初中英語(yǔ)全程知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)

朽木易折，金石可鏤。千里之行，始于足下。第頁(yè)/共頁(yè)初中英語(yǔ)全程知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)初一年級(jí)（上）【知識(shí)梳理】I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.Sitdown2.onduty3.inEnglish4.haveaseat5.athome6.looklike7.lookat8.havealook9.comeon10.atwork11.atschool12.puton13.lookafter14.getup15.goshoppingII.重要句型1.helpsb.dosth.2.Whatabout…?3.Let’sdosth.4.It’stimetodosth.5.It’stimefor…6.What’s…?Itis…/It’s…7.Whereis…?It’s….8.Howoldareyou?I’m….9.Whatclassareyouin?I’min….10.Welcometo….11.What’s…plus…?It’s….12.Ithink…13.Who’sthis?Thisis….14.Whatcanyousee？Icansee….15.Thereis(are)….16.Whatcolourisit(arethey)?It’s(They’re)…17.Whose…isthis?It’s….18.Whattimeisit?It’s….III.交際用語(yǔ)1.Goodmorning,Miss/Mr….2.Hello!Hi!3.Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou,too.4.Howareyou?I’mfine,thankyou/thanks.Andyou?5.Seeyou.Seeyoulater.6.Thankyou!You’rewelcome.7.Goodbye!Bye!8.What’syourname?Mynameis….9.Hereyouare.Thisway,please.10.Who’sondutytoday?11.Let’sdo.12.Letmesee.IV.重要語(yǔ)法1.動(dòng)詞be的用法；2.人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4.冠詞的基本用法；5.Therebe句型的用法?！久麕熤v解】1.in/on在表示空間位置時(shí)，in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。例如：Thereisabirdinthetree.樹上有只鳥。Thereisapictureonthewall.墻上有張圖。2.this/that/these/those(1)this常常用來指在時(shí)光、地點(diǎn)上更臨近講話人的人和事，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來指在時(shí)光、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事，those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：YoulookinthisboxandI’lllookinthatoneoverthere.你看看這個(gè)盒子，我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。Iwantthiscar,notthatcar.我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。Takethesebookstohisroom,please.請(qǐng)把這些書拿到他房間去。Thisismine;that’syours.這個(gè)是我的，那個(gè)是你的。Theseareapples;thoseareoranges.這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。(2)在打電話的用語(yǔ)中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是對(duì)方。例如：ThisisMaryspeaking.Who’sthat?我是瑪麗。你是誰(shuí)？3.Therebe/haveTherebe"有"，其確切含意為"某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物。"其結(jié)構(gòu)是：Therebe+某人或某物+表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)光的狀語(yǔ)。Therebe后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ)，be動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致，be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如：(1)Thereisabigbottleofcokeonthetable.桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2)Thereisadollinthebox.那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。(3)Therearemanyapplesonthetree.那樹上有許多蘋果?？傊?，Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的"有"。have表示"擁有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb.have/hassth.)。主語(yǔ)普通是名詞或代詞，與主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系。例如：(4)Ihavetwobrothersandonesister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)姐姐。(5)Thathousehasfourrooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。4.look/see/watch(1)look表示“看、瞧”，著重指仔細(xì)看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，表示存心識(shí)地注重看，但不一定看到，以提醒對(duì)方注重。，如：Look!Thechildrenareplayingcomputergames.瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。Look!What’sthatoverthere?看！那邊那個(gè)是什么？單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才干帶賓語(yǔ)，如：He’slookingatme。他正在看著我。(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see是及物動(dòng)詞，后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如：Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?你能在圖上看到什么？Lookattheblackboard.Whatdidyouseeonit?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“看見，注視”，側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面，表示全神貫注地看見、看見或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：YesterdaywewatchedafootballmatchonTV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。4.puton//inputon意為“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作,后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in是介詞，表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。如：It’scoldoutside,putonyourcoat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。Heputsonhishatandgoesout.他戴上帽子，走了出去。ThewomaninawhiteblouseisJohn’smother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是John的媽媽。5.house/home/familyhouse：“房子”，指居住的建造物;Home:“家”，指一個(gè)人同家人共同常常居住的地方;Family:“家庭“，“家庭成員”。例如：Pleasecometomyhousethisafternoon.今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來。Heisnotathome.他不在家。Myfamilyallgetupearly.我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?.fine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容詞表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，而后者僅用作表語(yǔ)。主要區(qū)別在于：(1)fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的"精細(xì)"，形容人時(shí)表示的是"身體健康"，也可以用來指"天氣晴朗"。例如：Yourparentsareveryfine.你父母身體很健康。That'safinemachine.那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器。It'safinedayforawalktoday.今天是散步的好時(shí)候。(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有"美好"，"優(yōu)美"的意思，也可用于問候或嘲笑別人。例如：Lucylooksnice.露西看上去很優(yōu)美。Thesecoatsareverynice.那些裙子很好看。Nicetomeetyou.見到你很歡喜。It'sveryniceofyou.你真好。(3)good形容人時(shí)指"品行好"，形容物時(shí)指"質(zhì)量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語(yǔ)。例如：Hersonisagoodstudent.她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。Theredcarisverygood.那輛紅色小汽車很好。(4)well只可用來形容人的"身體好"，但不能作定語(yǔ)，它也能用作副詞作狀語(yǔ)，多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如：I'mverywell,thanks.我身體很好，謝謝。Myfriendssingwell.我的朋友們歌唱得好。【考點(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要擴(kuò)散在：1.動(dòng)詞be的用法；2.人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4.冠詞的基本用法；5.Therebe句型的用法。6.本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型；7.本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語(yǔ)?？荚囆问娇梢允菃雾?xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子?！局锌挤独?.(2004年北京市中考試題)Mary,pleaseshow________yourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。本題中動(dòng)詞show后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞的賓格me作賓語(yǔ)。2.(2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題)_________orangeonthedeskisforyou,Mike.A.AB.AnC./D.The【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。因?yàn)槭翘刂刚n桌上的那個(gè)橘子，所以用定冠詞the。3.(2004年哈爾濱市中考試題)What_______thenumberofthegirlsinyourclass?Abouttwenty.A.isB.amC.areD.be【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞be的用法和主謂一致。thenumber作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該是單數(shù)第三人稱，動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)閕s。4.(2004年陜西省中考試題)There_______afootballmatchonTVthisevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.hasD.isgoingtohave【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是Therebe…句型和動(dòng)詞have用法區(qū)別。Therebe句型本身就表示“在某個(gè)地方存在某個(gè)人或物”，不能和動(dòng)詞have混在一起用?！緷M分演練】一.單項(xiàng)填空1.Whatcolouristhebike?It’s_______orange.A.anB.aC./D.the2.Thatisn’therbag.It’s________.A.myB.IC.mineD.me3.Oh,yourkiteisverynice.__________________.A.That’srightB.No,it’snotniceC.Yes,itisD.Thankyou4.Thewomanissixty,butshe_______young.A.isB.seesC.looksD.watches5.It’stime________lunch.Let’sgohome.A.toB.inC.forD.on6.________isyourcoat?Theblackone.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhichD.How7.________isthetoy?It’sonthebed.A.WhoB.WhereC.WhatD.Whose8.Theshoesaretooold.Put________overthere.A.itB.theyC.theirD.them9.Excuseme.Canyou_______mywatch,please?A.lookB.looklikeC.lookafterD.lookat10.Look_______theblackboardandlisten_______theteacher.A.//B.at;toC.after;/D.on;after11.Whosedressisthis?It’s_________.A.LucyB.Lucy’sC.JimD.Jim’s12.Thegirl______thepurplecoatishissister.A.atB.inC.onD.with13.Thereisabird______thetree.A.inB.onC.toD.of14.Therearemany________inourschool.A.womanteachersB.womanteacherC.womenteacherD.womenteachers15.Isthereaballunderthedesk?______________________.A.Yes,itisB.Yes,there’sC.No,thereisn’tD.No,thereis16.There_______somebooksandapencilonthedesk.A.amB.isC.areD.be17.Letmehelpyou._______________.A.You’rewelcomeB.ThanksverymuchC.Don’tworryD.Yes,thanks18.______oldmanis______Englishteacher.A.The;anB.An;anC.The;theD.A;a19.What_____fiveplussix?It’seleven.A.amB.isC.areD./20.What______youseeinthepicture?Icanseesomeflowers.A.mustB.canC.areD.do二.完形填空ThisisapictureofKat’s____1____.Whatcanwe____2_____inthepicture?Look____3____it,please.Theman____4____theblackcoatisKate’sfather,Mr.Green.The____5____intheredsweaterisMrs.Green.They____6____young.ThebabyisKate.ThelittleboyisKate’s____7_____,Jim.___8____themanbehindMrs.Green?Oh,he’s____9___brother,Mr.Read.He____10____young,too.1.A.familiesB.familyC.parentsD.brothers2.A.lookB.doC.seeD.put3.A.atB.afterC.forD.up4.A.onB.ofC.inD.to5.A.manB.girlC.womenD.woman6.A.areB.isC.looklikeD.looking7.A.sisterB.brotherC.fatherD.aunt8.A.What’sB.Where’sC.Who’sD.Howis9.A.hisB.herC.ourD.their10.A.looksB.amC.lookD.very三.在B欄中找出A欄英語(yǔ)句子的準(zhǔn)確答語(yǔ)(A)(B)1.Howareyou?A.IaminRow6.2.Canyouspellit,please?B.Fine,thankyou.3.Howdoyoudo?C.Yes,b-o-o-k,book.4.Whatrowareyouin?D.Itisten.5.What’stwopluseight?E.Nicetomeetyou,too.6.Nicetomeetyou.F.Iam14.7.Howoldareyou?G.WangPingis.8.Who’snothere?H.It’shere.9.Whereisthebag?I.It’sabook.10.WhatisthisinEnglish?J.Howdoyoudo?四.完成對(duì)話：在對(duì)話后面的句子中選出準(zhǔn)確的填入空白處Jim:Excuseme,Ann.Whoseblackdogisthis?Isityours?Ann:Letmehavealook.________1_______.Ithinkit’sSam’s.Mydogisbrown.Jim:Sam,lookatthedogbehindthetree.________2__________?Sam:Sorry,itisn’tmine.Mydogisblackandwhite.IthinkitlookslikeMary’s.Jim:_____________3______________?Sam:She’smyfriend.Look!She’soverthere.Let’sgoandaskher.Jim:_______________4_______________.Sam:Hi,Mary!Isthatdogyours?Mary:_______________5_______________.Sam:It’salovelydog!Don’tloseit!Mary:Yes,thankyou.A.Who’sMaryB.OK,let’sgoC.Oh,noit’snotmineD.Oh,yes.It’smineE.Isityours五.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.________(He)penisin______(I)pencil-box.2.________(You)shoes________(be)underthebed.3.________(Who)newruleristhis?4.Arethesetrousers_______(you)?No,theyaren’t________(we)5.It’stime________(go)andplaygames.6.Thisismypen.Pleasegiveitto________(I).7.Ihavetwo________(baby).8.Look!Thatisa________(China)car.9.Itis__________(myteacher)sweater.10.Nowher________(parent)areinAmerica.六.閱讀理解(A)Bobwasborninabigandrichfamily.Hisfatherisauniversityprofessor.HeteachesAmericanhistory.Hismotherisaverycapablewoman.Sheisthemanagerofabigcompany.Sheearnsalotofmoney,ofcourse.Bobhastwosistersandabrother.Hiseldersister,Jenny,isfourteen.Shestudiesinamiddleschool.Hisyoungersister,Ann,isten.Shestudiesinaprivateprimaryschool.Shehasaverygoodmemory.Sheisclever.Hisyoungerbrother,Dick,isonlysix.Hehasjuststartedgoingtoschool.Bobgetsonwellwithhisfamily.Heisongoodtermsnotonlywithhisparents,butalsowithhissistersandbrother.(haveafriendlyrelationshipwithsb.)Heis,inaword,anappleintheireyes.按照短文的內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子的正誤：準(zhǔn)確地答“A”，錯(cuò)誤的答“B”。1.Bobwasborninasmallandrichfamily.2.Hehastwobrothersandasister.3.Therearefivepeopleinhisfamily.4.Dickisonlysix.Hestudiesinaprivateprimaryschool.5.“Heisanappleintheireyes”means“Theylovehimverymuch”.(B)Lookattheclotheslineinthetwins'bedroom.Therearesomeclothesonit.Youcanseeagreenblouseandayellowskirt.Thetrousersontheclotheslineareblack.Theyarenotnewbutclean.AretheyLily'sclothes?No.IknowtheyareLucy's.Lily'sclothesareonaclothestreenearthewindow.Hertrousersarebrown,herblouseiswhiteandherskirtisblue.Thereisanewhatontheclothestree,butit'snotLily's,it'sLucy's.ThereisanoldhatonLucy'sbedintheroom,it'sLily's.Therearenoclothesontheotherbed,thebedisLily's.1.Whatcanyouseeinthebedroom?Icansee__________.A.aclotheslineB.atreeC.abed2.WhatcolourareLucy'strousers?Theyare________.A.greenB.blackC.brown3.WhereisLucy'shat?It'son_________.A.theclothestreeB.theclotheslineC.lily'sbed4.Howmanybedsarethereintheroom?________.A.onlyoneB.threeC.two5.ArethereanythingsonLily'sbed?________.A.Yes,thereisahatonitB.No,thereisnotanythingonitC.Sorry,Idon'tknow(C)It'safineSundaymorning.Annandhermotherareinabigbus.Therearemanypeopleinit.SomeofthemcomefromAmerica,andsomecomefromEnglandandCanada.Theyarealltheirfriends.TheyaregoingtotheGreatWall.TherearetwoChineseinthebus.Oneiswoman.Sheisdrivingthebus.Theotherisayoungman.HespeaksgoodEnglish.HeisnowtalkingabouttheGreatWall.Theotherpeoplearealllisteningtohim.TheyliketheGreatWall.Theywanttoseeitverymuch.1.AnnandmotheraregoingtotheGreatWall__________.A.bybikeB.bycarC.byplaneD.bybus2.Thereare__________.A.onlyoneChineseinthebusB.onlytwoChineseinthebusC.onlytwoChineseonthebikeD.onlyoneChineseinthecar3.Thedriveris__________.A.amanB.awomanC.aCanadianD.anAmerican4.Thepeople__________.A.aresingingB.aretalkingC.arelisteningD.arelookingatthewall5.They__________.A.canseetheGreatWallB.canspeakEnglishverywell.C.wanttotalkwiththemanverymuchD.wanttoseetheGreatWallverymuch初一年級(jí)（下）【知識(shí)梳理】I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.abottleof2.alittle3.alot(of)4.allday5.befrom6.beover7.comeback8.comefrom9.doone’shomework10.dotheshopping11.getdown12.gethome13.getto14.getup15.goshopping16.haveadrinkof17.havealook18.havebreakfast19.havelunch20.havesupper21.listento22.not…atall23.put…away24.takeoff25.throwitlikethat26.wouldlike27.inthemiddleoftheday28.inthemorning/afternoon/evening29.onafarm30.inafactoryII.重要句型1.Letsb.dosth.2.Couldsb.dosth.?3.wouldlikesth.4.wouldliketodosth.5.Whataboutsomethingtoeat?6.Howdoyouspell…?7.MayIborrow…?III.交際用語(yǔ)1.—Thanksverymuch!—You'rewelcome.2.Putit/themaway.3.What'swrong?4.Ithinkso.Idon'tthinkso.5.Iwanttotakesomebookstotheclassroom.6.Givemeabottleoforangejuice,please.Pleasegiveit/thembacktomorrow.OK.9.What'syourfavouritesport?10.Don'tworry.11.I’m(not)goodatbasketball.12.Doyouwantago?13.That'sright./That‘sallright./Allright.14.Doyouhaveadictionary/anydictionaries?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.15.We/TheyhavesomeCDs.We/Theydon’thaveanyCDs.16.Whatdayisittoday/tomorrow?It’sMonday.17.MayIborrowyourcolourpens,please?Certainly.Hereyouare.18.Whereareyoufrom?FromBeijing.19.What'syourtelephonenumberinNewYork?20.Doyoulikehotdogs?Yes,Ido.(Alittle./Alot./Verymuch.)No,Idon't.(Idon'tlikethematall.)21.Whatdoesyourmotherlike?Shelikesdumplingsandvegetablesverymuch.22.Whendoyougotoschooleveryday?Igotoschoolat7:00everyday.23.Whattimedoeshegotobedintheevening?Hegoestobedat10:00.IV.重要語(yǔ)法1.人稱代詞的用法；2.祈使句；3.現(xiàn)在舉行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法；4．動(dòng)詞have的用法；5．普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和用法；6．可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法【名師講解】That'sright./That‘sallright./Allright.That’sright意為“對(duì)的”，表示贊同對(duì)方的意見、看法或行為，絕對(duì)對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如："Ithinkwemusthelptheoldman.""我想我們應(yīng)該協(xié)助這位老人。""That'sright."或"You'reright.""說得對(duì)"。That’sallright.意為“不用謝”、“沒關(guān)系”，用往返答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如："Manythanks.""That'sallright.""Sorry.It'sbroken.""That'sallright."Allright.意為“行了”、“可以”，表示愿意對(duì)方的建議或要求。偶爾還可以表示“身體很好”"Pleasetellmeaboutit.""請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。""Allright.""好吧。"Isyourmotherallright?你媽身體好嗎2.make/do這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“做”，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make指做東西或制東西，do指做一件詳細(xì)的事。Canyoumakeapaperboatforme?你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎？He’sdoinghishomeworknow.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3.say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)詞，意為“說出”、“說道”，著重所說的話。如：“Iwanttogotherebybus”,hesaid.他說，“我要坐汽車到那里去。”PleasesayitinEnglish.請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說。speak:“說話”，著重開口發(fā)聲，不著重所說的內(nèi)容，普通用作不及物動(dòng)詞(即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ))。如：Canyouspeakabouthim?你能不能說說他的情況？Idon’tliketospeaklikethis.我不喜歡這樣說話。speak作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)，只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用，表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如：ShespeaksEnglishwell.她英語(yǔ)說得好。talk:與speak意義相近，也著重說話的動(dòng)作，而不著重所說的話，因此，普通也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞，不過，talk暗示話是對(duì)某人說的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味，著重指延續(xù)地和別人談話。如：Iwouldliketotalktohimaboutit.我想跟他談那件事。Oldwomenliketotalkwithchildren.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。tell:“告訴”，除較少情況外，普通后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如：He’stellingmeastory.他在給我講故事。tellalie撒謊tellsb.todosth./tellsb.nottodosth.MissZhaooftentellsustostudyhard.4.docooking/dothecookingdocooking作“做飯”解，屬泛指。dothecooking特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用some,much修飾。從dosomecooking可引出許多類似的短語(yǔ)：dosomewashing洗些衣服dosomeshopping買些東西dosomereading讀書dosomewriting寫些東西dosomefishing釣魚從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類短語(yǔ)，不能用some,much或定冠詞。goshopping去買東西gofishing去釣魚goboating去劃船goswimming去游泳5.likedoingsth./liketodosth.likedoingsth.與liketodosth.意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)普通性的興趣或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和常常性；后來表示一次性和偶爾性的動(dòng)作。例如：Helikesplayingfootball,buthedoesn‘tliketoplayfootballwithLiMing.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6.other/others/theother/anotherother表其余的，別的，Haveyouanyotherquestions?你還有其他問題嗎?others別的人，別的東西IntheroomsomepeopleareAmerican,theothersareFrench.在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人,其他的是法國(guó)人。theother表另一個(gè)（二者之中）one…，theother…OneofmytwobrothersstudiesEnglish,theotherstudiesChinese.我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。another表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些Thereisroomforanotherfewbooksontheshelf.書架上還可以放點(diǎn)書。7.inthetree/onthetreeinthetree與onthetree.譯成中文均為"在樹上"但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。inthetree表示某人、某事（不屬于樹本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西）落在樹上，表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹上時(shí)，要使用onthetree.如：Therearesomeapplesonthetree.那棵樹上有些蘋果。Thereisabirdinthetree.那棵樹上有只鳥。8.some/any(1)some和any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要注重。some常用于絕對(duì)句中，any常用于一定句和疑問句中。如：Thereissomewaterintheglass.Isthereanywaterintheglass?Thereisn'tanywaterintheglass.(2)在說話者希翼得到絕對(duì)答復(fù)的普通疑問句中，或在表示哀求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問句中，我們依然用some。如：Wouldyoulikesometea?9.tall/high(1)說人，動(dòng)物，樹木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high，例如atallwoman一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女a(chǎn)tallhorse一個(gè)巍峨的馬(2)說一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí)，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上時(shí)，飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí)，例如：Heishighupinthetree.他高高地爬在樹上。Theplaneissohighinthesky.飛機(jī)在空中這么高。(3)指建造物、山時(shí)要tall或high都可以，不過high的程度比tall高。(4)high可作副詞，tall不能。(5)tall的反義詞為short,high的反義詞為low.10.can/could(1)can表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或按照客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的"能力"。例如：Canyourideabike？你會(huì)騎自行車嗎？WhatcanIdoforyou？要輔助嗎？Canyoumakeacake？你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎？(2)can用在一定句和疑問句中時(shí)偶爾表示說話人的"疑惑""預(yù)測(cè)"或不絕對(duì)。例如：Wherecanhebe？他會(huì)在什么地方呢？Canthenewsbetrue？這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？Itsurelycan'tbesixo'clockalready？不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧？Youcan'tbehungrysosoon，Tom，you'vejusthadlunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過午飯。Whatcanhemean？他會(huì)是什么意思？在日常會(huì)話中，can可代替may表示"允許"，may比較正式。例如：Youcancomeinanytime.你隨時(shí)都可以來。CanIuseyourpen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？Ofcourse，youcan.固然可以。Youcanhavemyseat，I'mgoingnow.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3)couldcould是can的過去式，表示過去有過的能力和可能性（在一定和疑問句中）。例如：Thedoctorsaidhecouldhelphim.（能力）醫(yī)生說他能協(xié)助他。Lilycouldswimwhenshewasfouryearsold.（能力）當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。Atthattimewethoughtthestorycouldbetrue.（可能性）那時(shí)我們以為所說的可能是真的。could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)光的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：CouldIspeaktoJohn，please？我能和約翰說話嗎？Couldyou？在口語(yǔ)中表示哀求對(duì)方做事。例如：Couldyouwaithalfanhour？請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎？Couldyoupleaseringagainatsix？六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話好嗎？(4)can的形式惟獨(dú)現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式。能表示普通現(xiàn)在和普通過去兩種時(shí)態(tài)，偶爾也能表示未來。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)（包括未來時(shí)）須用beableto加動(dòng)詞不定式來表示。例如：TheyhavenotbeenabletocometoBeijing.他們沒有能到北京來。11.lookfor/findlookfor意為“尋找”，而find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”這一動(dòng)作，并不注重“找”的結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如：Shecan’tfindherruler.她找不到她的尺子啦。Tomislookingforhiswatch，buthecan’tfindit.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒能找到。12.besleeping/beasleepbesleeping表示動(dòng)作，意思是“正在睡覺”；beasleep表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了”。如：Whatarethechildrendoingintheroom?孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么？Theyaresleeping.他們正在睡覺。Thechildrenareasleepnow.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13.often/usually/sometimesoften表示"常常"，sometimes表示"偶爾候"，在表示發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是常常性，普通性的動(dòng)作或情況，常與普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）的后面，偶爾也可位于句尾。倘若要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，則放在句首。Weusuallyplaybasketballafterschool.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。SometimesIgotobedearly.偶爾，我睡覺很早。HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.他常常在清晨讀英語(yǔ)。14.Howmuch/Howmanyhowmuch常用來咨詢某一商品的價(jià)格，常見句式是Howmuchis/are…?Howmuchistheskirt?這條裙子多少錢？Howmucharethebananas?這些香蕉多少錢？howmuch后加不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量，意為“多少“，howmany后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。Howmuchmeatdoyouwant?你要多少肉呀？Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?你們班有多少人？15.begoodfor/begoodto/begoodatbegoodfor表示"對(duì)……有益處"，而bebadfor表示"對(duì)……有害"；begoodto表示"對(duì)……友好"，而bebadto表示"對(duì)……不好"；begoodat表示"善于，在……方面做得好"，而bebadat表示"在……方面做得不好"。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有益處。Eatingtoomuchisbadforyouhealth.吃的太多對(duì)你的身體有害。MissLiisgoodtoallofus.李教師對(duì)我們所有的人都很友好。Thebossisbadtohisworkers.這個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。LiLeiisgoodatdrawing,butI'mbadatit.李雷善于畫畫，但是我不善于。16.each/everyeach和every都有"每一個(gè)"的意思，但含義和用法不相同。each從個(gè)體著眼，every從整體著眼。each可用于兩者或兩者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。Weeachhaveanewbook.我們每人各有一本新書。Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.街的兩旁有樹。Hegetsupearlyeverymorning.天天清晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞；every只能用作形容詞。Eachofthemhashisownduty.他們各人有各人的義務(wù)。Theyeachwanttodosomethingdifferent.他們每個(gè)人都想做不同的事情。17.普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)/現(xiàn)在舉行時(shí)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示常常性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示說話者的能力，還有天然現(xiàn)象；而現(xiàn)在舉行時(shí)表示正在舉行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（構(gòu)成方式為am/is/are/+doing）。Idomyhomeworkintheevening.我在晚上做作業(yè)。I'mdoingmyhomeworknow.我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在舉行時(shí)常與now,thesedays,atthemoment或Look,listen等詞連用；而普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與often,always,sometimes,usually,everyday,inthemorning,onMondays等連用。Weoftencleantheclassroomafterschool.我們常常放學(xué)后打掃教室。Look!Theyarecleaningtheclassroom.看！他們正在打掃教室呢?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要擴(kuò)散在：1．動(dòng)詞普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在舉行時(shí)的用法，人稱代詞的用法，可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法。2．本冊(cè)書中常見的交際用語(yǔ)3．本冊(cè)書中一些重點(diǎn)的詞組和短語(yǔ)考試形式往往是單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文改錯(cuò)和短文填空?！局锌挤独?.（2004年安徽省中考試題）Hurryup!We’reallwaitingforyou.I________foranimportantphonecall.Gowithoutme.A.waitB.waswaitingC.amwaitingD.waited【解析】答案：C。表示現(xiàn)在正在舉行的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在舉行時(shí)。2.(2004年長(zhǎng)春市中考試題)Couldyouhelp____with_______English,please?A.I,myB.me,meC.me,myD.my,I【解析】答案：C。第一個(gè)空作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格me,第二個(gè)空作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞my。3.(2004年長(zhǎng)春市中考試題)Dr.Whitecan_______Frenchverywell.A.speakB.talkC.sayD.tell【解析】答案：A。說什麼語(yǔ)言常用動(dòng)詞speak。4.（2004年黃岡中考試題）Englishisspokenby______people.A.alotB.muchmanyC.alargenumberofD.agreatdealof【解析】答案：C。惟獨(dú)alargenumberof能用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞people。【滿分演練】一.單項(xiàng)挑選1.Thereissome______ontheplate.A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pears2.UncleWangwants______themachinelikeabike.A.rideB.ridingC.ridesD.toride3.Tomusuallygoestobed________teno'clockintheevening.A.atB.inC.onD.of4.______picturebooksinclass,please.A.NotreadB.NoreadC.NotreadingD.Don'tread5.Theboxistooheavy.Let________helpyoutocarryit.A.weB.usC.oursD.our6.Hurryup,______we'llbelateforthemeeting.A.andB.butC.thenD.or7.Peopleusually______"hello"toeachotherwhentheymakeaphonecall.A.sayB.speakC.tellD.talk8.Look!She________akiteforherson.A.makesB.ismakingC.makeD.making9.Theseshoesareyours.Please________.A.putonthemB.putonitC.putthemonD.putiton10.Sheoftengets______verylate.A.homeB.athomeC.tohomeD.inhome11.Ithinktheshopisclosed________thistimeofday.A.inB.onC.atD.for12.Iwant______ofmeat,please.A.halfkiloB.ahalfkiloC.halfakiloD.akilohalf13.Isthisblackruler________?No.It's________.A.yours,hisB.your,hisC.yours,himD.you,he14.________bookonthedeskisauseful（重要的）one.A.AB.AnC.TheD./15.Grandmaisill.Wehavetotakehertothe________.A.farmB.postofficeC.hotelD.hospital16.LiuMeioftenhelpshermother________housework.A.doesB.doC.doingD.todoing17.Wewatcheveningnewson________at7:00intheevening.A.CCTVB.CAACC.WTOD.MTV18.There________aboxofapplesonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have19.Wouldyoulike________withme?A.goB.togoC.goingD.goes20.Sometimeshisbrother________TVaftersupper.A.watchB.seesC.watchesD.iswatching二.填空A.按照句義和首字母寫出所缺的單詞1.Kate'sglassisempty.Shewantsaf______one.2.Ithinkmyfathercanhelpyoum______yourbrokenbike.3.Ihavetwopencils.Oneisshort,theotherisl______.4.Pleaseopenthew______.It'sgettinghothere.5.Somethingisw______withmybike.MayIborrowyours?B.按照句意，用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Therearesome________there,talkingloudly.(woman)2.Thisblouseisn'thers.It's________.(my)3.Thepeopleonthefarmarevery________.(friend)4.Doyouknow________?(he)5.Tom'sunclecandrivecars.Heisagood________.(drive)C.選詞并用其適當(dāng)形式填空work,close,look,have,teacher,pen,eat,China,play,climb1.Thisisour________desk.Oursareoverthere.2.Billhasthree________.Oneisnewandtheothertwoareold.3.Hisuncle________veryyoungbutheisoverforty.4.Let's________basketballafterclass.5.Look!Thecatsare________upthetrees.6.Theshopisn'topen.It's________.7.Mybrother________somenewpicturebooks.8.Inourclassroomthereisalargemapof________.9.Mum,pleasegivemesomethingto________.I'mveryhungry.10.DoesMrGreenlike________inthisChineseschool?三.按照對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從方框中挑選恰當(dāng)?shù)木渥油瓿蓪?duì)話A.Pleasegiveitbacksoon.B.It'soverthereC.Certainly.Whendoyouwantit?D.Thankyouverymuch.E.Blackandred,andit'snotverynew.A:Excuseme,LinTao!B:Yes?A:Mybikeisbroken.CanIborrowyours?B:__1____.A:Thisafternoon.B:OK.Here'sthekey.A:____2__.Butwhereisit?B:__3____.A:Whatcolourisit?B:__4____.A:Isee.IthinkIcanfindit.B:___5___.A:Allright.Seeyou!四.完型填空Thesedaysmenandwomen,youngandoldare___1_____thesamekindof___2____,andalotof___3_____havelonghair（頭發(fā)）.Weoftencan't___4_____whethertheyareboysorgirls,menorwomen.___5_____oldmanoftengoestowalkinthepark.Heissittingonachairnow.Ayoungpersonis___6________7_____him."Oh,goodness!"theoldmansaystotheotherone."Doyou___8_____thatpersonwithlonghair?Isitaboyoragirl?""Aboy,"saystheotherone."Heismyson.""Oh,"saystheoldman,"Please____9____me.Idon'tknowyouarehis____10____.""I'mnothismother,I'mhisfather,"saystheotherone.1.A.havingB.wearingC.puttingD.buying2.A.clothesB.treesC.picturesD.Bags3.A.weB.yourC.themD.Theirs4.A.talkB.teachC.sayDtell5.A.AnB.AC.TheD./6.A.runningB.flyingC.standingD.driving7.A.onB.besideC.inD.At8.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.Read9.A.helpB.excuseC.teachD.Ask10.A.babyB.sisterC.fatherD.Mother五.閱讀理解(A)MrLiteachesChineseintheUSA.HecomesbacktoChinaeveryyear.Hegivesusatalk.Hesays,"KDayintheUSAisveryinteresting.Allchildrenlikeitverymuch.ItisonMarch7th.Whenyougooutonthatday,youcanseechildrenrunningwithkitesintheopenair(露天).Whenyoulookup,youcanseedifferentkitesinthesky（天空）.Somearebig,andsomearesmall.Theyareindifferentcolours.Everykitehasalongstring(長(zhǎng)線).Thechildrenbegintorunwhentheygetthekitesup.Everychildhasagoodtimethatday.1.MrLiis_______________.HeworksintheUSA.A.aworkerB.anEnglishteacherC.adoctorD.aChineseteacher2.MrLisayssomethingabout_______________.A.howtostudyEnglishB.KDayintheUSAC.hisworkintheUSAD.playingintheopenair3.March7this_________________.A.Children'sDayB.Teachers'DayC.KDayD.TreeplantingDay(植樹節(jié))4.Everykitehas_____________________.A.ashortstringB.alongstringC.thesamecolourD.thesamesize(大小)