雙語(yǔ)對(duì)照與簡(jiǎn)要注釋詳解h

第一條：為促進(jìn)資金融通和商品流通，保障債權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，發(fā)展社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，制定本法。Article1ThisLawisenactedwithaviewto第一條：為促進(jìn)資金融通和商品流通，保障債權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，發(fā)展社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，制定本法。Article1ThisLawisenactedwithaviewtopromotingtheaccommodationoffundsandthecirculationofcommodities,ensuringtheenforcementofcreditor'srightsanddevelopingthesocialistmarketeconomy.isenactedwith:commodity:商品socialist:社會(huì)主義第二條：在借貸、買賣、貨物運(yùn)輸、加工承攬等經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中，債權(quán)人需要以擔(dān)保方式保障其債權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，可以依照本法規(guī)定設(shè)定擔(dān)保。本法規(guī)定的擔(dān)保方式為保證、抵押、質(zhì)押、留置和定Article2Ifcreditorsneedtohavetheirclaimshonouredbymeansofguarantyinsucheconomicactivitiesasloans,purchaseandsaleofcommodities,transportationofgoods,andcontractforprocessingmaterials,theymayestablishguarantyaccordingtotheprovisionsofthisLaw.ThemodesofguarantyasprovidedbythisLawaresuretyship,mortgage,pledge,lienanddeposit.honour承兌，中文版譯為實(shí)現(xiàn)mortgage:抵押pledge:質(zhì)押lien:留置，扣押deposit:保證金，定金第三條：擔(dān)?；顒?dòng)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循平等、自愿、公平、誠(chéng)第三條：擔(dān)?；顒?dòng)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循平等、自愿、公平、誠(chéng)實(shí)信用的原Article3Inguarantyactivities,theprinciplesofequality,voluntariness, observe:遵守，遵循fairness,honestyandcredibilityshallbeobserved.第四條：第三人為債務(wù)人向債權(quán)人提供擔(dān)保時(shí)，可以要求債務(wù)人提供反擔(dān)保。反擔(dān)保適用本法擔(dān)保的規(guī)定。Article4Whereathirdpartyprovidesaguarantytocreditorforadebtor,thethirdpartymayrequirethedebtortoprovidehimwithacounter-guaranty.TheprovisionsonguarantyinthisLawshallapplytothecounter-guaranty.athirdparty:第三人，第三方counterguaranty:反擔(dān)保applyto:應(yīng)用于第五條：擔(dān)保合同是主合同的從合同，主合同無(wú)效，擔(dān)保合同無(wú)效。擔(dān)保合同另有約定的，按照約定。擔(dān)保合同被確認(rèn)無(wú)效后，債務(wù)人、擔(dān)保人、債權(quán)人有過(guò)錯(cuò)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)其過(guò)錯(cuò)各自承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的民事責(zé)任。Article5Aguarantycontractisanancillarycontractoftheprincipalcontract.Iftheprincipalcontractisnullandvoid,theguarantycontractshallbenullandvoid,accordingly.Whereitisotherwiseagreedintheguarantycontract,suchagreementshallprevail.Ifaguarantycontractdeterminedtobenullandvoid,thedebtor,theguarantororthecreditorwhoisindefaultshallbearcivilliabilityaccordingtotheirrespectivefault.ancillary:輔助的，副的null:無(wú)效的，無(wú)價(jià)值的void:空的，無(wú)效的prevail通行，有效第六條：本法所稱保證，是指保證人和債權(quán)人約定，當(dāng)債務(wù)人不履行債務(wù)時(shí)，保證人按照約定履行債務(wù)或者承擔(dān)責(zé)任的行為。Article6Suretyshipasusedinthis第六條：本法所稱保證，是指保證人和債權(quán)人約定，當(dāng)債務(wù)人不履行債務(wù)時(shí)，保證人按照約定履行債務(wù)或者承擔(dān)責(zé)任的行為。Article6SuretyshipasusedinthisLawmeansanagreementpursuanttowhichasuretyandacreditoragreethatthesuretyshallperformtheobligationorbeartheliabilityaccordingtotheagreement,whenthedebtorfailstoperformhisobligation.pursuantto:依照，依據(jù)surety:保證人obligation:義務(wù)，職責(zé)第七條：具有代為清償債務(wù)能力的法人、其他組織或者公民，可以作保證Article7Alegalperson,otherorganizationoracitizencapableofassumingdebtsmayactasasurety.legalperson:法人assume承擔(dān)，中文版譯為清償?shù)诎藯l：國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)不得為保證人，但經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)為使用外國(guó)政府或者國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)組織貸款進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)貸的除外。Article8NoStateorganmayactasasurety,exceptinthecaseofsecuringloans,foronlending,fromaforeigngovernmentoraninternationaleconomicorganizationasisapprovedbytheStateCan:機(jī)構(gòu)，機(jī)關(guān)onlend:轉(zhuǎn)貸theStateCouncil:國(guó)務(wù)院第九條：學(xué)校、幼兒園、醫(yī)院等以第九條：學(xué)校、幼兒園、醫(yī)院等以公益為目的的事業(yè)單位、社會(huì)團(tuán)體不得為保證人。Article9Institutionssuchasschools,kindergartensandhospitalsestablishedforpurposesofpublicwelfare,andpublicorganizationsmaynotactasasurety.kindergarten:幼兒園welfare:福利，福利事業(yè)第十條：企業(yè)法人的分支機(jī)構(gòu)、職能部門不得為保證企業(yè)法人的分支機(jī)構(gòu)有法人書面授權(quán)的，可以在授權(quán)范圍內(nèi)提供保Article10Branchesandfunctioningdepartmentsofanenterpriseasalegalpersonmaynotactasasurety.Ifabranchofanenterpriseasalegalpersonhasapowerofattorneyfromthelegalperson,itmayprovideasuretyshipwithinthescopeofauthority.attorney:代理權(quán)thescopeofauthority權(quán)力范圍，授權(quán)范圍第十一條：任何單位和個(gè)人不得強(qiáng)令銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)或者企業(yè)為他人提供保證；銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)或者企業(yè)對(duì)強(qiáng)令其為他人提供保證的行為，有權(quán)拒絕。Article11Noorganizationorindividualmaycompelabankoranotherfinancialinstitutionoranenterprisetoprovideasuretyshipforanother;abankoranotherfinancialinstitutionoranenterpriseshallhavetherighttorefusetoprovidesuretyshipforpel:強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)令financialinstitution金融機(jī)構(gòu)第十二條：同一債務(wù)有兩個(gè)以上保證人的，保證人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照保證合同約定的保證份額，承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。沒有約定保證份額的，保證人承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任，債權(quán)人可以要求任何一個(gè)保證人承擔(dān)全部保證責(zé)任，保證人都負(fù)有擔(dān)保全部債權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的義務(wù)。已經(jīng)承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任的保證人，有權(quán)向債務(wù)人追償，或者要求承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任的其他保證人清償其應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的份額。Article12Wheretherearetwo第十二條：同一債務(wù)有兩個(gè)以上保證人的，保證人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照保證合同約定的保證份額，承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。沒有約定保證份額的，保證人承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任，債權(quán)人可以要求任何一個(gè)保證人承擔(dān)全部保證責(zé)任，保證人都負(fù)有擔(dān)保全部債權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的義務(wù)。已經(jīng)承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任的保證人，有權(quán)向債務(wù)人追償，或者要求承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任的其他保證人清償其應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的份額。Article12Wheretherearetwoormoresuretiesforoneobligation,suretiesshallundertakesuretyshipliabilityaccordingtotheirproportionsuretyshipagreedinthesuretyshipcontract.Intheabsenceofanagreementontheproportionofsuretyship,thesuretiesshallbejointlyandseverallyliable.Thecreditormaydemandanyoneofthesuretiestoundertakesuretyshipliability,andeverysuretyshallhavetheobligationtoensureallofthecreditor'srights.Thesuretywhohasundertakenthesuretyshipliabilityshallhavetherightofrecourseagainstthedebtor,orhavetherighttodemandothersuretieswhoarejointlyandseverallyliabletodischargetheproportionofobligationswhichtheyshouldrespectivelyportion:比例，份額bejointlyandseverallyliable:連帶責(zé)任recourse:追償，求索discharge:承擔(dān)respectively:分別地，各自地assume:承擔(dān)第十三條：保證人與第十三條：保證人與債權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)以書面形式訂立保證合Article13Asuretyandacreditorshallconcludeasuretyshipcontractinwriting.第十四條：保證人與債權(quán)人可以就單個(gè)主合同分別訂立保證合同，也可以協(xié)議在最高債權(quán)額限度內(nèi)就一定期間連續(xù)發(fā)生的借款合同或者某項(xiàng)商品交易合同訂立一個(gè)保證合同。Article14Asuretyandacreditormayconcludeseparatesuretyshipcontractsforasingleprincipalcontract,ormayreachanagreementconclude,totheextentofthemaximumamountofclaim,asinglesuretyshipcontractforloancontractsorforcertaincommoditiestransactioncontractswhichsuccessivelyoccurinagivenperiodoftime.conclude:訂立，決定suretyshipcontract保證合同extent:范圍，限度transaction:交易successively:連續(xù)地givenperiodoftime:一定期間，某段時(shí)間第十五條：保證合同應(yīng)當(dāng)包第十五條：保證合同應(yīng)當(dāng)包括以（一）被保證的主債權(quán)種類、數(shù)（二）債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)的期（三）保證的方（四）保證擔(dān)保的范（五）保證的期（六）雙方認(rèn)為需要約定的其他保證合同不完全具備前款規(guī)定內(nèi)容的，可以Article15Asuretyshipcontractshallcontainthefollowingparticulars:(1)thekindandamountoftheprincipalclaimguaranteed;(2)thetime limitforthedebtortoperformtheobligation;(3)themodesofsuretyship;(4)thescopeofthesuretyshipguaranty;(5)thetermofthesuretyship;and(6)othermattersthepartiesdeemappropriate.Ifasuretyshipcontractdoesnotcontainalltheparticularsspecifiedintheprecedingparagraph,theparticularsomittedmaybeaddedbyamendment.第十六條：保證的方（一）一（二）連帶責(zé)任保Article16Themodesofsuretyshipinclude:(1)generalsuretyship;(2)suretyshipofjointandseveralliability.particular:詳細(xì)說(shuō)明，內(nèi)容deem:認(rèn)為，視作precedingparagraph:前述內(nèi)容，前款規(guī)定omit:省略，遺漏amendment:改善，補(bǔ)正generalsuretyship:一般保證liability:責(zé)任第十七條：第十七條：當(dāng)事人在保證合同中約定，債務(wù)人不能履行債務(wù)時(shí)，由保證人承擔(dān)保證責(zé) wherein:在其的，為一般保證。一般保證的保證人在主合同糾紛未經(jīng)審判或者仲裁，并就債依法強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行仍不能履行債務(wù)前，對(duì)債權(quán)人可以拒絕承擔(dān)保證責(zé)有下列情形之一的，保證人不得行使前款規(guī)定的權(quán)利 default:違（一）債務(wù)人住所變更，致使債權(quán)人要求其履行債務(wù)發(fā)生重大困難（二）人民法院受理債務(wù)人破產(chǎn)案件，中止執(zhí)行程序的 arbitrate:仲裁，公（三）保證人以書面形式放棄前款規(guī)定的權(quán)Article17Ageneralsuretyshipreferstoasuretyshipcontractwhereinpartiesagreethatthesuretyshallundertakesuretyshipliabilityincase domicile:住宅，住所debtordefaults.Ageneralsuretyshipallowsthesuretytorefuseundertakesuretyshipliabilitytowardsthecreditorbeforeadisputeoverprincipalcontractistriedorarbitratedandtheobligationsare suspend使暫停，使中止enforceableevenafterthedebtor'sassetshavebeenseizedaccordingtolaw.Asuretymaynotexercisetherightprovidedintheprecedingparagraphinanyofthefollowingcircumstances:(1)Thechangeofthedebtor'domicilemakesitextremelydifficultforthecreditortohavethedebtor bankruptcy:破產(chǎn)obligationenforced;(2)APeople'sCourtsuspendstheenforcementproceedingsduetoitsacceptanceofthedebtor'sbankruptcycase;or(3Thesuretywaivesinwritingtherightprovidedintheprecedingparagraph. waive:放棄，擱置第十八條：當(dāng)事人在保證合同中約定保證人與債務(wù)人對(duì)債務(wù)承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任的，為連帶責(zé)任保證。連帶責(zé)任保證的債務(wù)人在主合同規(guī)定的債務(wù)履行期屆滿沒有履行債務(wù)的，債權(quán)人可以要求債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)，也可以要求保證人在其保證范圍內(nèi)承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。Article18Asuretyshipofjointandseveral第十八條：當(dāng)事人在保證合同中約定保證人與債務(wù)人對(duì)債務(wù)承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任的，為連帶責(zé)任保證。連帶責(zé)任保證的債務(wù)人在主合同規(guī)定的債務(wù)履行期屆滿沒有履行債務(wù)的，債權(quán)人可以要求債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)，也可以要求保證人在其保證范圍內(nèi)承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。Article18Asuretyshipofjointandseveralliabilityreferstoasuretyshipcontractwhereinthepartiesagreethatthesuretyandthedebtorshallbejointlyandseverallyliable.Wherethedebtorofasuretyshipofjointandseveralliabilitydefaultswhenthetimelimitforhisperformanceofobligationprovidedintheprincipalcontractexpires,thecreditormaydemandthatthedebtorperformhisobligation,ordemandthatthesuretyundertakethesuretyshipliabilitywithinthescopeofthesuretyshipagreement.jointandseveralliability連帶責(zé)任default:違約expire:期滿withinthescope:在范圍內(nèi)第十九條：當(dāng)事人對(duì)保證方式?jīng)]有約定或者約定不明確的，按照連帶責(zé)任保證承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。Article19Intheabsenceofanagreedorexplicitlyagreedmodesuretyship,thepartiesshallbearthesuretyshipliabilityfollowingthemodeofasuretyshipofjointandseveralliability.absence:缺乏，沒有explicitly:明確地，明白地第二十條：一般保證和連帶責(zé)任保證的保證人享有債務(wù)人的抗辯權(quán)。債務(wù)人放棄對(duì)債務(wù)的抗辯權(quán)的，保證人仍有權(quán)抗辯?？罐q權(quán)是指?jìng)鶛?quán)人行使債權(quán)時(shí)第二十條：一般保證和連帶責(zé)任保證的保證人享有債務(wù)人的抗辯權(quán)。債務(wù)人放棄對(duì)債務(wù)的抗辯權(quán)的，保證人仍有權(quán)抗辯?？罐q權(quán)是指?jìng)鶛?quán)人行使債權(quán)時(shí)，債務(wù)人根據(jù)法定事由，對(duì)抗債權(quán)人行使請(qǐng)求權(quán)Article20Thesuretyofageneralsuretyshiporasuretyshipofjointandseveralliabilityshallenjoythedebtor'srightofdefense.Whereadebtorwaiveshisrightofdefenseagainsttheobligation,thesuretyshallstillenjoyarightofdefense.Therightofdefensemeansadebtor'srighttoexercisehisrightofclaimonlegalbasisagainstthecreditorwhenthecreditorseekstoenforcehisrights.rightofdefense:抗辯權(quán)waive:放棄，擱置onlegalbasis:第二十一條：保證擔(dān)保的范圍包括主債權(quán)及利息、違約金、損害賠償金和實(shí)現(xiàn)債權(quán)的費(fèi)用。保證合同另有約定的，按照約定。當(dāng)事人對(duì)保證擔(dān)保的范圍沒有約定或者約定不明確的，保證人應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)全部債務(wù)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。Article21Thescopeofthesuretyshipguarantyincludestheprincipalclaimandtheinterestthereof,defaultfine,compensationfordamageandexpensesforenforcingtheclaim,unlessthesuretyshipcontractprovidesotherwise.Intheabsenceofanagreedorexplicitlyagreedscopeofinterestthereof:（債務(wù)）產(chǎn)生的利息defaultfine:違約金suretyshipguaranty,suretyshipguaranty,thesuretyshallbeliableforpaymentofalltheabovecosts.第二十二條：保證期間，債權(quán)人依法將主債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給第三人的，保證人在原保證擔(dān)保的范圍內(nèi)繼續(xù)承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。保證合同另有約定的，按照約定。Article22Ifacreditor第二十二條：保證期間，債權(quán)人依法將主債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給第三人的，保證人在原保證擔(dān)保的范圍內(nèi)繼續(xù)承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。保證合同另有約定的，按照約定。Article22Ifacreditortransfers,inaccordancewithlaw,hisprincipalclaimtoathirdpartyduringtheperiodofthesuretyship,thesuretyshallcontinuetobeboundbythesuretyshipcontractwithinthescopeoftheoriginalsuretyshipguaranty,unlessthesuretyshipcontractprovidesotherwise.第二十三條：保證期間，債權(quán)人許可債務(wù)人轉(zhuǎn)讓債務(wù)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)取得保證人書面同意，保證人對(duì)未經(jīng)其同意轉(zhuǎn)讓的債務(wù)，不再承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。Article23Whereacreditorpermitsadebtortotransferhisdebtstoathirdpartyduringtheperiodofthesuretyship,aconsentinwritingshallneedtobeobtainedfromthesurety;thesuretyshallnolongerbeliableifthedebtsaretransferredwithouthispriorconsentinwriting.第二十四條：債權(quán)人與債務(wù)人協(xié)議變更主合同的，應(yīng)當(dāng)取得保證人書面同意，未經(jīng)保證人書面同意的，保證人不再承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。保證合同另有約定的，按照約定。Article24Whenacreditorandadebtoragreetoaltertheprincipalcontract,theyshallhavetoobtainthesurety'sconsentinwriting;thesuretyshallnolongerbeliableifthecontractisalteredwithouthispriorconsentinwriting,unlessthesuretyshipcontractprovidesotherwise.inaccordancewithlaw:照法律，以法律為依據(jù)bound:有義務(wù)的consent:同意prior:在先的，事先的alter:改變，變更principalcontract:主合同第二十五條：一般保證的保證人與債權(quán)人未約定保證期間的，保證期間為主債務(wù)履行期屆滿之日起六個(gè)月。在合同約定的保證期間和前款規(guī)定的保證期間，債權(quán)人未對(duì)債務(wù)人提起訴訟或者申請(qǐng)仲裁的，保證人免除保證責(zé)任；債權(quán)人已提起訴訟或者申請(qǐng)仲裁的，保證期間適用訴訟時(shí)效中斷的規(guī)定。Article25Ifthesurety第二十五條：一般保證的保證人與債權(quán)人未約定保證期間的，保證期間為主債務(wù)履行期屆滿之日起六個(gè)月。在合同約定的保證期間和前款規(guī)定的保證期間，債權(quán)人未對(duì)債務(wù)人提起訴訟或者申請(qǐng)仲裁的，保證人免除保證責(zé)任；債權(quán)人已提起訴訟或者申請(qǐng)仲裁的，保證期間適用訴訟時(shí)效中斷的規(guī)定。Article25Ifthesuretyofageneralsuretyshipandthecreditorhavenoagreementonthetermofsuretyship,thetermofsuretyshipshallbesixmonthsfromthedateofmaturityoftheprincipaldebts.Wherethecreditorneitherfilesalawsuitagainstthedebtornorappliesforarbitrationduringthetermofsuretyshipagreedinthecontractorprovidedintheprecedingparagraph,thesuretyshallberelievedofthesuretyshipliability;wherethecreditorhasfiledalawsuitorappliedforarbitration,theprovisionsontheinterruptionofprescriptionshallapplytothetermofsuretyship.maturity:到期filesalawsuit:提起訴訟arbitration:仲裁，公斷berelievedof:免除interruption:中斷prescription:慣例，指示第二十六條：連帶責(zé)任保證的保證人與債權(quán)人未約定保證期間的，債權(quán)人有權(quán)自主債務(wù)履行期屆滿之日起六個(gè)月內(nèi)要求保證人承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。在合同約定的保證期間和前款規(guī)定的保證期間，債權(quán)人未要求保證人承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任的，保證人免除保證責(zé)任。Article26Wherethesurety第二十六條：連帶責(zé)任保證的保證人與債權(quán)人未約定保證期間的，債權(quán)人有權(quán)自主債務(wù)履行期屆滿之日起六個(gè)月內(nèi)要求保證人承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。在合同約定的保證期間和前款規(guī)定的保證期間，債權(quán)人未要求保證人承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任的，保證人免除保證責(zé)任。Article26Wherethesuretyofasuretyshipofjointandseveralliabilityandthecreditorhavenoagreementonthetermofsuretyship,thecreditorshall,withinsixmonthsfromthedateofmaturityoftheprincipaldebts,havetherighttodemandthatthesuretyundertakesuretyshipliability.Ifthecreditordoesnotdemandthatthesuretyundertakesuretyshipliabilityduringthetermofsuretyshipagreedinthecontractorprovidedbytheprecedingparagraph,thesuretyshallberelievedofthesuretyshipliability.jointandseveralliability連帶責(zé)任maturity:到期theprecedingparagraph:述內(nèi)容，前款規(guī)定berelievedof:免除第二十七條：保證人依照本法第十四條規(guī)定就連續(xù)發(fā)生的債權(quán)作保證，未約定保證期間的，保證人可以隨時(shí)書面通知債權(quán)人終止保證合同，但保證人對(duì)于通知到債權(quán)人前所發(fā)生的債權(quán)，承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。Article27Whereinaccordancewith第二十七條：保證人依照本法第十四條規(guī)定就連續(xù)發(fā)生的債權(quán)作保證，未約定保證期間的，保證人可以隨時(shí)書面通知債權(quán)人終止保證合同，但保證人對(duì)于通知到債權(quán)人前所發(fā)生的債權(quán)，承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。Article27WhereinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle14ofthisLaw,asuretyprovidesasuretyshiptoacreditor'sclaimswhichsuccessivelyoccurbutthereisnoagreementonthetermofthesuretyship,thesuretymayatanytimenotifyinwritingthecreditorofterminationofsuretyshipcontract,nevertheless,thesuretyshallbeliableforthecreditor'sclaimswhichvestedbeforethecreditorreceivesthenotice.inaccordancewith:notify:通知，通告termination:終止，結(jié)束vest:授予第二十八條：同一債權(quán)既有保證又有物的擔(dān)保的，保證人對(duì)物的擔(dān)保以外的債權(quán)承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。債權(quán)人放棄物的擔(dān)保的，保證人在債權(quán)人放棄權(quán)利的范圍內(nèi)免除保Article28Wheretherearebothsuretyshipandpropertysecurityforthesameclaim,thesuretyshallbeliableforthecreditor'sclaimunsecuredbythepropertysecurity.Ifthecreditorwaivesthepropertysecurity,thesuretyshallberelievedofhissuretyshipliabilitytotheextentofthecreditor'spertysecurity:物的擔(dān)保unsecured:沒有擔(dān)保的extent:程度，范圍第二十九條：企業(yè)法人的分支機(jī)構(gòu)未經(jīng)法人書面授權(quán)或者超出授權(quán)范圍與債權(quán)人訂立保證合同的，該合同無(wú)效或者超出授權(quán)范圍的部分無(wú)效，債權(quán)人和企業(yè)法人有過(guò)錯(cuò)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)其過(guò)錯(cuò)各自承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的民事責(zé)任；債權(quán)人無(wú)過(guò)錯(cuò)的，由企業(yè)法人承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。Article29Ifabranchof第二十九條：企業(yè)法人的分支機(jī)構(gòu)未經(jīng)法人書面授權(quán)或者超出授權(quán)范圍與債權(quán)人訂立保證合同的，該合同無(wú)效或者超出授權(quán)范圍的部分無(wú)效，債權(quán)人和企業(yè)法人有過(guò)錯(cuò)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)其過(guò)錯(cuò)各自承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的民事責(zé)任；債權(quán)人無(wú)過(guò)錯(cuò)的，由企業(yè)法人承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。Article29Ifabranchofanenterpriseasalegalpersonconcludessuretyshipcontractwithacreditorwithoutthewrittenauthorizationoftheenterpriseorbeyondthescopeoftheauthorization,thesuretyshipcontractshallbenullandvoidorthepartofthecontractthatisbeyondthescopeoftheauthorizationshallbenullandvoid.Ifthecreditorandtheenterpriseasalegalpersonarebothatfault,theyshallbeartheirrespectivecivilliabilitiescommensuratewiththeirownfault;ifthecreditorisnotatfault,theenterpriseasalegalpersonshallbecivillyliable.authorization:授權(quán)，批準(zhǔn)nullandvoid:無(wú)效的respective:各自的civilliabilities:民事責(zé)任commensurate:相應(yīng)的第三十條：有下列情形之一的，保證人不承擔(dān)民事責(zé)（一）主合同當(dāng)事人雙方串通，騙取保證人提供保證（二）主合同債權(quán)人采取欺詐、脅迫等手段，使保證人在違背真實(shí)意思的情況下提供保證的。Article30Thesuretyshallnotbecivillyliableunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances:(1)thepartiestotheprincipalcontractconspiretodefraudthesuretyofasuretyship;and(2)thecreditortotheprincipalcontractresortstodeceptionorcoerciontoinduceorcausethesuretytoprovideasuretyshipagainstitswill.conspire:串通，共謀defraud:欺騙，騙取resorttodeception欺騙手段coercion:強(qiáng)迫，脅迫第三十一條：保證人承擔(dān)保第三十一條：保證人承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任后，有權(quán)向債務(wù)人追償 entitled:有權(quán)利的，有資格Article31Thesurety,afterhisassumptionofthesuretyshipliability,shallrecourse:追償，求索beentitledtorecourseagainstthedebtor.第三十二條：人民法院受理債務(wù)人破產(chǎn)案件后，債權(quán)人未申報(bào)債權(quán)的，保證人可以參加破產(chǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)分配，預(yù)先行使追償權(quán)。Article32IfthecreditordoesnotseektoenforcehisclaimafteraPeople'Court'sacceptanceofthedebtor'sbankruptcycase,thesuretyparticipateinthedistributionofthebankruptcypropertyandexercisehisrightofrecourseinadvance.bankruptcy:破產(chǎn)distribution:分配exercise:行使，使用inadvance:預(yù)先第三十三條：第三十三條：本法所稱抵押，是指?jìng)鶆?wù)人或者第三人不轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)本法第三十四條所列財(cái) mortgage:抵的占有，將該財(cái)產(chǎn)作為債權(quán)的擔(dān)保。債務(wù)人不履行債務(wù)時(shí)，債權(quán)人有權(quán)依照本該財(cái)產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者以拍賣、變賣該財(cái)產(chǎn)的價(jià)款優(yōu)先受償 transference:轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)前款規(guī)定的債務(wù)人或者第三人為抵押人，債權(quán)人為抵押權(quán)人，提供擔(dān)保的財(cái)產(chǎn)為抵押物 convert:轉(zhuǎn)變，變Article33MortgageasusedinthisLawmeansthatthedebtororathirdpartysecuresthecreditorsrightswithpropertylistedinArticle34of offset:抵消，補(bǔ)償Lawwithouttransferenceofitspossession.Ifthedebtordefaults,creditorshallbeentitledtoconvertthepropertyintomoneytooffsetpriority:優(yōu)先權(quán)debtsorhavepriorityinsatisfyinghisclaimfromtheproceedsofauctionorsaleofthepropertyinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisLaw.Thedebtororthethirdpartyspecifiedintheprecedingparagraphis mortgagor:抵押人mortgagor,thecreditoristhemortgagee,andthepropertyprovidedsecurityisthemortgagedproperty. mortgagee:抵押權(quán)人第三十四條：下列財(cái)產(chǎn)可以抵第三十四條：下列財(cái)產(chǎn)可以抵（一）抵押人所有的房屋和其他地上定著（二）抵押人所有的機(jī)器、交通運(yùn)輸工具和其他財(cái)（三）抵押人依法有權(quán)處分的國(guó)有的土地使用權(quán)、房屋和其他地上（四）抵押人依法有權(quán)處分的國(guó)有的機(jī)器、交通運(yùn)輸工具和其他財(cái)（五）抵押人依法承包并經(jīng)發(fā)包方同意抵押的荒山、荒溝、荒丘、荒灘等荒地的土地使用權(quán)；（六）依法可以抵押的其他財(cái)?shù)盅喝丝梢詫⑶翱钏胸?cái)產(chǎn)一并Article34Thefollowingpropertymaybemortgaged:(1)housesandotherthingsfirmlyfixedonthelandwhichareownedbythemortgagor;(2)machines,meansoftransportandotherpropertyownedbythemortgagor;(3)theland-userighttotheState-ownedland,State-ownedhousesandotherthingsfirmlyfixedonthelandwhichthemortgagorisentitledtodisposeofaccordingtolaw;(4)State-ownedmachines,meansoftransportandotherpropertywhichthemortgagorisentitledtodisposeofaccordingtolaw;(5)theland-userighttobarrenhills,barrengullies,barrenhillocks,wastefloodlandandotherunreclaimedlandcontractedbythemortgagoraccordingtoandconsentforthemortgageofsuchrightisobtainedfromthepartygrantingthecontract;and(6)otherpropertythatmaybemortgagedaccordingtolaw.mortgagormayatthesametimemortgageallthepropertylistedintheprecedingparagraph.means:財(cái)產(chǎn)landuseright:土地使用權(quán)Stateownedland:國(guó)有土地dispose:處理，處分barren:貧瘠的，荒蕪的gully:水溝hillock:小丘unreclaimed:未開拓的第三十五條：抵押人所擔(dān)保的債權(quán)不得超出其抵押物的價(jià)值。財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押后，該財(cái)產(chǎn)的價(jià)值大于所擔(dān)保債權(quán)的余額部分，可以再次抵押，但不得超出其余額部分。Article35Theamountofa第三十五條：抵押人所擔(dān)保的債權(quán)不得超出其抵押物的價(jià)值。財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押后，該財(cái)產(chǎn)的價(jià)值大于所擔(dān)保債權(quán)的余額部分，可以再次抵押，但不得超出其余額部分。Article35Theamountofaclaimsecuredbyamortgagorshallnotexceedthevalueofhismortgagedproperty.Ifthevalueofthemortgagedpropertyexceedsthatoftheclaimsecured,thesurplusmaybemortgagedagain,butnotinexcessofthesurplus.exceed:超出surplus:剩余，余額部分第三十六條：以依法取得的國(guó)有土地上的房屋抵押的，該房屋占用范圍內(nèi)的國(guó)有土地使用權(quán)同時(shí)抵押。以出讓方式取得的國(guó)有土地使用權(quán)抵押的，應(yīng)當(dāng)將抵押時(shí)該國(guó)有土地上的房屋同時(shí)抵押。鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)、村企業(yè)的土地使用權(quán)不得單獨(dú)抵押。以鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)、村企業(yè)的廠房等建筑物抵押的，其占用范圍內(nèi)的土地使用權(quán)同時(shí)抵押。Article36WherehousesonState-ownedlandacquiredinaccordancewithlawaremortgaged，theland-userighttotheState-ownedlandoccupiedbythehousesshallbemortgagedatthesametime.Wheretheland-userighttoState-ownedlandacquiredbymeansofgrantingismortgaged,thehousesontheState-ownedlandshallbemortgagedatthesametime.Theland-userighttothelandusedbyatownship(town)orvillageenterprisemaynotbemortgagedseparately.Wherefactoriesandotherbuildingsoftownship(town)orvillageenterprisesaremortgaged,theland-userighttothelandoccupiedbysuchbuildingsshallbemortgagedatthesametime.occupied:占有，占用granting:出讓township:鎮(zhèn)區(qū)，小鎮(zhèn)separately:單獨(dú)地，分別地第三十七條:下列第三十七條:下列財(cái)產(chǎn)不得抵押（一）土地所有權(quán)（二）耕地、宅基地、自留地、自留山等集體所有的土地使用權(quán)，但本法第三十四條第五項(xiàng)、第三十六條第三款規(guī)定的除外；（三）學(xué)校、幼兒園、醫(yī)院等以公益為目的的事業(yè)單位、社會(huì)團(tuán)體的教育設(shè)施、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生設(shè)施和其他社會(huì)公益設(shè)施；（四）所有權(quán)、使用權(quán)不明或者有爭(zhēng)議的財(cái)（五）依法被查封、扣押、監(jiān)管（六）依法不得抵押的其他財(cái)Article37Thefollowingpropertymaynotbemortgaged:(1)ownershipoftheland;(2)theland-userighttothelandownedbythecollectivessuchascultivatedland,housesites,privateplotsandprivatehills,withtheexceptionofthoseprovidedinsub-paragraph(5)ofArticle34andsub-paragraph(3)ofArticle36ofthisLaw;(3)educationalfacilities,medicalandhealthfacilitiesofschools,kindergartens,hospitalsandotherinstitutionsorpublicorganizationsestablishedintheinterestofthepublicandotherfacilitiesintheserviceofpublicwelfare;(4)propertyinrelationtowhichtheownershiportherightofuseisunknownordisputed;(5)propertysealedup,distrainedorplacedundersurveillanceinaccordancewithlaw;or(6)otherpropertywhichmaynotbemortgagedasprescribedbycollective:集體privateplots:自留地subparagraph:sealedup:查封distrain:為抵債而扣押surveillance:監(jiān)管，監(jiān)視prescribed:規(guī)定的 第三十八條：抵押人和抵押第三十八條：抵押人和抵押權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)以書面形式訂立抵Article38Amortgagorandamortgageeshallconcludeamortgagecontractinwriting.第三十九條：抵押合同應(yīng)當(dāng)包括以下內(nèi)（一）被擔(dān)保的主債權(quán)種類、數(shù)（二）債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)的期（三）抵押物的名稱、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、狀況、所在地、所有權(quán)權(quán)屬或者使用權(quán)權(quán)（四）抵押擔(dān)保的范（五）當(dāng)事人認(rèn)為需要約定的其抵押合同不完全具備前款規(guī)定內(nèi)容的，可以Article39Amortgagecontractshallincludethefollowingparticulars:(1)thekindandamountoftheprincipalclaimsecured;(2)theterminwhichthedebtorperformshisobligation;(3)thename,quantity,quality,condition，location,ownershiporownershipoftherighttotheuseofthemortgagedproperty;(4)thescopeoftheguarantyofmortgage;and(5)othermattersthepartiesdeemnecessarytoincludeinthecontract.Ifamortgagecontractdoesnotincludealltheparticularsspecifiedintheprecedingparagraph,theomissionsmaybeaddedbyamendment.theprincipalclaim:主債權(quán)mortgagedproperty:抵押物deem:視作，認(rèn)為omission:省略部分amendment:修正，補(bǔ)正第四十條：訂立抵押合同時(shí)，抵押權(quán)人和抵押人在合同中不得約定在債務(wù)履行期屆滿抵押權(quán)人未受清償時(shí)，抵押物的所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移為債權(quán)人所有。Article40Inconcludinga第四十條：訂立抵押合同時(shí)，抵押權(quán)人和抵押人在合同中不得約定在債務(wù)履行期屆滿抵押權(quán)人未受清償時(shí)，抵押物的所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移為債權(quán)人所有。Article40Inconcludingamortgagecontract,themortgagorandmortgageemaynotstipulatethattheownershipofthemortgagedpropertyshallbetransferredtothecreditorincasethemortgagee'sclaimisnotsatisfiedaftermaturityofthedebt.第四十一條：當(dāng)事人以本法第四十二條規(guī)定的財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押的，應(yīng)當(dāng)辦理抵押物登記，抵押合同自登記之日起生效。Article41WhereapartymortgagespropertyprovidedforinArticle42ofthisLaw,heshallregisterthemortgagedproperty,andthemortgagecontractshallbecomeeffectiveasofthedateofregistration.stipulate:規(guī)定，約定transfer:轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)讓maturity:期滿register:登記，注冊(cè)effective:有效的asof:第四十二條：辦理抵押物登記的第四十二條：辦理抵押物登記的部門如（一）以無(wú)地上定著物的土地使用權(quán)抵押的，為核發(fā)土地使用權(quán)證書的土地管理門（二）以城市房地產(chǎn)或者鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）、村企業(yè)的廠房等建筑物抵押的，為縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府規(guī)定的部門；（三）以林木抵押的，為縣級(jí)以上林木主管（四）以航空器、船舶、車輛抵押的，為運(yùn)輸工具的登（五）以企業(yè)的設(shè)備和其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)抵押的，為財(cái)產(chǎn)所在地的工商行政管理部Article42Thedepartmentsresponsiblefortheregistrationofmortgagedpropertyareasfollows:(1)thelandadministrationdepartmentswhichverifyandissuecertificatesevidencingtheland-userightiftheland-userighttothelandtowhichnothingisfirmlyattachedismortgaged;(2)thedepartmentsdesignatedbylocalpeople'sgovernmentsatorabovecountylevel,ifurbanrealestatesorfactoriesandotherbuildingstownship(town)orvillageenterprisesaremortgaged;(3)theforestryadministrationdepartmentsatorabovethecountylevel,ifforesttreesaremortgaged;(4)theregistrationdepartmentsformeansoftransport,ifaircraft,shipsandvehiclesaremortgaged;or(5)theadministrativedepartmentsofindustryandcommerceintheplacewheretheproperty located,iftheequipmentandothermovablesofenterprisesaremortgaged.verify:核實(shí)，查證certificate:證書countylevel:縣級(jí)estates:房地產(chǎn)forestry:林業(yè)，林木theadministrativedepartmentsofindustrycommerce工商行政管理部門第四十三條：當(dāng)事人以其他財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押的，可以自愿辦理抵押物登記，抵押合同自簽訂之日起生效。當(dāng)事人未辦理抵押物登記的，不得對(duì)抗第三人。當(dāng)事人辦理抵押物登記的，登記部門為抵押人所在地的公證部門。Article43Whereapartymortgagesother第四十三條：當(dāng)事人以其他財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押的，可以自愿辦理抵押物登記，抵押合同自簽訂之日起生效。當(dāng)事人未辦理抵押物登記的，不得對(duì)抗第三人。當(dāng)事人辦理抵押物登記的，登記部門為抵押人所在地的公證部門。Article43Whereapartymortgagesotherproperty,hemay,ofhisownwill,registerthemortgagedproperty,andthemortgagecontractshallbecomeeffectiveasofthedateofexecution.Ifapartydoesnotregistermortgagedproperty,hemaynotdefendagainsttheclaimsofthirdparty.Ifapartyintendstoregisterthemortgagedproperty,thenotarydepartmentintheplacewherethemortgagorresidesshallbetheregistrationdepartment.ofhisownwill:自愿execution:完成（簽訂defend:辯護(hù)，對(duì)抗notary:公證reside:第四十四條：辦理抵押物登記，應(yīng)當(dāng)向登記部門提供下列文件或者其復(fù)?。ㄒ唬┲骱贤偷盅海ǘ┑盅何锏乃袡?quán)或者使用Article44Toregisterthemortgagedproperty,apartyshallsubmittoregistrationdepartmentthefollowingdocumentsortheirduplicates:(1)theprincipalcontractandthemortgagecontract;and(2)thecertificatesevidencingtheownershipofortheuserighttothemortgagedproperty.submitto:提交，提供duplicate:復(fù)印件evidence:證明第四十五條：登記部門登記的資第四十五條：登記部門登記的資料，應(yīng)當(dāng)允許查閱、抄錄或者復(fù)Article45Consulting,transcribingorduplicatingthematerialsregisteredwiththeregistrationdepartmentsshallbepermitted.transcribing:抄錄，轉(zhuǎn)錄duplicating:復(fù)印，復(fù)制permit:允許第四十六條：抵押擔(dān)保的范圍包括主債權(quán)及利息、違約金、損害賠償金和實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的費(fèi)用。抵押合同另有約定的，按照約定。Article46Thescopeofguarantyofmortgageincludestheprincipaldebtandtheinterestthereof,defaultfine,compensationfordamageandexpensesforenforcingthemortgage,unlessotherwiseprovidedinthemortgagecontract.theinterestthereof:債務(wù)產(chǎn)生的利息defaultfine:違約金compensation:賠償金第四十七條：債務(wù)履行期屆滿，債務(wù)人不履行債務(wù)致使抵押物被人民法院依法扣押的，自扣押之日起抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)收取由抵押物分離的天然孳息以及抵押人就抵押物可以收取的法定孳息。抵押權(quán)人未將扣押抵押物的事實(shí)通知應(yīng)當(dāng)清償法定孳息的義務(wù)人的，抵押權(quán)的效力不及于該孳息。前款孳息應(yīng)當(dāng)先充抵收取孳息的費(fèi)用。Article47Ifthemortgagedproperty第四十七條：債務(wù)履行期屆滿，債務(wù)人不履行債務(wù)致使抵押物被人民法院依法扣押的，自扣押之日起抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)收取由抵押物分離的天然孳息以及抵押人就抵押物可以收取的法定孳息。抵押權(quán)人未將扣押抵押物的事實(shí)通知應(yīng)當(dāng)清償法定孳息的義務(wù)人的，抵押權(quán)的效力不及于該孳息。前款孳息應(yīng)當(dāng)先充抵收取孳息的費(fèi)用。Article47IfthemortgagedpropertyisseizedbyaPeople'sCourtbecauseofthedebtor'sfailuretoperformhisobligationpriortothematurityofthedebt,themortgageeshall,fromthedateofseizure,beentitledtocollectnaturalfruitsseveredfromthemortgagedpropertyandthelegalfruitswhichthemortgagormaycollectfromthemortgagedproperty.Ifmortgageefailstonotifythepersonwhohastheobligationtopaylegalfruitsofthefactthatthemortgagedpropertyisseized,themortgagee'srightshallnotextendtosuchfruits.Thefruitsprovidedforintheprecedingparagraphshallfirstbeusedtooffsettheexpensesforcollectingthefruits.seize:扣押seizure:沒收，收取naturalfruits:天然孳息sever:分離，分開legalfruits:offset:抵消，充抵第四十八條：抵押人將已出租的財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押的，應(yīng)當(dāng)書面告知承租人，原租賃合同繼續(xù)有效。leasedproperty:租賃財(cái)產(chǎn)lessee:承租人Article48Article48Ifamortgagormortgagesleasedproperty,heshallnotifylesseeofthefactinwriting,andtheoriginalcontractofleasecontinueseffect.第四十九條抵押物的，應(yīng)當(dāng)通知抵押權(quán)人并告知受讓人轉(zhuǎn)讓物已經(jīng)抵押的情況；抵押人未通知抵押的價(jià)款，應(yīng)當(dāng)向抵押權(quán)人提前清償所擔(dān)保的債權(quán)或者向與抵押權(quán)人約定的第三人提存。超過(guò)債權(quán)數(shù)額的部分，歸抵押人所有，不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。Article49Ifamortgagortransfersmortgaged第四十九條抵押物的，應(yīng)當(dāng)通知抵押權(quán)人并告知受讓人轉(zhuǎn)讓物已經(jīng)抵押的情況；抵押人未通知抵押的價(jià)款，應(yīng)當(dāng)向抵押權(quán)人提前清償所擔(dān)保的債權(quán)或者向與抵押權(quán)人約定的第三人提存。超過(guò)債權(quán)數(shù)額的部分，歸抵押人所有，不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。Article49Ifamortgagortransfersmortgagedpropertyalreadyregisteredduringtheperiodofmortgage,heshall