；in_service_graduatesg(〃liu_hua〃，1975,〃lectuer〃，〃automation〃，2002,〃computer〃)；gr.display(2002);cout<<endl;te.display(2002);cout<<endl;sg.display(2002);}［基本要求］,閱讀程序，完成in_service_graduate類中的display()函數(shù)的程序。,上機錄入、調(diào)試上面程序。,運行程序，觀察運行結(jié)果是否正確且滿足題意要求。［分析與思考］,在上面程序中類person中的數(shù)據(jù)成員name和birth_year在in_service_graduate類中有兩個副本，請使用虛基類使它們在in_service_graduate類中只有一個副本。注意同時修改程序的其他相關(guān)部分。將函數(shù)繼承改成虛基類：#include<iostream>#include<iomanip>#include<string>usingnamespacestd;classperson16(protected:charname[20];intbirth_year;public:person(char*na,intyear)(strcpy(name,na);birth_year=year;}intcal_age(intthis_year)(returnthis_year-birth_year;}};protected:intgrade;charspecialty[20];public:graduate(char*na,inty,intg,char*spec):person(na,y)(grade=g;strcpy(specialty,spec);}voiddisplay(intthis_year)(cout<<"graduateagegradespecialty\n”;cout<<setw(20)<<name<<setw(5)<<cal_age(this_year);cout<<setw(7)<<grade<<setw(17)<<specialty<<endl;}};classteacher:virtualpublicperson(protected:chartitle[15];charspecialty[20];public:teacher(char*na,inty,char*ti,char*spec):person(na,y)(strcpy(title,ti);strcpy(specialty,spec);voiddisplay(intthis_year)(cout<<"teacheragetitlespecialty\n”;cout<<setw(20)<<name<<setw(5)<<cal_age(this_year);17cout<<setw(14)<<title<<setw(17)<<specialty<<endl;}};classin_service_graduate:publicteacher,publicgraduate(public:in_service_graduate(char*na,inty,char*ti,char*spec1,intg,char*spec2):teacher(na,y,ti,spec1),graduate(na,y,g,spec2),person(na,y)(}display(intthis_year)(voidcout<<"in_service_graduateagetitlework_specialtygradestudy_specialty\n”;cout<<setw(15)<<name<<setw(9)<<cal_age(this_year)<<setw(10)<<title;cout<<setw(15)<<teacher::specialty<<setw(8)<<grade<<setw(13)<<graduate::specialty<<endl;}};voidmain()graduategr(〃zhang_ling〃，1978,2001,〃computer〃)；teacherte("wang_qiang",1976,〃tutor〃，〃electronics〃)；in_service_graduatesg(〃liu_hua〃，1975,〃lectuer〃，〃automation〃，2002,〃computer〃);gr.display(2002);cout<<endl;te.display(2002);cout<<endl;sg.display(2002);}18實驗九多態(tài)性與虛函數(shù)1(實驗?zāi)康恼莆仗摵瘮?shù)定義及實現(xiàn)。掌握具有多態(tài)性的面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計的基本方法。掌握純虛函數(shù)與抽象類的定義、實現(xiàn)及應(yīng)用。2(實驗設(shè)備硬件環(huán)境:微型計算機軟件環(huán)境：操作系統(tǒng)：Windows語言環(huán)境：VisualC++3(預(yù)習要求學習教材有關(guān)多態(tài)性與虛函數(shù)的內(nèi)容，對靜態(tài)聯(lián)編、動態(tài)(滯后)連編、對象指針等充分的理解。對實驗基本要求應(yīng)在上機實驗前仔細閱讀，程序應(yīng)事先編制完成，上機時錄入調(diào)試，同時還應(yīng)設(shè)計相應(yīng)的測試用例集，檢查程序的正確性、可靠性、完備性和容錯能力。4(實驗內(nèi)容有一個整數(shù)鏈表，現(xiàn)從此鏈表派生出一個整數(shù)集合類，在集合類中增加一個元素個數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)項。集合類的插入操作與鏈表相似，只是不插入重復(fù)元素，并且插入后，元素個數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)成員需增加。集合類的刪除操作是在鏈表刪除操作的基礎(chǔ)上對元素個數(shù)做減1操作。而查找和輸出操作是相同的，因此在集合類中不需要重復(fù)定義。#include<iostream.h>#include<conio.h>//enumbool{false,true};structelement(//定義鏈表中的結(jié)點結(jié)構(gòu)intval;element*next;};classlist(//定義鏈表類element*elems;public:list()(elems=0;}19~list();virtualboolinsert(int);〃此虛函數(shù)在派生類中可重新定義virtualbooldeletes(int);//此虛函數(shù)在派生類中可重新定義boolcontain(int);voidprint();};classset:publiclist(〃將集合類set定義為鏈表類list的派生類intcard;public:set()(card=0;}boolinsert(int);//重定義此函數(shù)booldeletes(int);//重定義此函數(shù)};list::~list()//list類得析構(gòu)函數(shù)定義，循環(huán)釋放各元素所占的存儲{element*tmp二elems;for(element*elem=elems;elem!=0;)(tmp=elem;elem=elem->next;deletetmp;}}boollist::insert(intval)//定義list類中插入元素的成員函數(shù){element*elem=newelement;//為新元素分配存儲if(elem!=0)(elem->val=val;//將新元素插入到鏈表頭elem->next=elems;elems=elem;returntrue;}elsereturnfalse;}boollist::deletes(intval)〃定義list類中刪除元素的成員函數(shù){if(elems==0)returnfalse;//若表為空，返回falseelement*tmp二elems;if(elems->val==val)(//若待刪除的元素為表頭元素elems=elems->next;deletetmp;20returntrue;}elsefor(element*elem=elems;elem->next!=0;elem=elem->next)if(elem->next->val==val)(//循環(huán)查找待刪除元素tmp=elem->next;elem->next=tmp->next;deletetmp;returntrue;}returnfalse;}boollist::contain(intval)(//判元素val在鏈表中是否存在if(elems==0)returnfalse;if(elems->val==val)returntrue;elsefor(element*elem=elems;elem->next!=0;elem=elem->next)if(elem->next->val==val)returntrue;returnfalse;}voidlist::print()//輸出鏈表中各元素(if(elems==0)return;for(element*elem=elems;elem!=0;elem=elem->next)cout<<elem->val<<"";cout<<endl;}boolset::insert(intval)〃在set類中的insert的重定義版本{if((1))(〃先判斷此元素是否存在，然后再調(diào)用基類的此函數(shù)版本++card;returntrue;}returnfalse;}boolset::deletes(intval)//在set類中的deletes的重定義版本{if(list::deletes(val))//調(diào)用基類中的此函數(shù)版本21((2);returntrue;}returnfalse;}intmain()(list*ptr,list1;setset1;ptr=&list1;ptr->insert(30);ptr->insert(40);ptr->insert(543);ptr->insert(40);ptr->print();ptr=&set1;ptr->insert(23);ptr->insert(672);ptr->insert(456);ptr->insert(23);ptr->print();getch();return1;}［基本要求］,閱讀程序，根據(jù)題意要求在處填上合適的內(nèi)容完成程序。,上機錄入、調(diào)試上面程序。,運行程序，設(shè)計測試數(shù)據(jù)，觀察運行結(jié)果是否正確且滿足題意要求。［分析與思考］,在list類中設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)一個從鏈表頭取一個節(jié)點(取出后該結(jié)點刪除，下一個結(jié)點作為頭結(jié)點)并返回節(jié)點值(整數(shù)值)的成員函數(shù)。,在集合類中增加求集合并、交、差的成員函數(shù)。填完后源碼如下：#include<iostream>#include<conio.h>usingnamespacestd;structelement(intval;element*next;};classlist(element*elems;22public:list(){elems=0;}~list();virtualboolinsert(int);virtualbooldeletes(int);boolcontain(int);voidprint();};classset:publiclist(intcard;public:set()(card=0;}boolinsert(int);booldeletes(int);};list::~list()(element*tmp二elems;for(element*elem=elems;elem!=0;)(tmp=elem;elem=elem->next;deletetmp;}boollist::insert(intval)(element*elem二newelement;if(elem!=0)(elem->val=val;elem->next=elems;elems=elem;returntrue;}elsereturnfalse;}boollist::deletes(intval)(if(elems==0)returnfalse;element*tmp=elems;23if(elems->val==val)(elems=elems->next;deletetmp;returntrue;}elsefor(element*elem=elems;elem->next!=0;elem=elem->next)if(elem->next->val==val)tmp=elem->next;elem->next=tmp->next;tmp;deletereturntrue;}returnfalse;}boollist::contain(intval)(if(elems==0)returnfalse;if(elems->val==val)returntrue;elsefor(element*elem=elems;elem->next!=0;elem=elem->next)if(elem->next->val==val)returntrue;returnfalse;}voidlist::print()(if(elems==0)return;for(element*elem=elems;elem!=0;elem=elem->next)cout<<elem->val<<"";cout<<endl;boolset::insert(intval)(if((contain(val))?0:list::insert(val))(++card;returntrue;}24returnfalse;}boolset::deletes(intval)(if(list::deletes(val))(--card;returntrue;}returnfalse;}main()int(list*ptr,list1;setset1;ptr=&list1;ptr->insert(30);ptr->insert(40);ptr->insert(543);ptr->insert(40);ptr->print();ptr=&set1;ptr->insert(23);ptr->insert(672);ptr->insert(456);ptr->insert(23);ptr->print();getch();return1;}輸出結(jié)果為：FEBCWind-am3cinnd.exe符合要求25實驗十運算符重載1(實驗?zāi)康恼莆者\算符重載的定義及實現(xiàn)。掌握具有運算符重載的應(yīng)用。2(實驗設(shè)備硬件環(huán)境:微型計算機軟件環(huán)境：操作系統(tǒng)：Windows語言環(huán)境：VisualC++3(預(yù)習要求學習教材有關(guān)運算符重載的內(nèi)容，對基本運算符重載及特殊運算符重載有充分的理解。對實驗基本要求應(yīng)在上機實驗前仔細閱讀，程序應(yīng)事先編制完成，上機時錄入調(diào)試，同時還應(yīng)設(shè)計相應(yīng)的測試用例集，檢查程序的正確性、可靠性、完備性和容錯能力。4(實驗內(nèi)容(1)將一個16位二進制數(shù)表示成0和1的字符序列，即用一個字符數(shù)組來存放這個二進制數(shù)。在這個類中設(shè)置兩個構(gòu)造函數(shù)，一個是傳遞整數(shù)參數(shù)的，另一個是傳遞字符串參數(shù)的。因為用戶在創(chuàng)建對象時傳遞的二進制數(shù)，可能是以整數(shù)形式給出，也可能是以數(shù)字串形式給出，系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該都能接受。另外有一個類型轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù)int()，用來將類類型向整型轉(zhuǎn)換。程序中的兩個重載運算符“+”，"-”，用來完成兩個二進制數(shù)之間的加減運算。#include"iostream.h"#include"string.h"#include"conio.h"classbinary(//定義二進制類charbits[16];//二進制字模數(shù)組public:binary(char*);//字符串參數(shù)構(gòu)造函數(shù)binary(int);//整型參數(shù)構(gòu)造函數(shù)friendbinaryoperator+(binary,binary);//重載"+”friendbinaryoperator-(binary,binary);//重載"-”operatorint();〃類類型轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù)voidprint();};26binary::binary(char*num)(intisrc=strlen(num)-1;〃字符串長度-1為最低位intidest=15;while(isrc>=0&&idest>=0)bits[idest--]=(num[isrc--]=='0'?'0':'1');//逐位賦值while(idest>=0)bits[idest--]='0';//空高位值0}binary::binary(intnum)(for(inti=15;i>=0;i--)(bits[i]=(num%2==0?'0':T;)//求余數(shù)num>>=1;//移位，相當于整除2}}binaryoperator+(binaryn1,binaryn2)(unsignedcarry=0;unsignedvalue;binaryres=”0”;for(inti=15;i>=0;i--)(value=(n1.bits[i]=='0'?0:1)+(n2.bits[i]=='0'?0:1)+carry;res.bits[i]=(value%2==0?'0':T');carry=value>>1;}returnres;}binaryoperator-(binaryn1,binaryn2)(unsignedborrow=0;intvalue;binaryres="0";for(inti=15;i>=0;i--)(value=(n1.bits[i]=='0'?0:1)-(n2.bits[i]=='0'?0:1)+borrow;res.bits[i]=(value==T||value==1?T':'0‘)；borrow=(value==-1||borrow!=0&&(value==0||value==1)?1:0);}returnres;}binary::operatorint()(unsignedvalue=0;for(inti=0;i<=15;i++)value=(value*2)+(bits[i]=='0'?0:1);returnvalue;}voidbinary::print()(charstr[17];strncpy(str,bits,16);str[16]='\0';cout<<str<<"\n";}main()(binaryn1=〃1011”;binaryn2=int(n1)+15;binaryn3=n1-binary(7);n1.print();n2.print();n3.print();cout<<int(n2)+5<<endl;cout<<n2-binary(5)<<endl;cout<<n3+binary(5)<<endl;cout<<int(n3)-5<<endl;getch();return1;}［基本要求］,閱讀下列程序，根據(jù)題意要求在處填上合適的內(nèi)容完成程序。,上機錄入、調(diào)試上面程序。,運行程序，紀錄并分析運行結(jié)果是否正確。在程序中填上的內(nèi)容為：num%2==0?'0':T‘n2.bits［i］=='0'?0:1(3)value*228運行的結(jié)果為：fleesooeeeeGeiBiiseooeBaeeeciiBia白臼白色白臼臼臼怕臼自白Q1r房按任意譴縫舞…-［分析與思考］1)將+、-運算符定義為binary類的成員函數(shù)。(重載運算符?、&、|分別將二進制數(shù)按位取反、數(shù)按位與及按位或。(2)編寫一個集合類，重載+(并集)、-(差集)、*(交集)、<<(輸出)、>>(輸入)等函數(shù)。思考題(1)#include<iostream>#include<string>#include<conio.h>usingnamespacestd;classbinary(charbits[16];public:binary(char*);binary(int);binaryoperator+(binary);binaryoperator-(binary);operatorint();voidprint();};binary::binary(char*num)(intisrc=strlen(num)-1;intidest=15;while(isrc>=0&&idest>=0)bits[idest--]=(num[isrc--]=='0'?'0':'1');29while(idest>=0)bits[idest--]='0';binary::binary(intnum)(for(inti=15;i>=0;i--)(bits[i]=(num%2==0?'0':T');num>>=1;}}binarybinary::operator+(binaryn)(unsignedcarry=0;unsignedvalue;binaryres=”0”;for(inti=15;i>=0;i--)(value=(bits[i]=='0'?0:1)+(n.bits[i]=='0'?0:1)+carry;res.bits[i]=(value%2==0?'0':T');carry=value>>1;}returnres;}binarybinary::operator-(binaryn)(unsignedborrow=0;intvalue;binaryres=”0”;for(inti=15;i>=0;i--)(value=(bits[i]=='0'?0:1)-(n.bits[i]=='0'?0:1)+borrow;res.bits[i]=(value==T||value==1?T':'0‘)；borrow=(value==-1||borrow!=0&&(value==0||value==1)?1:0);}returnres;}binary::operatorint()(unsignedvalue=0;for(inti=0;i<=15;i++)value=(value*2)+(bits[i]=='0'?0:1);returnvalue;30}voidbinary::print()(charstr[17];strncpy(str,bits,16);str[16]='\0';cout<<str<<"\n";intmain()(binaryn1=〃1011”;(n1)+15;binaryn2=intbinaryn3=n1-binary(7);n1.print();n2.print();n3.print();cout<<int(n2)+5<<endl;cout<<n2-bi