e英語教程3-Unit-2-課后答案

./Notes

for

Unit

2,

Book

ThreeI.

Key

Words

and

Useful

Expressions

<Text

A>1

hold

on

<L.

5>1>

survive

in

a

difficult

or

dangerous

situation;

hang

on

歷經(jīng)危難而不死；堅(jiān)持住他們設(shè)法堅(jiān)持住直到有救援到來.

They

managed

to

hold

on

until

help

arrived.我覺得自己堅(jiān)持不了多長時(shí)間了.

I

don’t

think

I

can

hold

on

much

longer.2>

<infml><usu.

in

imperative>

wait

and

stop

<通常用于祈使語句>等一下；停住停一停,讓我喘口氣.

Hold

on

a

minute

while

I

get

my

breath

back..2.

defy

<L.

10>

v

1>

disobey

or

refuse

to

respect

<sb.,

an

authority,

etc.>

違抗,反抗,藐視,蔑視〔某人﹑權(quán)威等他們違抗父母的意愿而結(jié)婚了.

They

defied

their

parents

and

got

married.任何蔑視法律的人都會(huì)受到懲罰.

Anyone

who

defies

the

law

will

be

published.2>

be

so

difficult

as

to

make

<sth.>

impossible

因?yàn)樘щy而使…不可能這門用什么方法也打不開.

The

door

defied

all

attempts

to

open

it.此問題無法解決.

The

problem

defied

solution.3.

given

<L.13>

1>

prep.

taking

<sth.>

into

account

考慮到〔某事物鑒于政府在解決失業(yè)問題上成績不佳,他們在選舉中獲勝機(jī)會(huì)似乎不大.Given

the

government’s

record

on

unemployment,

their

chances

of

winning

the

election

look

poor.考慮到她喜歡孩子,我可以肯定教書是最適合她的職業(yè).Given

that

she

is

interested

in

children/Given

her

interest

in

children,

I

am

sure

teaching

is

the

right

career

for

her.2>

adj.

<esp.

attrib>

specified

or

stated

<尤作定語>確定的；所述的；規(guī)定的他們要在規(guī)定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)會(huì)晤.

They

were

to

meet

at

a

given

time

and

place.這項(xiàng)工作必須在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成.

This

work

must

be

done

within

the

given

time.4.

crush

<on

sth.>

n.

<L.16><infml>

strong

but

typical

brief

liking

<for

sb.>

喜愛小學(xué)生往往很欽佩老師.

Schoolchildren

often

have/get

crushes

on

teachers.喬治對瑪麗有意思哦.

Gorge

has

a

big

crush

on

Mary.5.

fancy

<L.18>

v.1>

<infml>

have

a

desire

or

wish

for

<sth.>;

want

渴望或希望得到〔某事物；想要我想來杯茶.

I

fancy

a

cup

of

tea.你晚飯喜歡吃什么？

What

do

you

fancy

for

supper?2>

think

or

believe

<sth.>;

imagine

想；以為；想象我看今天要下雨.I

fancy

<that>

it’s

going

to

rain

today.他好像聽到身后有腳步聲.

He

fancied

he

heard

footsteps

behind

him.短語:

fancy

oneself

<as

sth.>

<infml>

自命不凡；自負(fù)6.

blossom

v.

<L.

40>

1>

<of

a

tree

or

shrub>

produce

flower〔指樹木開花櫻桃樹今年開花早.

The

cherry

trees

blossomed

early

this

year.2>

out

<into

sth.>

<fig.>

develop

in

a

healthy

or

promising

way;

grow

or

develop

<into

sth.>;

flouris

健康的成長；長成或發(fā)展成〔某事物；興盛莫扎特早在童年時(shí)已初露頭角〔成為作曲家.Mozart

blossomed

<as

a

composer>

very

early

in

life.她已亭亭玉立,成了美麗的少女.

She

has

blossomed

<out>

into

a

beautiful

young

lady.7.

restraint

n.

<L.48>

1>

[C]

～on

sth./sb.

thing

that

checks

or

controls;

restriction

起遏制作用的事物；管制措施；約束力他勇于打破常規(guī)的約束.

He

is

never

afraid

to

get

off

the

restraints

of

convention.她再也無法忍受有限的收入對家庭開支預(yù)算的約束了.She

began

to

find

the

restraints

on

the

family

budget

of

a

limited

income

unbearable.2>

[U]

the

state

of

being

controlled

or

checked抑制,遏制；管制；約束那孩子的感情一直受到壓抑.The

child’s

affections

were

kept

under/suffered

continual

restraint.8.

jump/climb/get

on

the

bandwagon<L.55>

joining

others

in

doing

sth.

fashionable

or

likely

to

be

successful

趕浪頭；趕時(shí)髦；隨大流

低腰牛仔褲現(xiàn)在很流行,人人趨之若騖呢.Low-waist

jeans

are

so

popular

now―everyone

is

jumping

on

the

bandwagon.我想也不妨像人們說的趕趕時(shí)髦.I

suppose

I

may

as

well

climb

on

the

bandwagon,

as

they

say.背景文化：bandwagon指的是有樂隊(duì)的馬車.在十九世紀(jì)的美國南方,參選人為了吸引選民注意,在選戰(zhàn)進(jìn)入緊鑼密鼓階段會(huì)安排車隊(duì)造勢,在車陣的最前方會(huì)有一輛上面有樂隊(duì)表演的馬車.拜票過程中,民眾會(huì)跳上車表示支持,期待該候選人當(dāng)選了,可從中撈到好處.后來,人們便將"跳上樂隊(duì)車"引申為"趕時(shí)髦"之意.9.

via

prep.

<L.58>

by

way

of

<sth.>;

through

經(jīng)由〔某事物；通過我可以通過內(nèi)部通訊系統(tǒng)給他發(fā)個(gè)通知.I

can

send

him

a

note

via

the

internal

mail

system.他取道土耳其來到歐洲.

He

came

to

Europe

via

Turkey.10.

blame

sth.

on

sb.

/

blame

sb.

<for

sth.>

<L.63-64>

consider

or

say

that

sb.

is

responsible

for

sth.

done

<badly

or

wrongly>

or

not

done

責(zé)怪；責(zé)備；歸咎于她把婚姻的觸礁歸咎于他.

She

blamed

the

failure

of

their

marriage

on

him.調(diào)查組指出火車司機(jī)應(yīng)對事故負(fù)責(zé).

The

inquiry

blamed

the

train

driver

for

the

accident.11.

acquire

vt.

<L.73>

gain

<sth.>

by

one’s

own

ability,

efforts

or

behavior

〔靠自己的能力﹑努力或行為而獲得,得到〔某事物學(xué)好英語

acquire

a

good

knowledge

of

English學(xué)會(huì)喝白蘭地酒

acquire

a

taste

of

brandy得到不誠實(shí)的名聲

acquire

a

reputation

of

dishonesty我妹妹無法把她的書桌搬入新居,我就是這樣才得到它的.My

sister

couldn’t

take

her

desk

with

her

to

the

new

house:

that

is

how

I

came

to

acquire

it.12.

let

sb.

loose

<on

sth.><L.83>

allow

sb.

to

deal

with

sth.

in

their

own

way

〔在某場合讓…任意行動(dòng),給予自由把狗放開一會(huì)吧.

Let

the

dog

loose

for

a

minute.只有當(dāng)人們有足夠訓(xùn)練之后,才允許他們在體制內(nèi)自由發(fā)展.People

are

only

let

loose

on

the

system

once

they

have

received

sufficient

training.13.

forge

vt.

<L.

84>

1>

shape

<sth.>

by

heating

it

in

a

fire

and

hammering

鍛造；打鐵鍛造劍﹑鐵鏈等

forge

a

sword,

a

chain,

etc2>

<fig>

create

<usu.

a

lasting

relationship>

by

means

of

much

hard

work

〔靠艱苦工作建立〔通常為長期關(guān)系建立同盟﹑聯(lián)系﹑聯(lián)盟等

forge

a

bond,

a

link,

an

alliance,

etc患難中建立起來的友誼

a

friendship

forged

by

adversity14.

Given

…,〔L.13-14

鑒于…的情況就這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的情況來看,只要能發(fā)動(dòng)它就算是奇跡了.Given

the

condition

of

the

engine,

it

is

a

wonder

that

it

even

starts.鑒于他的名聲,我無法確定我們是否應(yīng)該聘用他.Given

his

reputation,

I

am

not

sure

we

should

hire

him.15.

there

is

much

more…than

<L.78-79>

…決不僅僅意味著…沙漠所意味的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不只是沙子.

There

is

much

more

to

a

desert

than

sand.II.

Key

Words

and

Useful

Expressions

<Text

B>1.

moist

<L.

2>

潮濕的；濕潤的要記得按時(shí)給植物澆水以保持土壤濕潤.Do

remember

to

water

the

plant

regularly

to

keep

the

soil

moist.他妹妹雙眼噙著淚水.

His

sister’s

eyes

became

moist.派生詞

moisten

v.

〔使事物潮濕,濕潤moisture

n.

潮濕,水氣

moisturize

v.

〔施化妝品使〔皮膚滋潤2.

engaged

adj.

<L.

16>

<usu.

pred.>〔指一人或兩人已訂婚;

忙的,沒空的她和彼得定了婚.

She’s

engaged

to

Peter.我告訴他我在忙別的事.

I

told

him

I

was

otherwise

engaged.同源詞：

engaging

adj.

吸引注意力的；迷人的3.

fascinate

vt.

<L.23>

使〔某人著迷﹑神魂顛倒或極感興趣孩子們讓商店櫥窗里的玩具給吸引住了.The

children

were

fascinated

by

the

toys

in

the

shop

window.我瞧著她,完全被她迷住了.

I

watched

her,

fascinated.4.

in

the

course

of

<L.

36>

在…期間新的鐵路正在建設(shè)中.

The

new

railway

is

in

the

course

of

construction.在面試過程中中我的心跳得厲害.

My

heart

beat

thickly

in

the

course

of

the

interview.5.

manipulate

v.

<L.38>

熟練控制或操縱〔某事物原始人很快就學(xué)會(huì)了使用工具.

Primitive

man

quickly

learned

how

to

manipulate

tools.你知道如何使用計(jì)算機(jī)嗎?

Do

you

know

how

to

manipulate

a

computer?

6.

agonizing

adj.

<L.46>

使人痛苦的折磨人的疼痛

an

agonizing

pain惱人的耽擱

an

agonizing

delay痛苦的決定

an

agonizing

decision所有中國人無不殷切盼望早日結(jié)束這種令人痛心的局面.All

the

Chinese

people

are

yearning

for

an

early

end

to

this

agonizing

situation同源詞：

agonize

v.

〔對某事物極度憂慮或擔(dān)心

agonized

a.

表示痛苦的7.

clip

vt.

<L.58>

〔用剪刀剪〔某物；〔尤指剪短,修剪為參加狗展把狗的毛剪短了.

The

dog’s

fur

was

clipped

short

for

the

show.她將舊的紀(jì)錄縮短了近兩秒.

She

clipped

nearly

two

seconds

off

the

old

record.8.

file

vt.

<L.

58>

用銼切削〔某物她在很仔細(xì)地銼指甲.

She

is

filing

her

finger-nails

with

great

care.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的號(hào)碼被銼掉了.

The

engine

numbers

were

filed

away.9.

yield

vi.

<L.

72>

屈服,讓步；〔對某人/某事物不再反對該城受長期圍困而被迫棄守.

The

town

was

forced

to

yield

after

a

long

siege.她禁不住誘惑,又吃了一塊巧克力.

She

yielded

to

temptation

and

had

another

chocolate.10.

in

vain

<L.

74>

結(jié)果地,徒然;

無效果的,無用的昨晚我怎么也睡不著.

I

tried

in

vain

to

sleep

last

nignt.

我們的工作全都白干了.

All

our

work

was

in

vain.III.

Keys

to

the

ExercisesEnhance

Your

Language

AwarenessWORDS

IN

ACTIONWorking

with

Words

and

Expressions1.

1>

curled

2>

minimum

3>

clip

4>

yielded

5>

Given6>

awaiting

7>

fascinated

8>

affection

9>

interact

10>

haste11>

harden

12>

grief

13>

defies

14>

glance

15>

presence16>

lasting

17>

via

18>

acquire

19>

manipulate

20>

restraints2.

1>

let…loose

on

2>

fit

into

3>

hold

on

4>

state

of

affairs5>

in

the

course

of

6>

in

vain

7>

build…on

8>

In

short9>

grow

used

to

10>

blame…on

11>

reached

for

12>

give

and

takeIncreasing

Your

Word

Power1.

1>

overcoat

2>

overhead

3>

overjoyed

4>

overslept5>

overweight

6>

overdue

7>

overtime

8>

overworking2.

1>

crush

2>

attribtes

3>

fancy

4>

bubbled

5>

grasp6>

drizzling

7>

labeling

8>

yield3.

1>

We

are

short

of

hands.2>

I

still

have

some

money

in

hand.3>

Give

me

a

hand

with

this

box,

please.4>

I

often

keep

a

dictionary

at

hand.5>

The

football

fans

were

out

of

hand.6>

Hand

out

the

pencils

to

everyone

in

the

class.7>

This

ring

was

handed

down

to

me

by

my

grandmother.8>

Time’s

up.

Please

hand

in

your

test

papers.9>

Please

hand

on

the

magazine

to

your

roommates.10>

I’m

afraid

I

can’t

help

you.

I’m

a

green

hand.GRAMMAR

REVIEW1.

1>

Sitting

on

the

stairs

was

//

On

the

stairs

was

sitting2>

Over

the

wall

came

/

flew3>

Round

the

corner

was4>

Then

finally

came5>

Under

the

table

was

lying6>

At

/

On

the

top

of

<On

top

of>

the

hill

stood2.

1>

The

beaver

chews

down

trees

to

get

food

and

material

to

build

its

home

with.2>

Do

your

parents

think

Tom

is

a

nice

boy

to

go

out

with?3>

The

goals

for

which

he

has

fought

all

his

life

seem

unimportant

to

him

now.4>

None.5>

The

essay

starts

by

asking

a

question,

to

which

the

author

then

gives

a

positive

answer.CLOZE1.

1>

haste

2>

state

of

affairs

3>

distinguished

4>

meeting

of

minds

5>

blossom6>

inner

charm

7>

intimacy

8>

emotion

9>

acquiring

10>

ideals

11>

admiration12>

lasting

13>

affection

14>

forge

15>

honor

16>

overwhelmingTRANSLATION1無論是友情還是愛情,你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多.〔maximum;

minimumIn

either

friendship

or

love

/

In

both

friendship

and

love,you

should

never

expect

to

take

/

receive

the

maximum

while

you

give

the

minimum.2我把全部希望寄托在他的承諾上,結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他根本不是個(gè)真誠的人.〔build

on;

sincerityI

built

all

my

hopes

on

his

promise<s>,

only

to

find

that

he

was

not

a

man

of

sincerity

at

all.3我們帶母親去了所有我們能找到的最好的醫(yī)院,但一切努力都是徒勞的.母親還是沒能熬過那次疾病〔in

vainWe

took

Mother

to

all

the

best

hospitals

we

could

find,

but

all

our

efforts

were

in

vain;

she

failed

to

survive

the

disease.4情人節(jié)〔Valentine’s

Day是個(gè)一年一度在2月14日慶祝的節(jié)日,一個(gè)向自己心儀的對象表達(dá)愛意的好日子.〔affectionValendine’s

Day

is

an

annual

holiday

celebrated

on

February

14,

a

perfect

day

to

express

love

to

the

object

of

your

/

one’s

affection.5.

在信息時(shí)代,通過電子郵件方式跟遠(yuǎn)方的朋友交流幾乎可以是同步的〔simultaneous.〔era;

viaIn

the

information

era,

communications

with

far-away

friends

via

e-mail

can

be

almost

/

virtually

simultaneous.6愛情需要時(shí)間,因?yàn)橹挥新?xí)慣和學(xué)會(huì)欣賞對方才會(huì)產(chǎn)生出愛情.〔grow

used

to;

forgeLove

takes

time,

for

it

is

not

forged

until

you

have

grown

used

to

the

other’s

company

and

learned

to

appreciate

the

other.Paragraph

TransltionAfter

dinner,

we

all

sat

around

the

hearth.

Aunt

Susan

was

still

in

the

grief

of

losing

Uncle

Robert.

In

her

soft

voice

she

told

us

about

their

past

years.

Uncle

Robert

joined

the

army

shortly

after

they

were

engaged.

Given

the

critical

situation

at

the

time

when

lots

of

army

men

didn’t

return

alive,

you

can

imagine

how

much

overjoyed

Aunt

Susan

was

to

see

Uncle

Robert

come

back

safe

and

sound

from

the

European

battlefield.

Then

they

got

married

and

brought

up

five

children.

For

all

those

years,

their

affection

for

each

other

grew

stronger

in

the

course

of

overcoming

difficulties

and

hardships

in

life.

I

was

fascinated

by

Aunt

Susan’s

story,

which

was

totally

different

from

my

ideal

of

love.

They

practiced

giving

and

sharing

in

their

daily

life

instead

of

pursuing

passion

and

romance.

Amazingly,

such

love

lasted

through

their

whole

life.IV.

Writing1.

Writing

SkillHow

to

write

a

letter

of

applicationThe

purpose

of

a

letter

of

application

is

to

help

the

applicant

obtain

the

job

he

is

interested

in.

It

should

state

clearly

what

position

the

applicant

wants,

and

should

tell

what

his

abilities

are

what

he

has

to

offer.

It

should

provide

a

quick,

clear

picture

of

the

applicant’s

qualifications,

accomplishment

and

aims.

It

should

present

the

applicant

to

possible

employors

in

the

best

light.Basic

structureThe

opening,

in

which

you—

Explain

how

you

heard

about

the

vacancy;—

Specify

the

job

you

are

seeking;—

Introduce

yourself.The

sales

pitch,

in

which

you—

First

say

something

about

yourself

that

will

make

your

reader

want

to

go

on

reading;—

Then

answer

the

question

"why

you"

of

all

the

applications

or

resumes

they

have

received

by

stating

your

accomplishments

and

abilities;

—

then

tell

them

you

genuinely

want

to

work

for

the

company/organization,

etc.The

call

for

action,

in

which

you—

Suggest

what

you

will

do

to

follow

up;—

Request

an

interview.The

closing,

in

which

you

end

the

letter

in

a

business-like

manner

by—

Using

"sincerely

<yours>".2.

Useful

expressions1>

Applications

for

entry

to

a

collegeI

am

writing

to

as

whether

you

could

send

me

some

information

about

your

college

and

for

the

application

forms…I

am

writing

to

you

in

the

hope

that

I

may

obtain

an

opportunity

to

do

graduate

study

in

our

university…2>

Application

for

jobsI

see

from

your

advertisement

in

yesterday’s

China

Daily

that…I

am

interested

in

the

post/I

should

like

to

apply

for

the

post

of

which

you

advertised

in

yesterday’s

China

Daily…I

should

very

much

like

to

be

considered

for

the

post

of

…

which

was

advertised

in…I

am

looking

for

a

job

as…,

and

would

be

grateful

if

you

would

consider

me

for

such

a

post

in

your

firm.Thank

you

for

your

time

and

consideration.I

can

come

for

an

interview

at

any

time

convenient

to

you.I

look

forward

to

your

early

reply/the

interview.I

look

forward

to

hearing

from

you

and

I

do

hope

I

shall

have

the

opportunity

of

an

interview.3.

Writing

Practice:

Learn

to

write

an

application

letter

from

the

exampleDirections:

You

want

to

apply

for

the

following

job:

waiter/waitress

required

for

evening

work..Write

a

letter

to

Mr.

Henry

<the

boss>

to:1>

show

your

interest

in

the

position,2>

explain

why

you

would

be

suitable

for

the

job,3>

look

forward

to

the

possible

interview

with

him.Do

not

sign

your

own

name

at

the

end

of

the

letter.

Use

"Li

Ming"

instead.

Do

not

write

the

address.SampleDear

Mr.

Henry,I

am

writing

to

express

my

interest

in

your

recently

advertised

position

for

a

waitress.

Enclosed

with

this

letter

is

my

resume,

which

further

details

my

previous

work

experience

and

qualifications.First,

not

only

do

my

qualifications

and

work

experience

make

me

a

perfect

candidate

for

the

job,

my

personality

is

well

suited

to

working

as

a

waitress.

Second,

I

am

a

very

friendly

person

who

can

quickly

establish

rapport

with

people

of

all

ages