2023年北京市海淀區(qū)中考一模英語試題及答案

2023年北京市海淀區(qū)中考一模英語試題第一部分本部分共33題共40分。在每題列出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，造出最符合題目要求的一項(xiàng)。一、單項(xiàng)填空(每題0.5分，共6分)從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1.Myuncleisadoctor.Helikes______jobverymuch.A.my B.her C.his D.your2.Sixstudentsinourclasswillcelebrateheirbirthday______May.A.at B.on C.of D.in3.DavidisAmerican,______hespeaksChineseverywell.A.for B.but C.so D.if4.-John,______Ijoinyouinthevolunteerprogramafterschool?-Ofcourseyoucan.Shallwemeetatfivethisafternoon?A.can B.need C.must D.should5.Withthehelpofmyteacher,I'vebecomemuch______atwritingthanbefore.A.good B.better C.best D.thebest6.-______willyoustayinBeijingthistime?-Forthreemonths.A.Howmuch B.Howmany C.Howoften D.Howlong7.-Whatisyoursisterdoing,Jane?-She______avideoonhowtomakeskylanterns.A.watches B.willwatch C.iswatching D.watched8.Lilyandherclassmates______onaschooltripyesterday.A.went B.willgo C.go D.havegone9.I______sixbookssincethebeginningofthisyear.A.read B.amreading C.willread D.haveread10.Ifthenumberofsharksdropstoolow,it______dangertoalloceanlife.A.brings B.willbring C.hasbrought D.brought11.Today,teenagers______tohelparoundintheirneighborhood.A.encourage B.encouraged C.areencouraged D.wereencouraged12.-Doyouknow______?-Attheendofthestreet.A.whereIcanfindabookstore B.howIcanfindabookstoreC.wherecanIfindabookstore D.howcanIfindabookstore二、完形填空(每題1分，共8分)閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。Atafamilyreuniononeyear,Inoticedthatmy13-year-oldgranddaughterLaurenwasnotincludinghercousinEmilyinhersmallcircleofthreefriends.IpulledLaurenaside,andthoughtofgivingheralecture(訓(xùn)斥)onkindness.JustthenIremembereda13______experiencewhenIwasaboutthesameageasLauren.Iwasleftoutingroupactivities,andIfeltterrible.Seeingthat,athoughtfulteacheraskedmetohandoutpapersoneday.Althoughtheteacher'skindactdidn'tmakemea14______ofthegroupimmediately,itincreasedmyself-confidenceandcreatedchancesforcommunicationwithmyclassmates.So,insteadofgivingLaurenalecture,Ichangedmyway.“Wouldyouandtheothergirlsbewillingtomakecupcakesforeveryone?"Iasked.“Yes!"Lauren'sfacebrightened,butthen15______.“Hmm…doesEmilyhavetohelp?"sheasked.Thiswasn'taquestionIwashopingfor.Itoldherfirmly(堅(jiān)定地)thatEmilyneededtobe16______.ThenItoldtheotherthreegirlsabouttheplan.Theywereveryhappywiththeidea,butLaurenwasn't.Igaveeachofthemtasksformakingthecupcakes.Soon,allthefourgirls17______themselvesinmeasuring(測量),mixing,andhigh-fivingoneanother.Icouldtelltheyhadagreattimethere.Whenthecupcakeswereready,thekitchenwasamess,soIgaveeachgirltheirownclean-upduties.Morehigh-fiving.Morefun.Soonafter,Iheard18______inthelivingroomthatevening.InoticedLaurensittingonthefloorbehindEmily,brushingherhairwhileEmilywaslaughingatsomethingLaurenhadsaid.Obviously,myplanofinvolvingtheminanactivitydidthetrick.Afterthefamilyreunion,ItoldLaurenhow19______ofheritwastoincludeEmilyintheiractivities.Nowthefourgirlsareyoungadults.Theydon'tseeeachotheroften,buteachtimetheymeetup,theyneverfailtolaughaboutthemessykitchentheymadethattime.Thisbestprovesthathavingteensinvolvedismuchmore20______thanjustlecturingwhenteachingthemhowtheyshouldbehave.13.A.secret B.funny C.common D.similar14.A.coach B.guest C.member D.speaker15.A.cleared B.relaxed C.clouded D.softened16.A.followed B.included C.judged D.tested17.A.busied B.trained C.bettered D.troubled18.A.shout B.laughter C.complaint D.argument19.A.patient B.polite C.brave D.kind20.A.effective B.popular C.surprising D.traditional三、閱讀理解(每題2分，共26分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。AHowtoPracticeCriticalThinkinginThreeStepsIttakestimetopracticecriticalthinking(批判性思維),butit'snevertoolatetostart.Thefollowingthreestepswillhelppeopletobecomecriticalthinkers.Step1:_________Criticalthinkersstartbyaskingquestions.Theyaskthemselves:Ifthisthenwhat?Ifthat,thenhowwilltheresultbedifferent?Theymaythinkaboutallpossibleideasbeforetheymakedecisions.Step2:_________Criticalthinkerssearchforanswers.Theymakeuseofallpossibletoolsorinterviewpeopleforinformation.Thentheyanalyze(分析)theinformationwithanopenmind.Theycompareanddecidewhatthebestanswersare.Step3:_________Aftercriticalthinkersgetnewideastoworkoutproblems,theysharetheseideaswiththeirteammatesandgetsupportfromthem.Duringcommunicationwithothers,betterideasoftencomeup.Forquestions21-23,matcheachstepwiththechoices(A-D).Thereisoneyoudonotneed.21.Step1___________ A.ThinkofPlans22.Step2___________ B.LookforAnswers23.Step3___________ C.AskQuestionsD.ShareIdeasBSerenalookedupfromherphonewhensheheardaloud“POP".Aflattire!“Thisismakingtheboringtripevenworse,"shethoughttoherself.“Nobigdeal!We'llcontinueouradventuresoon!"Herdadjumpedouttochangethetire.“Whatkindofadventureisthis?!We’redrivinginabrokencar,allthewaythroughSouthDakota,justtoseesomeoldpresidents'headsinahugerock!There'snothingfuninthat!"Serenathoughtandreturnedtoherphone.“What'ssointerestingonyourphone?"herbrotherTonyaskedcuriously.“Allysharedpicturesfromhervacation.She'sonarealadventureinAfrica!Look!Elephants!Hippos!Evenlion!"shesaid."That'samazing!"Tonyagreed."You'llhavetosharepicturesofourtip."“YoumeanpicturesofDadchangingaflattireinthemiddleofnowhere?Whowouldwanttoseethat?"“Butthat'sthegreatthingaboutthiswholetrip!"Tonysaidexcitedly.“Wehavenoideawhat'sgoingtohappen,orwhatsurpriseswemighthave!We'reonatrueadventure."Tonycontinued,“Ireadthatthere'sanamazingplaceouthere.Ifoundpicturesonline.Lookhowamazingtheyare!”SerenaputdownherphoneasTonyintroducedpicturesoftheancientanimalsandotherinterestingthingsabouthere.Shelookedoutofthewindow,wonderingwhentheycouldgetthere.Butthensheheldherbreath.Justontheothersideoftheroad,wasaherdofbison(一群野牛)walkingslowlythroughthegrasses.She'dneverseenanythinglikethemthisclosebefore!“Well,Ididn'texpectthat!Maybewe'regoingtohavearealadventureafterall,"saidSerenaasshequicklytookapicturethroughthewindow."Exactly!Nowlookhowwonderfultheviewisatthemoment!"Tonysaid.“Andallbecausewegotaflattire."24.HowdidSerenafeelaboutthetripatfirst?A.Bored. B.Worried. C.Interested. D.Surprised.25.WhydidTonyshowSerenathepicturesonline?A.Toshowtheirtripcanbeamazingtoo.B.Toaskhertocompetewithherfriends.C.Toprovehewasgoodattakingpictures.D.Toencouragehertostudyancientanimals.26.WhatdidSerenalearnfromthetrip?A.Theimportanceofhistory.B.Themeaningoffamilytoher.C.Thewaysofsolvingproblems.D.Thevalueoflivinginthemoment.CPeopleusedtoseelotsofplasticsontheseasurface.Nowinastudy,researchershavefoundthatthemicroplasticpollutionindeepwaterismuchmoreseriousthanthatontheseasurface.“Whatwe'veknownaboutmicroplastichasbeenfromtheseasurface,"saysKyleVanHoutan,"butthisstudysuggeststhere'salargeramountthat'sunnoticed."Microplasticsaresmallpiecesthatbreakfromplasticbottlesorbagsastheychangetosimplerchemicalformsintheenvironment.Theyhavedifferentsizesandcanbefoundanywhere,includingintheoceans,lakes,soilandevenblowingintheair.Tostudymicroplasticpollutionindeepsea,Houtan'steamcollectedsamples(樣本)intheseabyusingaROV(遙控潛水器).AstheROVwentdownfrom5to1,000metersbelowtheseasurface,aspecially-designedmachinefiltered(過濾)thesamplewaterandkeptthesmallparticles(微粒).Backinthelab,theteamusedaspecialmachinetofindoutthetypesofplasticpresent.Althoughtheresearchersfoundmicroplasticwaseverywhere,theamountoftheparticleswasnotevenlyspreadinthewater.Themidwater,180to460metersbelowthesurface,heldthehighestamountofmicroplasticpollution,aboutfourtimesasmuchasonthesurface.VanHoutanthinksthismaybebecausewhenplasticbreaksdownintoever-smallerpieces,theyarecoveredwithbiologicalmaterial,whichcausesthemtogodownintothedeep-seaarea.Theirfindingsarebasedonlyonacertainarea,andiftheresultsholdforthewideroceanenvironment,theamountofplasticinthemidwaterwouldbeworrying,becausethisiskeylivingenvironmentformostseaanimals.Theseparticles,whichhaveharmfulchemicals,cangointothefoodwebsatboththeocean'ssurfaceandseafloor,andcaninfluencereproductionofseaanimals.Thefinaleffectremainsunknown,butwhatisforcertain,Houtansays,isthat"thisisaseriousproblem,anditshowshumanscanchangenaturalsystems."Yetinotherways,“theresultsareencouraging,"hesays.Sincemostofthemicroplasticwastecomesfromsingle-useplastic,thismeanswecouldreducemicroplasticpollutionbycuttingdownontheproductionanduseoftheunnecessaryplasticproducts.27.Houtan'steamusedROVto________.A.filterthesamplewaterB.collectsamplesintheseaC.examinethechemicalsD.recordthedepthofwater28.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudymentionedinthepassage?A.Theseasurfaceisthemostseriouslypolluted.B.Deep-seaanimalswilldieoutinthenearfuture.C.Themidwaterholdsthemostmicroplasticparticles.D.Biologicalmaterialdestroysthefoodwebsindeepsea.29.Whatisthewritersmainpurposeinwringthispassage?A.Toremindpeopletoreduceplasticwaste.B.Toexplaincausesofmicroplasticpollution.C.Tointroducechangesintheoceanecosystem.D.Toadvisepeopletorecyclesingle-useproducts.DMostofusprobablyhavetoldalieatonetimeoranother.Someliesareharmful.Somearemostlyharmless.Stillotherliesmayevenbecreatedwithkindness.Butwhateverkindoflieyoutell,ittakessurprisingbrainpowertopullitoff.Lyingalsocanhaveunwantedinfluences,too.Whenyoutellthetruth,youthinkofwhatyouwanttosayandjustsayit.However,lyingtakesmuchmorework-youhavetocomeupwithastoryandrememberit.Alotofthatworkisdoneinabrainareacalledtheprefrontalcortex(前額葉皮層).It'sresponsibleforworkingmemoryandexecutivefunction(執(zhí)行功能)taskssuchasplanning,problem-solvingandself-controlWorkingmemorykeepsthingsinmindjustforalittlewhileasyou'reusingthem.Executivefunctioncomesintoplaywhenyouuseself-controltokeepfromblurtingout(脫口而出)thefactsthatwoulduncoveryourlie.Ithelpsyourecallallthedetailsofalietomakesurethatitsoundsbelievable.Italsoletsyouthinkasteportwoaheadtomakesurethelieyou'retellingwilllikelyholduptoquestioning.Callingonyourexecutivefunctionthiswayusesupalotofbrainpower.Vendemia,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,didaresearchandhasfoundthatpeople'smentalworkloadwillbehearerandtheirreactiontimelongerwhentheylie.Worsestill,whentheprefrontalcortexisbusywithtasksrelatedtolying,shenotes,ithasahardertimedoingothertaskssuchasmakingastudyplanorusingself-controltokeepfromspendingtoomuchtimeoncomputergames.Lyinghassocialinfluences,too.Eventhekindestliescansometimesberiskyandoftenbackfire.Whenyougivedishonestpraise,youmaymakeyourfriendsfeelgoodatfirst.Butifyoudoitoftenenough,they'llsoonlearnthattheycan'ttrustyourpraise.Peoplegenerallyvaluehonestyanddon'tlikelars,soifyouareviewedasuntrustworthy,itcanbebadforyourrelationships.It'swidelyagreedthatnearlyallculturesvaluehonesty,andnowscienceisrevealing(揭示)howdishonestyinfluencesthebrainandyourabilitytobuildthetrustonwhichstrongrelationshipsdepend.So,evenwhenlyingdoesn'tstretchyournose,itstillcomesatapricethatyoucan'tafford.30.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout________.A.whyself-controlbenefitsthebrainB.whatsocialinfluenceslyingcanbringC.howthebrainworkswhenpeoplelieD.whenexecutivefunctioncomesintoplay31.Whatcanwelearnaboutlyingfromthepassage?A.Lyingimprovesworkingmemory.B.Coveringliestakesmuchbrainpower.C.Thenatureofliesisdecidedbythebrain.D.People'sreactioncanbespedupbylying.32.Theunderlinedword“backfire"inParagraph4probablymeans“_______”.A.leadtoseriousaccidentsB.helptowinfullsupportC.buildupstrongrelationshipsD.havetheoppositeeffect33.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SignsofLyingB.CostsofLyingC.CausesofLiesD.TypesofLies第二部分本部分共5題，共20分。根據(jù)題目要求，完成相應(yīng)任務(wù)。四、閱讀表達(dá)(第34-36題每題2分,第37題4分，共10分)閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。DoctorsinBristolcansendpatientsonafreecoursefromthismonth,whichusesstand-upcomedytohelppatientswhoarefightingwithtrauma(創(chuàng)傷).Thecoursewaspioneeredbyacomedian,AngieBelcher.It'sbelievedthatcomedyisineveryoneofus,andweareallborncomedians.Everynightwecomehomefromworkandtellourfamilywhatourdayswerelike,butonthewayhomewe'llworkonthedetails,andtrytomakeourstoriesfunniertoamuseourfamilies.AccordingtoAngieBelcher,professionalcomedyeducationistogivepeoplethetoolstomakethestoriesbetter.Thecourseisacombinationofpsychology(心理學(xué)),comedyandstorytellinganditwilllastsixweeks.Infact,pasttraumasareperfectforcomedy.Comedydoesn'tcomefromthehappy,perfectmomentsofourlives,butfromoureverydaylifeevents.Peoplewho'vebeenthroughbiglifeexperiences,suchasthedeathofaclosefriendandpoorhealth,oftencan'twaittosharetheirstories,mostlybecausethereisalwayssomethingstrangelyfunnyaboutthesituation.Expertssaythatwecanacceptandhonorthecomedyofastain,asmuchasthesadnessofit.I'sashortperiodofrestfromsomethingunpleasant.Angie,whohasamaster'sdegreeinpsychology,saysthecourseisforanyonewhoisreadytoexploretheirtraumathroughcomedy.Itcanbetakenbypeopleinrecoveryfrommentalhealthproblemsandpeoplewho'vehadtrauma.There'slotsofone--to--onehelpintheroomtoo.Thecomediansgivepeopleahandtowritetheircomedyandexploresomedarktimesfromtheirhistory.Whilethecoursecan'ttaketheplaceofmedicaltreatment,talkingaboutourtraumainafunnywayindeedhelps.Comedycanhelptobuildcommunity.Whenwebringourstoriesaliveforothers,itmakesotherpeoplefeellessalone.Havingourexperiencesmirroredbacktousishugelycomforting.34.Whopioneeredthefreecourse?35.Howlongwillthecourselast?36.Wheredoescomedycomefromaccordingtothepassage?37.YourfriendPeterisnowgoingthroughatrauma.Wouldyouliketoadvisehimtotakethecoursementionedinthepassage?Whyorwhynot?五、文段表達(dá)(10分)38.從下面兩個(gè)題目中任選一題，根據(jù)中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50詞的文段寫作。文中已給出內(nèi)容不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。所給提示詞語僅供選用。請(qǐng)不要寫出你的校名和姓名。題目1假如你是李華，你校英語公眾號(hào)將推出以“科技”為主題的系列推送。請(qǐng)你用英文給公眾號(hào)留言，介紹一個(gè)你認(rèn)為最實(shí)用的設(shè)備(device)或應(yīng)用程序(app),并描述它給生活帶來的便利。提示詞語:technology,communicate,learn,convenient,time-saving提示問題:●Whatdeviceorappdoy