天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)＋漢語(yǔ)）YZ歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2006年天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)

＋漢語(yǔ)）YZ真題及詳解

2007年天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)

＋漢語(yǔ)）YZ真題及詳解

2008年天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)

＋漢語(yǔ)）YZ真題及詳解

2009年天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)

＋漢語(yǔ)）YZ真題及詳解

2010年天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)

＋漢語(yǔ)）YZ真題及詳解

2011年天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)

＋漢語(yǔ)）YZ真題及詳解

2012年天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)

＋漢語(yǔ)）YZ真題及詳解

2013年天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)

＋漢語(yǔ)）YZ真題及詳解

2014年天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)

＋漢語(yǔ)）YZ真題及詳解

2006年天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)＋漢語(yǔ)）YZ真題及詳解

I.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Writeyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

1．TheNewHistoricistsinAmericaandtheir_____inBritain,the“Cultural

Materialists”,haveproducedasubstantialbodyofworkonRenaissance

literatureandsociety.

A.counterparts

B.dichotomies

C.allegiances

D.antagonists

【答案】A

【解析】句意：美國(guó)新歷史主義者和英國(guó)文化唯物論者在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期

的文學(xué)和社會(huì)方面，著述頗豐。counterpart雙方相應(yīng)的、有相同功能的

人或物。dichotomy二分法，分裂。allegiance忠貞，效忠。antagonist敵

手，對(duì)手。

2．For_____,itwasapainfultime:Theyhadtoquitusingdrugsbecause

theycouldnotgetany.Itwasnoteasytomakethemseetheharmofdrug

abuse.

A.drugtraffickers

B.addicts

C.dependents

D.moneylaunderers

【答案】B

【解析】句意：對(duì)癮君子來(lái)說(shuō)，因得不到任何毒品，不得不停止吸毒是

很痛苦的：addict上癮的人。trafficker干非法勾當(dāng)者。dependent依賴別

人、尤指經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的人。moneylaunderer非法洗錢者。

3．PeoplewereconfusedwhenHowardDean,the_____oftheDonkeytried

tosellhisplanwhichsoundedsomuchRepublican.

A.pastor

B.publicservant

C.liaison

D.archbishop

【答案】B

【解析】句意：民主黨官員霍華德·迪恩宣揚(yáng)的計(jì)劃帶有濃厚的共和黨

色彩，人們因此感到困惑。Donkey在美國(guó)象征民主黨。publicservant公

務(wù)員。pastor牧師。liaison聯(lián)絡(luò)，私通。archbishop大主教，主教長(zhǎng)。

4．Whentheresortcouldnotgettheliftworkingagain,skipatrollers

rescuedthestrandedpassengersbytraversingthecableusingrescue

equipmentina_____onewitnesslikenedtosomethingoutofaJamesBond

movie.

A.scene

B.feat

C.hone

D.phantom

【答案】A

【解析】句意：滑雪巡邏隊(duì)借助營(yíng)救設(shè)施穿越纜繩，營(yíng)救陷入困境的乘

客。營(yíng)救場(chǎng)面可以和007電影中的場(chǎng)面相比。scene場(chǎng)面，情景。feat技

藝，功績(jī)。hone磨刀石，油石。phantom幻影，幽靈。JamesBond，007

系列電影中的主角。

5．Koizumichoseto_____Sino-Japaneserelationssoastocreatedomestic

conditionsforthediplomacyoverhaul.

A.aggregate

B.please

C.acerbate

D.alleviate

【答案】D

【解析】句意：日本首相小泉決定緩和中日關(guān)系，為外交改革創(chuàng)造國(guó)內(nèi)

環(huán)境。alleviate減輕，緩和。aggregate聚集，集合。please使喜歡，取

悅。exacerbate惡化，激怒，使加劇，使煩惱。

6．Thereisnoevidencethatproperlycookedpoultryoreggscanbe_____.

A.asourceofinfection

B.poisonoustolife

C.locatedasharmful

D.determinedcontagious

【答案】A

【解析】句意：沒(méi)有證據(jù)證明煮熟的家禽或禽蛋會(huì)是傳染源。asource

ofinfection傳染源。病毒才關(guān)乎有害或傳染，家禽或禽蛋只關(guān)乎傳染

源。因此，B、C、D三項(xiàng)放在這里句意不對(duì)。

7．Seven-eightyearsoldWilsonlosthislifewhenapproachingawhirlpool

formedbythefloodingofwaterandsewageinHavana,Cuba,afterthe

devastating_____ofHurricaneWilma.

A.passage

B.round

C.route

D.assault

【答案】D

【解析】句意：颶風(fēng)維爾瑪橫掃古巴哈瓦那后，78歲的老威爾遜在靠近

一個(gè)洪水和污水形成的漩渦時(shí)喪命。assault攻擊，襲擊。passage通道。

round巡回，輪唱。route路線。

8．Voicesofthemedia,especiallyofthemainstreammedia,have

representedthecommonperspectiveofsociety’selite,butfewanalyseshave

gonedeepintotheproblemandtherepeatedstressesonself-examinationturn

out_____.

A.tobestereotypes

B.tobeawail

C.tobenonsense

D.tobeclichés

【答案】A

【解析】句意：媒體尤其是主流媒體的聲音，代表的是社會(huì)精英階層的

普遍觀點(diǎn)。但很少有人深入分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題，對(duì)自我反省的反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)變成

了一種陳詞濫調(diào)。cliché陳腐的詞語(yǔ)或主意。stereotype形象、人物、思

想等模式化，無(wú)個(gè)性。wail悲嘆，哀號(hào)。nonsense胡說(shuō)，廢話。

9．Theyhavelongmaintainedthatanysolutiontothecurrentproblemsin

theMiddleEastshouldbebasedonthedemandsandaspirationoflocal

peopleanditisunreasonableto_____anyprogramunacceptabletoregional

countries.

A.advert

B.reverse

C.impose

D.veto

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他們長(zhǎng)期主張基于當(dāng)?shù)厝说囊蠛驮竿鉀Q中東當(dāng)前問(wèn)

題。企圖將該地區(qū)國(guó)家不能接受的行為強(qiáng)加給它們，是不理智的。

impose強(qiáng)迫（某人）接受，強(qiáng)加。advert注意，留意。reverse顛倒，倒

轉(zhuǎn)。veto否決，禁止。

10．Aspartoftheextensiverevampinginpreparationforthe2008summer

Olympics,atotalofsixWorldCulturalHeritagesiteswillgeta_____,to

restoretheirancientluster.

A.plasticsurgery

B.facelift

C.reshaping

D.facilitation

【答案】B

【解析】句意：作為為2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)而進(jìn)行大翻修的一部分，六處世界

文化遺址將進(jìn)行整修，以重新煥發(fā)古老魅力。facelift翻新，整修。

plasticsurgery整形手術(shù)，尤指通過(guò)組織移植的外科學(xué)對(duì)身體重塑或修

補(bǔ)。reshape改造，再成形。facilitation簡(jiǎn)易化，助長(zhǎng)。

11．The_____nationalismisnationalismwithoutbrakes:inthenameof

lovingthecountry,itsdemandsareunrestrained,devoidofanykindof

universalisticconsiderations.

A.invidious

B.sheer

C.trivial

D.impeding

【答案】A

【解析】句意：招人怨尤的民族主義沒(méi)有任何顧忌：它打著愛(ài)國(guó)旗號(hào)，

無(wú)限制地提出要求，不考慮任何普遍觀點(diǎn)。invidious易招怨恨的，引起

不滿的。sheer全然，純粹。trivial微不足道的。impeding妨礙的，阻止

的。

12．Languageanxietyis_____occurringwhenalearnerisexpectedto

performinthesecondorforeignlanguage.

A.comprehension

B.apprehension

C.tranquility

D.nonchalance

【答案】B

【解析】句意：語(yǔ)言焦慮是指學(xué)習(xí)者用第二語(yǔ)言表現(xiàn)自己時(shí)的憂慮。

apprehension擔(dān)心，憂慮。comprehension理解，包含。tranquility寧?kù)o。

nonchalance冷漠，不關(guān)心。

13．Hisinterestin_____activitiestookhimtoislandsintheBahamasand

toicymountainstreams.

A.physical

B.intellectual

C.dexterous

D.piscatorial

【答案】D

【解析】句意：對(duì)捕魚(yú)的著迷促使他前去巴哈馬群島和冰山河流。

piscatorial捕魚(yú)的，漁民的。physical身體的，物理的。intellectual智力

的。dexterous靈巧的，慣用右手的。

14．Liu’santicseventuallybrought_____to_____thatastonishedthe

wholenation.

A.arumor,allegiance

B.themurder,affirmation

C.afraudcase,light

D.thestage,wonderland

【答案】C

【解析】句意：劉的荒唐行徑最終使一項(xiàng)震驚全國(guó)的詐騙案被告破。

bringtolight揭示，揭露。

15．Aredtideof_____algaewasfoundforthefirsttimeinBohai,China’s

inlandsea,onJune11.Ithasprovedtobethemostserious_____yet

discoveredinthecountry.

A.devouring,contamination

B.toxic,occurrence

C.malicious,redtide

D.relinquish,catastrophe

【答案】B

【解析】句意：6月11日，中國(guó)內(nèi)海渤海第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)帶有有毒藻類的赤

潮。這是目前國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)的最嚴(yán)重的赤潮現(xiàn)象。toxic有毒的，中毒的。

occurrence發(fā)生，事件。devour吞沒(méi)，毀滅，狼吞虎咽。contamination污

染物。malicious惡毒的。relinquish放棄。catastrophe大災(zāi)難。

16．Russia’senvironmentalwatchdogsaidthe_____couldreachthefirst

Russian_____inthenexttwotothreedays,whiletheEmergenciesMinistry

saiditcouldstartaffectingthemajorcityofKhabarovskbyDecember10-12.

A.earthquake,village

B.flood,victims

C.mud-slide,frontiers

D.spill,settlements

【答案】D

【解析】句意：俄羅斯環(huán)境監(jiān)管部門稱，水流在未來(lái)兩三天內(nèi)能到達(dá)俄

羅斯境內(nèi)的居民點(diǎn)。俄羅斯緊急情況部則稱，在12月10至12日前，水流

將開(kāi)始影響俄羅斯主要城市哈巴羅夫斯克。spill溢出，濺出，水流。

settlement定居點(diǎn)。

17．Beijinghastriedto_____onunsafeconditionsnationwide,but

authoritiessaylocalofficialsleavemany_____minesopeninordertoraise

profit.

A.crackdown,questionable

B.harness,small

C.close,dangerous

D.issuepolicies,private

【答案】A

【解析】句意：中央在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)嚴(yán)厲取締不符合安全條件的煤礦，但

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)稱，地方官員為了盈利，留下了很多問(wèn)題煤礦。crackdownonsth.

嚴(yán)厲取締……。questionable有問(wèn)題的，靠不住的。

18．InChina,teaisdrunknotonlyasa_____tokeepcoldsandcoughs

awayinwinter,butalsoasa_____providing_____forthebodyindry,hot

weather.

A.medicine,tenderizer,lubrication

B.remedy,tonic,energy

C.antibiotic,brewer,lubrication

D.way,soother,energy

【答案】B

【解析】句意：茶不僅可以作為在冬天用來(lái)抵御感冒咳嗽的藥物，還可

以作為在燥熱天氣為身體提供能量的一種滋補(bǔ)品。remedy藥物，治

療。tonic滋補(bǔ)品。tenderizer使肉軟嫩之物質(zhì)。lubrication潤(rùn)滑油。

antibiotic抗生素。brewer泡制用具。

19．Anationalcampaignhasbeen_____recentlytoraisethemoral

standardsoftheyoungergeneration,butwehavefailedto_____to

improvingtheirparents’manners.

A.spotted,placenecessaryemphasis

B.launched,attachequalimportance

C.witnessed,valuethesignificance

D.discovered,lookintotheissue

【答案】B

【解析】句意：為提高下一代的道德水平，最近發(fā)起一項(xiàng)全國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)。但

我們未能同等重視父輩品德的提高。固定搭配launchacampaign，發(fā)起

運(yùn)動(dòng)。attachimportanceto重視。

20．Accordingtoindustryanalysts,thestipulationwhichrequiresthatall

landusedforconstructionmustbeauctionedwillboth_____illegalland

exchangeand_____thosedevelopersnotcutoutforthe_____realityofreal

estate.

A.deter,weedout,cut-throat

B.punish,warn,severe

C.wipeout,hinder,prominent

D.stunt,impede,exorbitant

【答案】A

【解析】句意：根據(jù)行業(yè)分析專家的分析，所有建筑用地都必須進(jìn)行拍

賣這一規(guī)定，將會(huì)防止非法土地交易，并將那些沒(méi)有相當(dāng)素質(zhì)的開(kāi)發(fā)商

從過(guò)熱的房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)中淘汰掉。deter（使）決定不做某事。weedout淘

汰，剔除。cut-throat危險(xiǎn)的，殘酷的。

II.Readcarefullythefollowingpassage(whichforyourconveniencehas

beendividedintothreesections)andthenanswerthequestions.(20points)

[A]Therearethreefactorsofawe-inspiringmagnitudefacingthosewhoseek

adventureamongthehighestpeaks.Theyarethismatterofverticalscale,the

climaticconditionsandtheclimbingdifficulties.Letuslookataltitudefirst.

TherarefiedairsurroundingtheupperpartofEverestobviouslymakes

movement,evenovereasyground,muchmoredifficult.Lackofoxygenalso

slowsdownandblursthemenialprocesses.Beyondacertainpointlifeitself

isnolongerpossible.Ontheotherhand,itisnowsufficientlyestablishedthat

theill-effectsofaltitudeontheclimbermayatleastberetardedbyacareful

regimenofwhatwecallacclimatization,agradualgettingusedtoincreasing

heightoveracertainperiodoftime.Individualperformancesonamountain

naturallyvary,butitmaybesaidthatthoseamonguswhoarebestadaptedto

climbhighmountains,providedtheyfollowthispolicyofgradualness,can

reachanaltitudeofatleast21000feetandremaintherewithoutserious

detriment—atanyratelongenoughtomakeasupremefinalefforttoreacha

higherpoint,provideditisnottoofarabove.

Troublebeginsabovethatheight,whichisonemainreasonwhythereally

highpeaks-thoseof26000feetandover-areinadifferentcategoryof

difficultyfromanylesserones.Thepolicyofgradualnessbreaksdown,for

themuscletissuesbegintodeterioratefairlyrapidlyandtheclimber’s

resistancetocold,hisfortitudeinthefaceofwindandweather,are

weakened.Hetendstolosethepromptingsofappetiteandthirstandheis

deniedtherelaxationofnormalsleep.Infact,fromabout21000feeton-

wards,hereallyneedsgreatlytospeeduptherateofhisprogressandemploy

‘rush’tactics.

Butthishecannotdo.Onthecontrary,heisincreasinglyhandicappedbythe

heightasheclimbsandhisprogressbecomespainfullyslow;themental

effort,likethephysical,isinfinitelygreater.Ifthisistrueofeasyground,itis

themoresowhendifficultiesarise,evenminoroneswhichwouldnotdetera

moderateperformeratalowerheight.Aslightchangeofgradientmaybea

strawwhichwillbreakthecamel’sback.ConsideringthatEverestisover29

000feetandthatsome8000feethavetobeclimbedabovethisestablished

levelofsuccessfulacclimatization,oneaspectofourproblembecomesclear.

Itwouldbeverydesirable,inordertominimizethefactorofphysical

deterioration,toclimbthose8000feetinaday,oratmosttwo;butthisis

clearlyquiteoutofthequestion.Forsoslowlydoestheclimbermovebyhis

ownunaidedefforts,thatfourorfivedayswouldberequiredtogetup,quite

apartfromthesubsequentdescent,andbyaboutthefourthdayatthelatest,

hewouldalreadybesoweakenedmentallyaswellasphysically,thathe

wouldbeunlikelytohavethestrengthorthedeterminationforthelastlap—

justwhenheneedsitmost.Thisiswhathadhappenedbeforeataboutthe

28000-footlevel.

[B]Buttheproblemismuchmorecomplexthanthis.Thesedaysabove21

000feetinvolvetheestablishmentofanumberofhighcamps,andthesein

turnrepresenttents,sleeping-bags,mattresses,food,cookingequipmentand

fuel,aswellasclimbinggear.Allthismustbecarriedup,andbecauseofthe

needtoprovideevenamodicumofcomfortand—moreimportant—

protectionagainstthecold,someofthisbaggageisinevitablyfairlyheavy.

Theloadswouldbefarbeyondthecapacityofthosedestinedtoclimbtothe

top,whoshouldbesparedasmuchaspossibleforthismission;theloads

mustbecarriedupbyothersinasupportingrole.Moreover,inordertokeep

thesizeandstocksofthesehighcampstoaminimum,thebaggageparties

mustbestaggeredintime;theloadsmustbeshiftedupwardsoveraperiodof

days.Thisperiodinturnislikelytobeprotractedbecausetheamountany

mancancarryathighaltitudeissosmall.

Andinthefinalstagesparticularly,thesavingoftimeisvital,notonly

becauseofphysicaldeteriorationbutalsobecauseofanotherfactor,themost

importantofall—weather.

[C]Onallbutthesmallestmountains,orthoseonwhichnoserious

difficultiesaremet,theweatherobviouslyplaysabigpartinmountaineering

plans.Itimposesaserioushandicapontheclimber’sabilitytonegotiate

difficultground;itslowshisprogressandexposeshimtocoldandwind.He

maylosehiswayandstrayontoevenmoredifficultterritory,andhemay

becomebenighted.Theperiodswhenweatherconditionsmaybefairenough

topermitaseriousattemptonthesummitofEverestarenotonlybriefand

fewinanyoneyear;theyappeartoberareasassessedoveranumberof

years.Throughoutthewinter,fromNovembertoMarch,afiercegaleblows

fairlyconstantlyfromthenorth-west.Itisstrong—windspeedsofatleast

seventytoeightyknotsareprobable—anditisdesperatelycold.Itscoursthe

northernflanksoftherangeanddepositssnowonthesouthernfaces;and

snowthusoverlaidontheexistinglayerisusuallyunstableanddangerous,

foritisapttopeeloffinavalanches.

Intheearlysummeracounteringelementcomesupfromthesoutheastinthe

formofthemonsoon.Thiswarm,dampwindfromtheBayofBengal

depositsheavysnowonthehigherflanksofthemountainbarrier;itis

particularlyintenseinthesoutheastpartoftheHimalaya,onwhichit

unleashesitsforceboonafterreachingtheheadoftheBay,anditisinthis

areathatEverestissituated.Monsoonconditionsnormallycontinueto

prevailinthisregionuntiltowardstheendofSeptember.Someclimbingmay

bedoneduringthisperiod,butthedifficultyofclimbingallhighpeaks,

particularlyinthesoutheastHimalaya,isgreatlyincreasedbythehandicaps

anddangersofthedeepnewsnow.ThechancetogetupEverestisprobably

limitedtothegap,orlull,betweenthedepartureoftheoneFuryandtheonset

oftheother;theselullsmayoccurinMayandearlyOctober,thatis,just

beforethemonsoonsetsin,andwhenitdiesaway.Thesetwofactors,the

altitudeandtheweather,tendseparatelyandtogethertodefeattheclimber.

Theheightweakens,slowshimdown;itforceshimtospenddaysandnights

inthecourseofhisassaultonthesummit;theweather,besidesaddingtothe

demandsonhisenergyandmoralfortitude,conspirestodenyhimthetimehe

needstocompletehismission.Whereasinlowermountainsandoneasy

groundtheweathermaybenomorethanahandicap,inthehighHimalayait

isdecisive,regardlessofterrain.

Thedeductiontobedrawnfromthesetwofactorswasclearenough.We

musteithersofortifyourselvesthatwecouldcontinue,withoutdetriment,to

liveandhaveourbeingabovethelimitofnaturalacclimatization,or,better

still,wemustsolvetheproblemofspeed.Itwasdesirable,infact,thatwe

shouldmeetboththeserequirementsandthusgivetothosechosentoattempt

thesummitandtotheirsupportssomemeasureofinsuranceagainstthe

vagariesoftheweather,forsafetyinmountainclimbingisasmuchamatter

ofswiftnessasofsurenessoffoot.Eitherorbothcouldbeachievedonlyby

theadministrationofoxygeninsufficientquantitiestomakeupforthe

deficiencyintheair,andforthedurationoftheupwardjourneyabovethe

limitofsuccessfulacclimatization.

Afterreadingeachofthefollowingquestions,choosetheonecorrectanswer,

andindicateitbywritingdowntheletterthatstandsforit.Inallquestions

onlyoneansweriscorrect.Thisisstressedinsomequestions,butremember

thattheruleappliestoallofthem.

FromSectionA

1．Mostreaderswillbesurprisedtoreadthat_____.

A.‘easyground’existsatallontheupperpartofEverest

B.lackofoxygen‘slowsdown’thinking

C.‘beyondacertainpointlifeitselfisnolongerpossible’

D.‘individualperformancesonthemountain...vary’

E.‘troublebegins’above21000feet

2．‘Retarded’means_____.

A.prevented

B.sloweddown

C.reduced

D.heldback

E.halted

3．Themainpurposeofthefirstparagraphisto_____.

A.rouseinterestinthereader

B.summarizethemainpointsofthefollowingparagraphs

C.askquestionsthatlaterparagraphswillanswer

D.stresstheonemostimportantdifficultyinclimbingEverest

E.praisetheachievementofthosewhoclimbedEverest

4．Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthattherarefiedair_____.

A.makesclimbingatthisheightverydifficult

B.handicapsclimbers,thoughtheycanbegraduallyaccustomedtoheights

upto21000feet

C.affectsclimbers’mindsaswellastheirbodies

D.hasverydifferenteffectsondifferentpeople

E.preventsseverephysicaleffortbymountaineers

5．Youmaynotknowtheword‘regimen’,butyoushouldbeabletodeduce

thatitmeans_____.

A.programmeofexercises

B.approachtotheproblem

C.prescribedwayoflife

D.controloverone’shabits

E.planningofone’sdiet

6．‘Detriment’means_____.

A.decline

B.weakening

C.harm

D.hardship

E.degeneration

7．WhichONEofthefollowingremarksaboutcomparisonsisnottrue?

A.in5-7theeffectofrarefiedairiscomparedtovisionbecomingindistinct

B.in25theeffectofwantingfoodiscomparedtothearrangementfor

remindinganactorwhoforgetshiswords

C.in30theeffectofheightonaclimberiscomparedtothesystembywhich

aparticularracehorsecarriesmoreweight

D.in33certaintypesofdifficultiesarecomparedtocertainkeysinmusic

E.in35aslightextraproblemiscomparedtothelastsmalladditionwhich

makesacamel’sloadtooheavy

8．Themainideaofthethirdparagraphisthat_____.

A.thepeaksabove26000feetaremuchhardertoclimbthanpeaksalittle

lower

B.thereareseveralreasonswhytheveryhighpeaksaresodifficulttoclimb

C.thedifficultiesfromhighwindsandbitterweatherincrease

D.smallchangesofgradientmaycausemajorproblems

E.above21000feetslowacclimatizationdoesnotwork

9．Themainideaofthefourthparagraphisthataclimber_____.

A.hasnolimetoreachthepeakofEverestbeforedeteriorationsetsin

B.isphysicallyincapableofdealingwithunexpectedproblems

C.wisheshecouldclimbthelast8000feetofEverestveryquickly

D.needstosummonuphisresolutionforafinaleffort

E.oughttoclimbthelast8000feetinadayortwo

10．Themainreasonwhythelast8000feetcannotbeclimbedquicklyis

that_____.

A.theslopesbecomesteepertowardsthetop

B.aclimberneedstoleaveconsiderableenergyforthedescent

C.climberswhoattemptedEverestinthepastlackedresolution

D.therarefiedairslowsdownclimbersphysically

E.severalpreviousclimbershavesuccessfullyreachedapointabout28000

feetup

11．‘Established’means_____.

A.agreed

B.accepted

C.demonstrated

D.believed

E.proved

12．“Fortitude”means_____.

A.perseverance

B.endurance

C.luck

D.courage

E.survival

【答案與解析】

1．E根據(jù)第二段，個(gè)人登山時(shí)的適應(yīng)能力不同，但如果按照policyof

gradualness即逐步適應(yīng)的方式，都能在withoutseriousdetriment即不受嚴(yán)

重?fù)p害的情況下，到達(dá)至少21000英尺的高度。

2．Cretard延遲，阻礙。文中指acclimatization可以使海拔給登山者造成

的困難減小到最低程度。reduce減少，縮小。slowdown（使）慢下來(lái)。

holdback躊躇，阻止。halt暫停。

3．B第一段總體介紹登山可能遇到的三個(gè)困難：海拔、氣候、其他困

難。下文從這些方面展開(kāi)介紹。因此第一段起總括下文的作用。

4．B第二段從兩方面介紹稀薄空氣：一方面使行動(dòng)困難make

movement…moredifficult；另一方面，這種困難能通過(guò)逐漸適應(yīng)法得到

改善may…beretardedby…acclimatization。

5．Bregimen養(yǎng)生法，規(guī)則制度。文中解決空氣稀薄問(wèn)題的方法。

6．Adetriment損害，傷害。文中指身體受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷。decline衰退，

衰落，尤指逐漸惡化的過(guò)程。weakening弱化。harm傷害。hardship困

苦，艱難。degeneration衰退，墮落。

7．B以上句子使用的比較均不明顯，答題者需要深入體會(huì)句中某個(gè)詞

的內(nèi)在含義。比如句子（a）“Lackofoxygenalsoslowsdownandblurs

thementalprocesses….”，blur常指視線朦朧，模糊。因此可認(rèn)為，作者

將theeffectofrarefiedair比作visionbecomingindistinct。句（b）…

deniedtherelaxationofnormalsleep與arrangementforremindinganactor

whoforgetshiswords并無(wú)可比性。

8．E第二段介紹21000英尺以下環(huán)境適應(yīng)法的作用，第三段則對(duì)21000

英尺以上遇到的困難進(jìn)行分析，并指出環(huán)境適應(yīng)法將失去作用。

9．E根據(jù)第四段的介紹，攀登珠穆朗瑪峰到達(dá)21000英尺的海拔時(shí)，登

山者必須在一至兩天內(nèi)爬完剩下的高度，否則在精神和體力上都將面臨

巨大挑戰(zhàn)。

10．D第三段解釋說(shuō)，21000英尺是難度系數(shù)的界線，因?yàn)槌^(guò)此高

度，Thepolicyofgradualnessbreaksdown即，逐步適應(yīng)法將不再可行。

登山者的肌肉組織將受到損壞，御寒能力會(huì)下降，面對(duì)狂風(fēng)天氣時(shí)的堅(jiān)

韌也漸漸失去。

11．Eestablished已制定的，確定的。文中指環(huán)境適應(yīng)法已經(jīng)被證實(shí)可

行。proved被證實(shí)的。agreed已經(jīng)過(guò)協(xié)議的。accepted公認(rèn)的。

demonstrate示范的。believe相信的。

12．Bfortitude堅(jiān)韌，剛毅。文中指面對(duì)惡劣環(huán)境時(shí)的忍耐力。

endurance忍耐力，持久力。perseverance堅(jiān)定，對(duì)信仰等的堅(jiān)持。

FromSectionB

13．Themainideaofthissectionisthat_____.

A.thebaggagemustbecarriedupbyothers,nottheeventualclimbers

B.climbingEveresttakesalongtimebutmustbecompletedbeforethe

weatherworsens

C.thebaggageneededonthemountainisoftenheavy

D.theintensecoldcreatesseriousproblems

E.thephysicalfitnessofmountaineersonEverestsoondeteriorates

14．“Modicum”means_____.

A.bareminimum

B.smallquantity

C.meagreallowance

D.dropintheocean

E.ungeneroussupply

15．‘Protracted’means_____.

A.endless

B.tedious

C.lengthened

D.exaggerated

E.continuous

16．Itisimportanttosavetimeintheascentofthefinal8000feetforallthe

followingreasonswiththeONEEXCEPTIONthat_____.

A.theclimberswillweakeniftheystayover21000feetfortoolongaperiod

B.theweatherislikelytodeteriorate

C.baggageisdifficulttocarryatthisheight

D.oxygenhastobeusedbytheclimbers

E.theloadscannotbecarriedbytheeventualclimbers

【答案與解析】

13．A這一部分主要介紹登山隊(duì)員在攜帶行李方面的注意事項(xiàng)。

14．Bamodicumofcomfort指登山過(guò)程中的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)舒適。modicum少

量，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。

15．Cprotract時(shí)間上延長(zhǎng)或拖延。文中指每個(gè)人背負(fù)行李的時(shí)間可能

會(huì)被延長(zhǎng)。lengthen延長(zhǎng)，（使）變長(zhǎng)。tedious單調(diào)乏味的。

Exaggerated夸大的。continuous連續(xù)的。

16．D文中主要提到兩方面原因：體力的消耗和天氣的惡化。A、B、

C、E四項(xiàng)本文都有涉及。

FromSectionC

17．Themainideaofthefirstparagraphinthissectionisthat_____.

A.badweathermakesitharderforthemountaineertocontinuedifficult

climbs

B.thesnowonEverestisunusuallytreacherous

C.thedaysaresoshortthattheclimberisoftenovercomebydarkness

unawares

D.mountaineersneedamoreefficientmeteorologicalforecast

E.formostoftheyearbadweathermakesEverestimpossibletoclimb

18．TheactionofthewindonthenorthsideoftheHimalayaissuchthatit

_____.

A.clearsthemountainsides

B.attacksthem

C.freezesthem

D.erodesthem

E.weepsthem

19．‘Countering’means_____.

A.balancing

B.conflicting

C.opposing

D.recoiling

E.resisting

20．“Regardlessofterrain”means_____.

A.beingmoreimportantthanthedifficultiesoftheslope,etc.

B.ignoringtheinhospitabilityofthemountainside

C.becauseofsteepergradients

D.evenoneasyground

E.despitethenatureoftheground

【答案與解析】

17．E這段首先介紹天氣在登山活動(dòng)中扮演的角色，然后指出，適宜登

珠峰的時(shí)間很短，arerareasassessedoveranumberofyears.

18．A文章介紹，每年11月至3月，猛烈的西北風(fēng)都會(huì)scoursthe

northernflanks，刮過(guò)山脈北部，到達(dá)山脈南面，并降雪。scour擦，沖

刷，急速穿行。

19．Ccountering對(duì)立的，相反的。文中指夏季刮東南風(fēng)，和冬季的西

南風(fēng)向相反。opposing反向的，相反的。balancing平衡的。conflicting相

沖突的。recoiling畏縮的。resisting抵抗的，反抗的。

20．Dregardlessof不管，不顧。regardlessofterrain意為，在喜馬拉雅

山海拔較高的地段，即使地形平坦，天氣給登山者造成的困難也不易克

服。

III.Fillineachblankwithanappropriatewordtocompletethefollowing

passage.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Platostandsaloneandunsurpassedamongallwritersofphilosophic

dialogues,beforeand(1)him.ThePlatonicphilosophybothcompletes

andextendsSocraticphilosophy.Socrateshadonlysoughttheconceptual

knowledgebuthadnotattemptedtogainawholefromscientifically

combinedconcepts.ItwasPlatowhofirstexpandedtheSocraticphilosophy

intoa(2)HewasthefirstoftheGreekphilosopherswhonotmerely

knewandmadeuseofhispredecessors,butconsciouslycompletedtheir

principlesbymeansofeachother,bindingthemalltogetherintoonehigher

principle,thususingthe(3)achievementsofotherphilosophersforhis

ownsystem.Inperfectingethicsbynaturalphilosophyandnatural

philosophybyethics,Platohasaccomplishedoneofthegreatest(4)

creationseverknown.Thoughhissuccessors,representedbyAristotle,tried

tomakeessentialalterationsinthe(5)ofhismaster,thelatersystems

thatsoughttoreproducethesystemofPlatowereself-deceived.Platowas

abletogivetheprogressofphilosophyanimpulsesopowerfulandso

transcendingthe(6)ofhisownsystemthat,despiteallhisscientific

deficiencies,deservesthe(7)honorofforeverconferringphilosophic

glorificationonthoseinwhomthatprinciplelives.WhereasSocrates

confineshimselftoasearchforconcepts,thecognitionofwhichisforhim

moral(8),Aristotleextendsinductionanddemonstration,purelyinthe

interestsofscience,overalltheActual,thespecial(9)ofplatoisthat

moraleducation,intellectualteachingandtheformationofconceptsandtheir

developmentareinternallyheldtogetherand(10)bytheircommonaim.

【答案與解析】

1．a(chǎn)fter

（文章開(kāi)頭總括柏拉圖在哲學(xué)上的成就：前無(wú)古人，后無(wú)來(lái)者。）

2．whole

（柏拉圖將蘇格拉底的哲學(xué)拓展為一個(gè)完整體系。前文“…attemptedto

gainawhole”給出提示。）

3．previous

（文中指柏拉圖的體系吸收了其他哲學(xué)家已取得的以前的成就。）

4．philosophical

（philosophicalcreations哲學(xué)上的創(chuàng)造。）

5．system

（makealterationsinthesystem對(duì)體系進(jìn)行改變。）

6．principle

（文中指柏拉圖哲學(xué)體系對(duì)哲學(xué)發(fā)展的推動(dòng)力超越了體系本身的影

響。）

7．philosophy

（deservethephilosophyhonor這里指柏拉圖值得享受哲學(xué)榮譽(yù)。）

8．education

（蘇格拉底關(guān)于觀念的探討體現(xiàn)在他的道德教育思想即moraleducation

上。）

9．characteristics

（柏拉圖的特點(diǎn)在于道德教育、智力培養(yǎng)、觀念形成和三者的發(fā)展相結(jié)

合。）

10．combined

（combinebytheircommonaim由它們的共同目標(biāo)結(jié)合在一起。）

IV.Paraphrasetheunderlinedsentences.WriteyouranswerontheANSWER

SHEET.(10points)

1．Warornowar,asthegenerationspassed,itbecameincreasinglydifficult

forouryoungpeopletoacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatborenorelationship

tothebustlingbusinessmediuminwhichtheywereexpectedtobattlefor

success.Thewaractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownof

Victoriansocialstructure.

【答案】Theyoungergenerationswereexpectedtobesuccessfulinthe

bustlingbusinessworld.Thus,thebehaviorstandardwhichhasnothingtodo

withbusinessmediumbecamemoreandmoreunacceptabletothem.

2．Forthegreatmajorityofautomobileworkers,theonlymeaningofthejob

isinthepaycheck,notanythingconnectedwiththeworkortheproduct.

Workappearsassomethingunnatural,adisagreeable,meaninglessand

stultifyingconditionofgettingthepaycheck,devoidofdignityaswellasof

importance.

【答案】Oneshouldgotoworknotjustformoney,butalsoforthedignity

andimportancethatworkcanbringforth.However,thenatureofworkhas

beenchanged,nolongernaturalormeaningfultoman.

V.Brieflyexplainorprovideanexampleforeachofthefollowingterms.

WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

1．a(chǎn)lliteration

【答案】Alliterationmeanstherepetitionofthesameconsonantsoundsor

ofdifferentvowelsoundsatthebeginningofwordsorinstressedsyllables.

2．BabelTower

【答案】BabelTowerwasplannedtobeaheaven-reachingtower,butits

constructionwasinterruptedwhenthebuildersbecameunabletounderstand

oneanother’slanguage.

3．paradox

【答案】Paradoxisanassertionthatisessentiallyself-contradictory,though

basedonavaliddeductionfromacceptablepremises.

4．Prometheus

【答案】PrometheusisaTitanwhostolefirefromOlympusandgaveitto

humankind,forwhichZeuschainedhimtoarockandsentaneagletoeathis

liver,whichgrewbackdaily.

5．Watergate

【答案】Watergateisascandalinvolvingabuseofpowerbypublicofficials,

violationof