Unit 1 People of Achievement（A卷·夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)）-2021-2022學(xué)年高二英語同步單元AB卷（人教版）（教師用）

PAGE1Unit1PeopleofAchievementA卷·夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)考試時(shí)間：90分鐘滿分：120分題號(hào)一二三四五六七總分評(píng)分

一、單詞拼寫（15分）1.根據(jù)句意及首字母寫出正確的單詞。TheChineseathletesstayedcalmandconfidentatthec______________moments.Thesescientistsareworkingagainsttimewithano_______________offightingthevirus.YuanLongpinge_______________hundredsoftimesbeforethehybridricecameout.Thetwogroupsholdd______________opinionsbutsharethesamegoal.Amancanbedestroyedbutcannotbed_______________.Theoldladyi_____________onwalkinghomealoneonthecoldnight.MrsCuriedevotedallherlifetothes________________research.ManyChinesesoldiersc_____________themselvestothefreedomofthepeoplebeforethefoundationofthenation.Afterthediscussionwecandrawthec_____________anewequipmentisnecessaryforthecommunity.Hisideaisa______________impracticalafterbeingputintouse.二、閱讀理解（30分）2.FamousAmericanpoetRobertFrostoncesaid,"Poetryiswhatgetslostintranslation"ButXuYuanchong,awell-knownChinesetranslator,hastriedtoconveythebeautyofancientChinesepoetrythroughouthislife.HisteacherQianZhongshucommentedonhispoetrytranslation,"Youaredancingwhilechainedbyrhyme(押韻)andrhythm,butthedanceshowsamazingfreedomandbeauty,whichisquiteimpressive."Since1978,Xuhaspublishedmorethan100translatedworksinChinese,EnglishandFrench,reachingmillionsofreadersathomeandabroad.Mostnotably,hetranslatedChinesepoemsintorhymedversesinbothEnglishandFrench.HeisalsothefirstAsianwinneroftheAuroraBorealisPrizeforOutstandingTranslationofFictionLiterature.Xuisknowntobeveryfastidious(一絲不茍的)inhiswork.Forhim,Englishisa"scientific"languagethatneedsexactnesswhileChineseisan"artistic"languagethatincludesawiderrangeofcontent.Followingthisprinciple,Xunotonlykeepsfaithfulnessinsensebutbeautyinsensibilityinhistranslation.ThroughXu'stranslations,time-honoredChinesewisdomhasmadeanimpactonWesternsocietiesandtheworld.Forexample,whenformerUSpresidentBarackObamatriedtobeginahealthcareprojectduringhispresidency,somesenatorsdisagreedatfirst.ButafterreadingthepoemtitledFishinginSnowtranslatedbyXu,onesenatorwassoimpressedwiththefisherman'sindependentthinkingthathechosetopartwiththepartylinetosupportObama.Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,the100-year-oldmaintainsaroutine(常規(guī)).Everydayhetranslatesabout1,000words,workingtill3to4am,sleepingabout3hoursandgettingupat6amtocontinue."Translationisameansofcommunicatingwiththewriter'ssoul.Asuddenflickerofagoodwordoragoodlinethrillseveryporeandeveryinchofmyskin,"XutoldNewsChina.（1）WhatdoesthetexttellusaboutXuYuanchong?A.HehasmasteredatleastthreeforeignlanguagesB.HeisthefirstwinneroftheAuroraBorealisPrizeC.HeiswidelyknownforhistranslatedrhymedversesD.Hehastranslatedabout100ChineseworksintoEnglish（2）TheexampleinParagraph4isto__________.A.illustrateXu'stranslationskillsB.recommendXu'stranslationworksC.stressthecharmofChinesepoetryD.provethewisdomoftheancientChinese（3）WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeXu?A.ThoughtfulandmodestB.GenerousandproductiveC.Creativeandopen-mindedD.Devotedandhard-working3.Thethird-generationhybridrice(雜交水稻)whichwasdevelopedbyYuanLongping,the"fatherofhybridrice",andhisteamranitsfirstpublicyield(產(chǎn)量)monitoringfromMondaytoTuesdayandachievedhighoutput.Thefinalyieldofthetestedvariety,G3-1S/P19,cameto1046.3kgpermu(about667squaremeters),basedontwopiecesoflandinQingzhuVillageunderthecityofHengyangincentralChina'sHunanProvince."Someprevioushigh-yieldinghybridricevarietiesinChinatook160toeven180daysfromsowing(播種)toharvesting,whilethefigurewasshortenedtoaround125daysforthenewvariety.Thisisoneofthemostimportantfeatures(特征)ofthethird-generationhybridricethatcanreducetheuseofpesticides(殺蟲劑)andfertilizers(化肥),thusreducingcostandimprovingproductionefficiency."saidQianQian,thedeputydirectoroftheChinaNationalRiceResearchInstitute.Unliketheprevioustwogenerationsthatrequiredalargeamountofwaterandfertilizersaswellasdemandinggrowingconditionsandtechnologicalsupport,thethird-generationhybridriceiseasiertobecultivated(種植)byordinaryfarmers.Sothesoil,altitudeandclimateofthetestsitewerenot"idealconditions"carefullyselectedbeforehandbutwereclosetothepaddies(稻田)ofordinaryfarmers.Nowadays.China'saverageyieldofriceisabout500kgpermu.Ordinaryfarmerscanproduce600kgto700kgofricepermubygrowingsomeexcellentsecond-generationhybridricevarieties.However,underthesameplantingconditionsandenvironment,theyieldofthethird-generationhybridricecouldreach800kgpermu.Chinanowfeedsaround20percentoftheworld'spopulationwithlessthan9percentoftheworld'sarable(可耕種的)land.Atpresent,Yuan'steamhasninethird-generationhybridricecombinationsundertrial,whichareexpectedtoachievecommercialseedproductioninthefollowingthreetofouryearsandhopetoapplythetechnologyintotheresearchofsearice.Thethird-generationhybridricehasthecomprehensivestrengthtopromoteagreenerandmoresustainabledevelopmentofChina'sriceproductionwithhigherqualityandyield.（1）WhatfeatureofthenewhybridricedoesQianQianmainlytalkabout?A.Itsavesalotmorewater.B.Itachievesahigheryield.C.Itsavesmuchmorefarmland.D.Ithasashortergrowingperiod.（2）Whyisthenewhybridricenottestedinidealareas?A.Theordinaryfarmersmasterplantingtechnology.B.Theresearcherswanttoreducetheexperimentcost.C.Thegrowingconditionsthenewhybridriceneedsaresimple.D.Thepreviousricefarmingprovidesresearcherswithexperience.（3）Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thehighoutputofthethird-generationhybridrice.B.Thefutureofthenewhybridricevariety.C.Theadvancedtechnologyoftheresearchonhybridrice.D.Thedifferencesbetweenthethreehybridricevarieties.（4）Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Aguidebook.B.Anewsreport.C.Anadvertisement.D.Afashionmagazine.4.

NelsonMandelaisrespectedandadmiredaroundtheworld.AndtoSouthAfricansheisasuperstar.Heisaherowhoshockedtheworldbyfightingforpeacebetweenraces,despitethe27yearshespentintheprisonoftheSouthAfrica'swhite,racistregime(種族主義政權(quán)).

Mandelawhowonthenation'sfirstall-raceelectionsafterthefallofapartheid(種族隔離)in1994,retiredin1999.Butheremainsaspopularasever.Hispopularityhasinspiredanentirenationalindustry.Hisportrait(肖像)hasappearedatmanyplaces,includingonsomegoods.HisfacehasappearedonaSouthAfricancoin,andsomebusinessleadershopetobuildastatueinhislikeness—theStatueofFreedom.ItwouldstandtallerthanNewYork'sStatueofLiberty.

“HispopularityissimilartothatofJohnF.KennedywithUSorWinstonChurchillinBritain,butfewpoliticiansinhistimeshaveachievedhislevelofadmiration,”saidTomLodge,headofthepoliticalsciencedepartmentoftheUniversityoftheWitwatersrand,“WhataskilledperformerMandelahasbeenthroughouthispoliticalcareer!He'savery,verycleverman.”

However,heisfarfromperfect.Mostarticlesforhisbirthday,whichappearedineverymajorSouthAfricannewspaperontheday,brieflymentionedthatMandeladidhavehisshortcomings.

Thentheyreturnedtotheirflowingpraises.“Throughtheages,thehumanracehashaditsicons(偶像)—menandwomenwhoroseaboveordinarypeopletoinspiretheirgenerations,”TheMailandGuardianWeeklysaid.“Inourgeneration,thegodspresentedusNelsonMandela.”（1）MandelaisaherotoSouthAfricansbecause______.A.he'saspopularasKennedyandChurchillB.hespent27yearsinprisonC.he'sagreatfighteragainsttheracialismD.he'sthefirstall-raceelectionspresident（2）WhatcanwelearnaboutMandela?A.Heisnotsopopularasbefore.B.Hisportraithasappearedonsomegoods.C.Heisthegreatestpoliticianinhistory.D.Hedidnotrealizehisownshortcomings.（3）Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.A.MandelawasasgreatasagodB.weareproudtoliveinMandela'stimesC.MandelaoftengavepresentstoothersD.weareproudtoknowMandela（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleofthearticle?A.TheStatueofFreedominSouthAfricaB.SouthAfrica'swhite,racistregimeC.Mandela,theherotoSouthAfricansD.Mandela,KennedyandChurchill5.La-PierrehadflownfromBostontoChicago,sleepinginO'HareAirporttosavemoney.EarlyonthemorningofOctober13,heboardedthecity'sBlueLinetoheadfortheChicagoMarathon.Thetrainwasfullofenergizedmarathoners.La-Pierretookaseatnexttoafellowrunnerandbeganchatting.Beforelong,La-Pierrenoticedamanwhoseemedtobehomelessmovingfrompassengertopassenger,askingforsparechange.HisbehaviorstruckLa-Pierreas"reallyweird",especiallythewayhestareddownanyonehefelthadn'tgivenhimenough.AttheCumberlandstation,severalstopsbeforetheoneforthemarathon,mostofthepassengerssuddenlyfledthecar.La-Pierreshocked,rushedouttoseewhatwasgoingon,onlytohearpanickedpeopleshoutingthatthemanaskingformoneywas,infact,anarmedandrobbingguy.Justthen,thearmedmanhimselfexitedthetraincarandhoppedontothenextone.La-Pierrefollowedhim."Icouldnotwalkawayknowingtherewereinnocentchildrenandpeoplejusttryingtogettoarace."hesaid.ThemanwasstandinginthemiddleofthecarwhenheturnedandsawLa-Pierre.La-Pierrecrashedintotheyoungerman,pinninghimagainstthecloseddoors.Thetwomenfoughtforthegunandtheirlives."Youdon'tmove!"La-Pierreshouted,leaningintothearmedmanwithhisleftside.Themantriedshovingpasthim,butLa-Pierremuscledhimbackagainstthedoor,grabbingthegunandhandingittoapassenger,whoquicklywalkeditoffthetrain.ButLa-Pierrewasn'tintheclear.Themanhadaccomplices(同伙)whonowsurroundedLa-Pierreandbegantothreatenhim.Heknewhehadonlyonechancetosavehimself,soLa-Pierregrowled(怒吼),"I'maboxer.I'llbreakyourheadinonepunch!"Thenthepoliceswarmed(聚集)aroundthetrain,andLa-Pierreletthemtakeover.Hehadamarathontorun.ThiswasnotthefirsttimeLa-Pierrehasjumpedintothefray(打斗).La-Pierreknewtherewasmoretowhyhe'sbecomeaserialgoodguythanthat."I'velivedahardlife",hesaid"ButIbelievechangestartswithinyourself.Forthelast25years,I'vetriedtomakemyselfintoagoodman."（1）WhatimpressedLa-Pierremostafterboardingthetrain?A.Thepassengers'generosity.B.Thebeggar'sstrangebehaviour.C.Themarathoners'enthusiasm.D.Thefellowrunner'sinformation.（2）WhydidLa-Pierrefollowthearmedman?A.Hewantedtoprotecttheinnocentpeople.B.Hemeanttofollowintheguy'sfootsteps.C.Hefelthehadgreaterpowerthantheman.D.Hedecidedtograbthegunfromtheman.（3）HowdidLa-Pierresavehimselffromthedanger?A.Hebeatoffthebadguysbyboxing.B.Thepolicemenarrivedthereintime.C.Somepassengerscametohisrescue.D.Hescaredthebadguysintogivingin.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.La-Pierremusthavebeenaverysuccessfulboxer.B.La-Pierremightbelivingawell-offandhappylife.C.La-PierremightwellmisstheChicagoMarathon.D.La-Pierremusthavedoneheroicdeedsmanytimes.三、任務(wù)型閱讀（10分）6.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Themostsuccessfulpeopleallhavecertainhabitsintheirdailyroutines.________Forminganewgoodhabitcanbeastruggle,butitiswellworththeeffort.Herearethefourstepsyoucanfollowtoformgoodhabits.

Setyourgoal.

Beforeyoucanbegintoworkonyournewhabit,itisworthwhiletoconsideryourgoal.________Makesurethatyourgoalisspecific,measurableandrealistictoincreaseyourchancesofsuccess.

________

Havinggoodhabitsthatareinlinewiththegoalscanimproveyourchancesofachievingyourgoals.Afteryouhavesetyourgoalandworkedoutallofthespecifics(細(xì)節(jié))ofachievingthatgoal,findahabitthatispartofachievingthatgoal.Considerwhatgoodhabitwouldhelpyouachievethatgoal.

Consideryourmotivation.

Onceyouhaveidentifiedyourgoalandthenewhabityouneedtoachievethisgoal,takesometimetoconsideryourmotivation.________Goodmotivationcanbethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailureintermsofforminganewhabit.Sotakeyourtimetoconsideryourmotivation.

Giveyourselftime.

Forminganewhabitcantakealongtime.Somepeoplecanformanewhabitinaslittleasafewweeks,whileotherpeoplewilltakeseveralmonths.Asyouworktoformyournewhabit,justkeepinmindthatitmaybeawhilebeforeitcomestrue.________A.Identifywaystoachievegoals.B.Findthehabityouwanttoform.C.Goodhabitsaresuretomakeyouasuccess.D.Thesehabitshelpcontributetotheirsuccess.E.Figureoutexactlywhatyouhopetoachieve.F.Trytobepatientwithyourselfasyouformyournewhabit.G.Yourmotivationisthereasonyouwanttoformthisnewhabit.四、完形填空（20分）7.Mr.Bardisthemanagerathisfamily'sshoecompany.Hereally1competenceinhisworkers.Healwaystellsthe2andhard-workingemployeesthatheis3ofthem.ButMr.Barddoesnotonlyshowhisappreciationthroughwords.Themostcompetentworkersarealsopaid4

.Mr.Bardthinkswhenan5

worksharderandproduceshigherqualityshoes,thecompanyearnsmoremoney.6

,theemployeeshouldalsoearnmore.Butmanyofthelesscompetentworkers7

.“Weareequal,”theyprotest（抗議）.“Wedothesamejob,soweshouldgetthe8pay!”Heisakindman,butheisalso9.Ifhekeepshiringthelesscompetentworkers,thewholecompanywill10,andperhapsallemployeeswilllosetheirjobs.Itwillalsobebadforhisfamilyandforthecompanyis11

.To12

thesituation,Mr.Bardcreateseveningworkshops（工作坊）tohelp13theemployeeswhoarenotworkingatcompany14.Theywatchthemostcompetentworkers,whoreceiveaspecialbonusfor15theirco-workers,andmakelotsofnotes.Theyinspecttheproductionline,asklotsofquestions,and16untiltheyareskilledand17.Productionatthecompany18andthecustomersarehappierwiththehigh19

shoes!Assalesincrease,Mr.Bardisabletopayhisworkersbetter.And20

thecompany'ssmartpaysystem,themostcompetentworkerscanbehighlyrewarded.1.A.appreciatesB.describesC.absorbsD.agrees2.A.excitedB.skilledC.bornD.considerate3.A.worriedB.confusedC.proudD.painful4.A.worseB.lessC.degreeD.more5.A.employerB.employeeC.degreeD.guarantee6.A.HoweverB.OnthecontraryC.InotherwordsD.Therefore7.A.disagreedB.dislikedC.disappearedD.discouraged8.A.highB.sameC.lowD.distant9.A.sillyB.likelyC.wiseD.simple10.A.selectB.shakeC.sufferD.scold11.A.driversB.teachersC.cooksD.customers12.A.improveB.putupC.postponeD.comeup13.A.forgetB.sellC.trainD.harm14.A.standardsB.limitsC.bordersD.patience15.A.pickingB.teachingC.toleratingD.weighing16.A.warnB.sneezeC.sobD.practice17.A.productiveB.affectedC.strictD.straight18.A.goesdownB.goesawayC.goesagainstD.goesup19.A.quantityB.abilityC.qualityD.equality20.A.regardlessofB.thankstoC.insteadofD.inspiteof五、語法填空（10分）8.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。YourheromightbeyourMom,Dadorbothofthem.________myheroisFlorenceKelley.In1871,________shewastwelveyearsold,Keley'sfathertookhertoaglassfactory,________(show)herthewondersofAmericasfactories,whereshesawsmallchildrenworkingwithpotsfullofacid(酸).Kelleywasangry.Shelaterlearned________.Therewereoveronemillionchildrenworkinginhot,crowdedandunsafefactories.Theworkwasvery________(danger).Everyyeartensofthousandsofkidsdiedorwere________(serious)hurt.In1889,Kelleyknewsomethinghadtobedone.Sheaskedpeoplenottobuygoodsthat________(make)bychildworkers.Shegavespeechesandwrotereports.Withinafewyearsshebecamefamous________theleaderagainstchildlabor(童工).In1893,Kelley________(fight)foranewlawinIllinois.Thatlawsaidthatnofactoriescouldhavechildworkers.FlorenceKelleyiscertainlyaherotome.Becauseofher,youandIdon'tneedtoworkin________(factory)andholdpotsfullofacid.六、改錯(cuò)題（10分）9.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有2處。每處錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（^），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：⒈每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；⒉只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkheroesshouldhave?Tome,heroesarebraveandhelpful.They'repeopleyourespectof.Myheroesarethevolunteerswhogototheearthquake-hitareaslastweek.Thedisastercausedgreatdamagestotheareas.Therefore,thevolunteers'effortsrelievedthevictims'suffering.Theyhelpedthevictimsbygivingthemselvesfood,waterandshelter.Theywerealsomanydoctorsandnurseswhovolunteeredhelpthewounded.Therescueworkturnedoutdangerously,butnooneshowedfearnorgaveuprescuetheunfortunatepeople.Ithinknothingisequaltowhichthebravepeopledidintheearthquake.七、書面表達(dá)（25分）10.你校英語俱樂部將舉辦主題為“MyHero”的討論活動(dòng)。請你用英語寫一篇發(fā)言稿,介紹你心中的英雄。要點(diǎn)包括：1）他/她的職業(yè)；2）他/她可稱為英雄的理由；3）你對英雄的理解。注意：1）詞數(shù)100左右；2）可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3）開頭已為你寫好。Goodafternoon,everyone.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyou!11.根據(jù)下列提示，寫一篇介紹我國著名的科學(xué)家袁隆平的文章。提示：①袁隆平，1937年9月7日出生在重慶的一個(gè)貧困農(nóng)民家庭。②1953年畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)學(xué)院（SouthWestAgriculturalCollege），畢業(yè)后被分配到湘西農(nóng)校（AgricultureSchool）任教。③1964年開始從事水稻研究。1981年榮獲我國第一個(gè)國家發(fā)明特等獎(jiǎng)，被國際上譽(yù)為“雜交水稻之父”（FatherofSuperHybridRice）。④生活簡樸，不計(jì)名利。⑤你對他的評(píng)價(jià)。注意：①要有標(biāo)題。②介紹須包括所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，但不要逐條譯成英語。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分一、單詞拼寫1.【答案】crucialobjectiveevaluateddistinctdefeatedinsistedscientificcommittedconclusionapparently二、閱讀理解2.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了著名翻譯家許淵沖先生在詩歌翻譯方面的成就和影響力?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇人物類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息。并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“Since1978,Xuhaspublishedmorethan100translatedworksinChinese,EnglishandFrench,reachingmillionsofreadersathomeandabroad.Mostnotably,hetranslatedChinesepoemsintorhymedversesinbothEnglishandFrench.HeisalsothefirstAsianwinneroftheAuroraBorealisPrizeforOutstandingTranslationofFictionLiterature.”自從1978年以來，他已經(jīng)用漢語、英語和法語出版了一百多部翻譯作品。讀者遍及國內(nèi)外。最值得注意的是，他把中文詩歌翻譯成英語和法語的押韻詩歌。他是第一個(gè)亞洲獲此翻譯大獎(jiǎng)的人?？芍S淵沖先生以翻譯押韻詩而聞名。故選C。(2)考查推理判斷。第四段主要舉的例子是美國前總統(tǒng)奧巴馬想推行一個(gè)醫(yī)療項(xiàng)目，一些議員起初反對，但是在讀了許淵沖翻譯的作品，他最后選擇支持奧巴馬?？芍径问菫榱苏f明他的翻譯技巧之高，很能打動(dòng)人。故選A。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Since1978,Xuhaspublishedmorethan100translatedworksinChinese,EnglishandFrench,reachingmillionsofreadersathomeandabroad.”自從1978年以來，他已經(jīng)用漢語、英語和法語出版了一百多部翻譯作品；以及最后一段中的“Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,the100-year-oldmaintainsaroutine(常規(guī))”在取得了如此偉大的成就之后，這位100歲的老人仍然很勤奮?？赏浦麑Ψg事業(yè)的奉獻(xiàn)和熱愛。故選D。3.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，講述了由“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)的第三代雜交水稻進(jìn)行了第一次公共產(chǎn)量監(jiān)測，并取得了高產(chǎn)。第三代雜交水稻具備以更高的品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量推動(dòng)我國水稻生產(chǎn)更綠色、更可持續(xù)發(fā)展的綜合實(shí)力?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了納爾遜·曼德拉的生平事跡，曼德拉是一個(gè)為種族間的和平而戰(zhàn)震驚世界的英雄，在全世界都受到尊敬和欽佩。在世界上留下了巨大的影響力。他滲透了幾代南非人的心靈。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Heisaherowhoshockedtheworldbyfightingforpeacebetweenraces”可知曼德拉被南非人民熱愛是因?yàn)樗簧荚跒闋幦『推?、反對種族歧視奮斗，故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hisportrait(肖像)hasappearedatmanyplaces,includingonsomegoods.”可知他的肖像已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在許多地方,包括一些商品上，故選B。（3）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Inourgeneration,thegodspresentedusNelsonMandela.”在我們這一代，上帝將NelsonMandela贈(zèng)給了我們)因?yàn)镹elsonMandela是人類的英雄與偶像，所以這句話的意思是“我們很自豪能生活在曼德拉時(shí)代”，故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“NelsonMandelaisrespectedandadmiredaroundtheworld.AndtoSouthAfricansheisasuperstar.Heisaherowhoshockedtheworldbyfightingforpeacebetweenraces”和最后一段，可知納爾遜·曼德拉在全世界都受到尊敬和欽佩，對南非人來說，他是一個(gè)英雄。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述La-Pierre在參加馬拉松的途中與搶劫者搏斗的英勇行為，及他致力做好人的情懷?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推理，從而選出正確答案。三、任務(wù)型閱讀6.【答案】D；E；B；G；F【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣的方法。（1）考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空前“Themostsuccessfulpeopleallhavecertainhabitsintheirdailyroutines.“最成功的人在日常生活中都有一定的習(xí)慣。中"certainhabits"和"Themostsuccessfulpeople"可對應(yīng)到選項(xiàng)D中的"Thesehabits"，故D.Thesehabitshelpcontributetotheirsuccess."這些習(xí)慣有助于促成他們的成功"符合語境。故選D。（2）考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)本段的主題句"Setyourgoal”設(shè)定目標(biāo)，與空前“Beforeyoucanbegintoworkonyournewhabit,itisworthwhiletoconsideryourgoal.”在你開始培養(yǎng)新習(xí)慣之前，有必要考慮一下你的目標(biāo)，中的"consideryourgoal"可知，此處講的應(yīng)是要弄清楚自己的目標(biāo)是什么，故E.Figureoutexactlywhatyouhopetoachieve."弄清楚你究竟希望完成什么"符合語境。故選E。（3）考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。通讀第三段可知，主要講與目標(biāo)一致的好習(xí)慣能提升你實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)的可能性。再結(jié)合該段中的"Afteryouhavesetyourgoalandworkedoutallofthespecifics(細(xì)節(jié))ofachievingthatgoal,findahabitthatispartofachievingthatgoal.“在你設(shè)定了目標(biāo)，并制定了實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的所有細(xì)節(jié)之后，養(yǎng)成一個(gè)習(xí)慣，這也是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的一部分?？芍?，B.Findthehabityouwanttoform."找到你想養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣"最能概括本段的主題。故選B。（4）考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)該段的主題句以及空前的"takesometimetoconsideryourmotivation”花點(diǎn)時(shí)間考慮你的動(dòng)機(jī)；以及空后的"Goodmotivationcanbethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailureintermsofforminganewhabit.“在形成新習(xí)慣方面，良好的動(dòng)機(jī)可能是成功和失敗的區(qū)別?？芍?，本段的中心內(nèi)容涉及"動(dòng)機(jī)"，故G.Yourmotivationisthereasonyouwanttoformthisnewhabit”你的動(dòng)機(jī)是你想要養(yǎng)成這個(gè)新習(xí)慣的原因）"符合語境。故選G。（5）考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)本段的主題句"Giveyourselftime“給自己一點(diǎn)時(shí)間；以及空前”Asyouworktoformyournewhabit,justkeepinmindthatitmaybeawhilebeforeitcomestrue.“當(dāng)你努力養(yǎng)成新習(xí)慣時(shí)，請記住，這可能需要一段時(shí)間才能實(shí)現(xiàn)?？芍?，良好的習(xí)慣不是一朝一夕就能養(yǎng)成的，它需要時(shí)間，因此在養(yǎng)成良好習(xí)慣的過程中要對自己有耐心，故選F?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。四、完形填空7.【答案】（1）A；（2）B；（3）C；（4）D；（5）B；（6）D；（7）A；（8）B；（9）C；（10）C；（11）D；（12）A；（13）C；（14）A；（15）B；（16）D；（17）A；（18）D；（19）C；（20）B；【解析】本文主人公巴德是一家制鞋公司的經(jīng)理，他很欣賞工人的能力。他總是認(rèn)為工人能力高應(yīng)有高報(bào)酬，但遭到許多能力差的工人的反對。因此制定了靈活的薪酬制度，不但提高了工人的技術(shù)增加了產(chǎn)量，也讓有能力的工人得到了高的待遇。(1)考查動(dòng)詞。句意：巴德先生很欣賞工人的能力，總是告訴那些技能和勤奮的員工，他為他們感到驕傲。他不僅用語言表達(dá)他的感激之情同，還付給最能干的工人更多的報(bào)酬。可知很欣賞（appreciate）工人的能力。故答案為A。(2)考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境：欣賞工人，付高薪水一定是付給有技術(shù)（skilled））的工人。excited激動(dòng)的；

skilled熟練的，有技能的；born天生的；considerate體貼的，考慮周到的。故選B。

(3)考查形容詞及固定搭配。句意可推斷出巴德先生以工人自豪（proud）。beproudof…以……自豪。故答案為C。(4)考查副詞。根據(jù)句意：先生不僅用語言表達(dá)他的感激之情而且還付給最能干的工人更多的（more）報(bào)酬?？芍xD。(5)考查動(dòng)詞。先生認(rèn)為，員工生產(chǎn)了高質(zhì)量的鞋，為公司賺了更多的錢。可知員工（employee）努力工作。Employer老板；degree程度；guarantee保障。故選B。(6)考查副詞。句意：員工們努力工作，生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的鞋，公司賺更多的錢。因此（therefore），員工也應(yīng)該賺更多的錢。however無論如何;

然而;

可是；onthecontrary（與此）相反，正相反；

inotherwords換句話說。故答案為D。(7)考查動(dòng)詞。句意：但許多不稱職的工人不同意（disagree）。dislike不喜歡；disappear消失；discourage泄氣。轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but表前后意思相反。故答案為A。(8)考查形容詞。句意：我們做同樣的工作，自然要得到同樣（same）的報(bào)酬。故答案為B。(9)考查形容詞。句意：他是個(gè)善良的人但又是個(gè)聰明的（wise）人。根據(jù)句意及下文內(nèi)容可知選C。(10)考查動(dòng)詞。句意：如果繼續(xù)雇用不稱職的工人，整個(gè)公司將蒙受損失（suffer），也許所有的雇員都將失去工作。select

挑選；shake動(dòng)搖;

搖頭握手；suffer遭受損失；scold責(zé)罵;

斥責(zé)。故答案為C。(11)考查動(dòng)詞。這對他的家庭和公司的客戶“customers”也是不利的。customer

商業(yè)客戶(customer的名詞復(fù)數(shù))，主顧。driver司機(jī)；cook廚師;

廚子。故答案為D。(12)考查動(dòng)詞。從空后句意可知是為了改善（improve）這種情形。putup張貼，搭建，留宿；postpone使延期，延緩；comeup發(fā)生;

上來，故答案為A。(13)考查動(dòng)詞。從13題后的內(nèi)容是讓他們觀察那些優(yōu)秀的工人如何工作?？芍菐椭?xùn)練（train）不符合公司要求的工人。limits限制；borders邊界；patience耐心。故答案為C。(14)考查名詞。從13和14兩題可知，不符合公司要求或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（standards）的工人。故答案為A。(15)考查動(dòng)詞。從上下文句意：他們（有能力的工人）因?yàn)榻蹋╰each）同事而獲得特別獎(jiǎng)金，并賺到更多的鈔票。pick挑選，挑揀;tolerate容忍；weigh稱…的重量;

權(quán)衡，考慮。故答案為B。(16)考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這些工人問很多問題，并進(jìn)行實(shí)踐（practice）。warn警告；sneeze打噴嚏；sob嗚咽；practice練習(xí)，實(shí)習(xí)。故答案為D。(17)考查形容詞。直到他們熟練和富有成效（productive）。productive富有成效的，多產(chǎn)的，生產(chǎn)性的，具有創(chuàng)造性的；affected感動(dòng)的;

受到影響的；strict嚴(yán)格的；straight直的;

連續(xù)的;

直率的。故答案為A。(18)考查動(dòng)詞短語。（由于上述的措施），公司的產(chǎn)量增加（goup）了。godown下降；goaway走開；goagainst反對。故答案為D。(19)考查名詞。顧客更喜歡高質(zhì)量的（quality）鞋子。quantity數(shù)量；ability能力；equality平等。故答案為C。(20)考查短語辨析。由于（thanksto）公司靈活的薪酬機(jī)制，才使的最能干的工人可以獲得高報(bào)酬。regardlessof

不管，不顧；insteadof而不是…；inspiteof盡管。故答案為B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本文是一篇記敘文，此類文章是一個(gè)意義相關(guān)聯(lián)的語篇，因此在行文中詞語的復(fù)現(xiàn)、代替和同現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象常見，解題時(shí)，注意聯(lián)系上下文尋找線索，如某詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。五、語法填空8.【答案】But；when；showing；that；dangerous；seriously；weremade；as；fought；factories【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，人人都有自己心中的英雄，在作者的心中，F(xiàn)lorenceKelley是真正的英雄。為了兒童的權(quán)益，F(xiàn)lorenceKelley奮斗終生，如果不是她，你我都可能淪為童工，在惡劣的環(huán)境下工作。（1）考查連詞。你的英雄可能是你的媽媽，爸爸，或者他們兩個(gè)。但是我的英雄是FlorenceKelley。上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填But。（2）考查定語從句。

shewastwelveyearsold是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是1871，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，故填when。（3）考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。Keley'sfather和show在邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，此處作伴隨狀語，故填showing。（4）考查賓語從句。句意：后來她了解到有超過一百萬的孩子在炎熱，擁擠和不安全的工廠里工作。此處是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，故填that。（5）考查形容詞。句意：工作是危險(xiǎn)的。此處形容詞作表語，故填dangerous。（6）考查副詞。句意：每年都有成千上萬的孩子死亡或受重傷。此處副詞修飾謂語動(dòng)詞，故填seriously。（7）考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：她要求人們不要購買童工制作的商品。that

bychildworkers.是限制性定語從句，先行詞是goods，結(jié)合句意可知謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)的應(yīng)用，故填weremade。（8）考查介詞。句意：幾年之內(nèi)，她作為反對童工運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)袖而出名。becomefamousas固定短語，“作為出名”，故填as。（9）考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在1893年，Kelley為伊利諾伊州的新法律而戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in1893，可知謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，故填fought。（10）考查名詞。句意：因?yàn)樗?，你和我不需要在工廠里工作，也不需要拿著裝滿酸的罐子。factory“工廠”，是可數(shù)名詞。用復(fù)數(shù)，故填、factories?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及連詞，定語從句，非謂語動(dòng)詞，賓語從句，形容詞，副詞，時(shí)態(tài)，介詞以及名詞等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇人物類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識(shí)，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。六、改錯(cuò)題9.【答案】①去掉of②go→went③damages→damage④Therefore→However⑤themselves→them⑥They→There⑦h(yuǎn)elp前加to⑧dangerously→dangerous⑨rescue→rescuing⑩which→what【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，文中作者敘述了自己心中的英雄應(yīng)該具備哪些品質(zhì)。①考查動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知