2024年春季海-天四級(jí)模擬答案超精分析

四級(jí)模擬答案超精分析PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)1.Thepassagegivesageneraldescriptionofthestructureanduseofalandfill.【參考答案】Y【解題思路】通過(guò)文章開(kāi)頭以及各個(gè)段落的小標(biāo)題，可以得知本文的主要內(nèi)容就是講了垃圾處理場(chǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)以及作用。2.MostofthetrashthatAmericansgenerateendsupinlandfills.【參考答案】Y【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thetrash和Americans定位在文章的第二段。特別是第二段的最后半句themajorityisburiedinlandfills.But后面的轉(zhuǎn)折就是強(qiáng)調(diào)，是語(yǔ)意重點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)就是考點(diǎn)，而題干中Mostof和themajority是同義替換詞。明確表達(dá)了美國(guó)大局部垃圾被埋在垃圾填埋場(chǎng)，所以該表述是正確的。3.ComparedwithothermajorIndustrializedcountries,Americaburiesamuchhigherpercentageofitssolidwasteinlandfills.【參考答案】N 【參考答案】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞solidwaste以及othermajorIndustrializedcountries，將文章定位到第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題HowIsTrashDisposedof?下面，文章中說(shuō)與其他主要國(guó)家相比，美國(guó)在垃圾處理中排名在主要國(guó)家的中游，而題目說(shuō)排名比較靠前，與文章意思矛盾，所以是錯(cuò)誤的。4.Landfillsarelikecompostpilesinthattheyspeedupdecompositionoftheburiedtrash.【參考答案】N 【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞compostpiles，將文章定位在第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題Whatisalandfill?下面。根據(jù)文章所述，Alandfillisnotlikeacompostpile,wherethepurposeistoburytrashinsuchawaythatitwilldecomposequickly.，與題目所述意思相反，所以是錯(cuò)誤的。5.Inmostcountriestheselectionofalandfillsiteisgovernedbyrulesandregulations.【參考答案】Y【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞rulesandregulations和Inmostcountries定位在第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題下，而文中的Inmostpartsoftheworld,thereareregulationsthatgovernwherealandfillcanbeplacedandhowitcanoperate.正好是對(duì)題目意思的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，所以為正確的。6.IntheUnitedStatesthebuildingoflandfillsisthejobofbothfederalandlocalgovernments.【參考答案】N 【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thebuildingoflandfills和IntheUnitedStates定位在第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的第二段，根據(jù)該段內(nèi)容表述，IntheUnitedStates,takingcareoftrashandbuildinglandfillsarelocalgovernmentresponsibilities〔在美國(guó)，建造垃圾場(chǎng)是當(dāng)?shù)卣呢?zé)任和職責(zé)〕。而題目說(shuō)是聯(lián)邦和當(dāng)?shù)卣呢?zé)任，與文章內(nèi)容不符合，所以是錯(cuò)誤的。7.Hazardouswasteshavetobetreatedbeforebeingdumpedintolandfills【參考答案】NG 【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Hazardouswastes定位到文章的倒數(shù)第三段，在這一段的內(nèi)容中，只提到了帶有危險(xiǎn)性的垃圾被禁止傾倒到垃圾場(chǎng)中，沒(méi)有提到在傾倒進(jìn)垃圾場(chǎng)之前必須被處理。8.Typicalcustomersofalandfillare_______________________________________【參考答案】municipalitiesandconstructioncompanies 【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Typicalcustomersofalandfill，定位在最后一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下，很容易可以得知答案。這道題目的解題的關(guān)鍵是Typical與文章中typically是同義詞，只是形式不同而已。9.Todisposeofatonoftrashinalandfill,customershavetopayatippingfeeof__________________________________________________【參考答案】$10to$40 【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞atippingfee定位在文章倒數(shù)第五段，可以得到答案。在這個(gè)題目中存在一個(gè)替換：題目中atonoftrash替換文章中perton。10.MaterialsthatarenotpermittedtobeburiedinLandfillsshouldbedumpedat________________________________________________【參考答案】drop-offstation 【解題思路】根據(jù)題意，講的是在垃圾場(chǎng)不被允許填埋的垃圾的處理方式。而題目中arenotpermittedto與文章中的arebannedfrom是一對(duì)替換詞，所以很容易得到答案。PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionA11.A12.C13.B14.D15.D16.B17.A18.D19.C 20.D21.C22.C23.A24.D25. BSectionB26.A27.A28.D29.B30.D31.B32.B33.C34.C35.ASectionC36.labour37.ingredients38.vital39.individuals40.engage41.figures42.generating43.Currently44.willbemakingdecisionsinsuchareasasproductdevelopment,qualitycontrol,andcustomersatisfaction.45.toacquirenewskillsthatwillhelpyoukeepupwithimprovedtechnologiesandprocedures.46.Don'texpectthecompanieswillprovideyouwithaclearlydefinedcareerpath.聽(tīng)力原文SectionA11.M:Today'sabaddayforme.Ifelloffastepandtwistedmyankles.W:Don'tworry.Usuallyankleinjurieshealquicklyifyoustopregularactivitiesforawhile.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?12.W:MayIseeyourticket,please?Ithinkyouaresittinginmyseat.M:Oh,you'reright.Myseatisinthebalcony.I'mterriblysorry.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?13.W:DidyouhearJaySmithdiedinhissleeplastnight?M:Yes,it'sverysad.Pleaseleteverybodyknowthatwhoeverwantstomayattendthefuneral.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?14.M:HaveyoutakenProfessorYoung'sexambefore?I'mkindofnervous.W:Yes.Justconcentrateontheimportantideasshe'stalkedaboutintheclass,andignorethedetails.Q:HowdoesthewomansuggestthemanprepareforProfessorYoung'sexam?15.W:I'msosorry,sir.Andyou'llletmepaytohaveyourjacketcleaned,won'tyou?M:That'sallright.Itcouldhappentoanyone.AndI'msurethatcoffeedoesn'tleavelastingmarksonclothing.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?16.W:Haveyouseenthemovie"TheDeparted"?TheplotissocomplicatedthatIreallygotlost.M:Yeah.Ifeltthesame.ButafterIsawitasecondtime,Icouldputallthepiecestogether.Q:Howdidthetwospeakersfindthemovie?17.M:I'mreallysurprisedyougotanAonthetest.Youdidn'tseemtohavedonealotofreading.W:NowyouknowwhyInevermissalecture.Q:Whatcontributestothewoman'shighscore?18.W:Haveyouheardaboutthenewdigitaltelevisionsystem?Itletspeoplegetaboutfivehundredchannels.M:Yeah,butIdoubtthatwillhaveanythingdifferentfromwhatwewatchnow.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?ConversationOneW:Gosh,haveyouseenthis,Richard?M:Seewhat?W:Inthepaper,〔19〕saysthere'samangoingroundpretendingheisfromtheelectricityboard.Heisbeencallingatpeople'shomes,sayinghe'scometocheckthatalltheirappliancesaresafe.Thenhegetsaroundthemtomakehimacupoftea,andwhiletheyareoutoftheroom,〔19〕hestealstheirmoney,handbag,whatever,andmakesoffwithit.M:ButyouknowJean,it'spartlytheirownfault.Theyshouldneverletanyonelikethatinunlessyouareexpectingthem.W:It'sallverywelltosaythat,butsomeonecomestothedoorandsayselectricityorgas.Andyouautomaticallythinktheyareok.Especiallyiftheyflashedacardtoyou.M:DoesthismanhaveanIDthen?W:〔20〕Yes,that'sjustit.Itseemsheusedtoworkfortheelectricityboardatonetime.Accordingtothepaper,〔21〕thepolicearewarningpeopleespeciallypensionersnottoadmitanyoneunlesstheyhaveanappointment.It'sabitsad.Oneoldladytoldthem,〔22〕she'sjustbeentothepostofficetodrawherpension,whenhecalled,shesaidhemustfollowherhome.〔22〕Hestolethewholelot.M:but,whatdoeshelooklike.Surelytheymusthaveadescription.W:Oh,yes.Theyhave.Let'ssee,inhis30s,tall,bushydarkhair,slightnorthernaccent.Soundsabitlikeyouactually.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantoreadinthenewspaper?20.Howdidthemanmentionedinthenewspapertrytowinfurthertrustfromthevictims?21.Whatisthewarningfromthepolice?22.Whatdoesthewomanspeakertellusabouttheoldlady?ConversationTwoM:MissJones,couldyoutellmemoreaboutyourfirstjobwithhotelmarketingconcepts.W:Yes,certainly.〔23〕IwasamarketingconsultantresponsibleformarketingtenUKhotels.Theywereallluxuryhotelsintheleisuresector,allofveryhighstandard.M:Whichmarketswereyouresponsiblefor?W:ForEuropeandJapan.M:IseefromyourresumethatyouspeakJapanese.HaveyoueverbeentoJapan?W:Yes,Ihave.IspentamonthinJapanin2024.Imetallthekeypeopleinthetouristindustry,thebigtouroperators,andthetouristorganizations.〔24〕AsIspeakJapanese,Ihadaverybigadvantage.M:Yes,ofcourse.HaveyouhadanycontactwithJapan,inyourpresentjob?W:Yes,I'vehadalot.CruiseshavebecomeverypopularwiththeJapanesebothforholidaysandforbusinessconferences.Infact,themarketforalltypesofluxuryholidaysfortheJapanesehasincreasedalotrecently.M:Really?I'minterestedtohearmoreaboutthat.Butfirsttellme,haveevertraveledonaluxurytrain,theOrientingExpressforexample.W:No,Ihaven't.ButI'vetraveledontheGlacierExpresstoSwitzerland,andItraveledacrossChinabytrainabout8yearsago.〔25〕Ilovetraintravel.That'swhyIamveryinterestedinthisjob.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.Whatdidthewomandoinherfirstjob?24.WhatgavethewomananadvantageduringherbusinesstripinJapan?25.Whyisthewomanapplyingforthenewjob?SectionBPassageOneIthinkalotabouttimeandnotjustbecauseit'sthenameofthenewsorganizationIworkfor.Likemostworkingpeople,Ifindtimeorthelackofit,areneverendingfrustrationandanunwinablebattle.Myeverydayis〔26〕araceagainsttheclockthatInevereverseemtowin.Thisishardlyalonesomecomplaint,accordingtothefamiliesandworkinstitutes,nationalstudyofthechangingworkforce,〔26〕55%oftheemployeessaytheydon'thaveenoughtimeforthemselves,63%don'thaveenoughtimefortheirspousesorpartners,and67%don'thaveenoughtimefortheirchildren.〔27〕It'salsonotanewcomplaint.Ibetourancestorsreturnedhomefromhuntingwildanimalsandgatheringnuts,〔27〕andcomplainedabouthowlittletimetheyhadtopaintbattlescenesontheircavewalls.Thedifferenceisthatthebossoftheanimalhuntingandtheheadofnutgatheringprobablytoldthemto"Shutup!"or"Nosurvivalforyou!"Today'sworkersarestilldemandingcontrolovertheirtime,thedifferenceis:today'sbossesarelistening.I'vebeenreadingareportissuedtodaycalledWhenWorkWorks,producedjointlyby3organizations.〔28〕Theysetouttofindandawardtheemployerswhoemploythemostcreativeandmosteffectivewaystogivetheirworkersflexibility.Ifoundthisreportworthreadingandsuggesteverybossshouldreaditforideas.Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.Whatisthespeakercomplainingabout?27.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutourancestors?28.Whydoesthespeakersuggestallbossesreadthereportbythe3organizations?PassageTwoLovingachildisacircularbusiness.Themoreyougive,themoreyouget.Themoreyouwanttogive,PenalapyLeachoncesaid.Whatshesaidprovestobetrueofmyblendedfamily.Iwasbornin1931.Astheyoungestofsixchildren,Ilearntosharemyparents'love.Raising6childrenduringthedifficulttimesofthe〔29〕GreatDepressiontookitstollonmyparents'relationshipandresultedintheirdivorcewhenIwas18yearsold.Daddyneverhadverycloserelationshipswithhischildrenanddriftedevenfartherawayfromusafterthedivorce.Severalyearslater,awonderfulwomancameintohislife,andtheyweremarried.Shehadtwosons.Oneofthemisstillathome.Underherinfluencewebecameablendedfamilyandagoodrelationshipdevelopedbetweenthetwofamilies.〔30〕Shealwaystreatedusasifwewereherownchildren.Itwasbecauseofourothermother,daddy'ssecondwife,thathebecameclosertohisownchildren.Theysharedover25yearstogetherbeforeourfatherpassedaway.Atthetimeofhisdeath,thequestioncameupofmymother,daddy'sfirstwife,attendinghisfuneral.Iwillneverforgettheunconditionalloveshownbymystepmother,whenIaskedherifshewouldobjecttomotherattendingdaddy'sfuneral.Withoutgivingitasecondthought,sheimmediatelyreplied,"Ofcoursenot,honey,sheisthemotherofmychildren."Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Accordingtothespeaker,whatcontributedtoherparents'divorce?30.Whatbroughtthefatherclosertohischildren?31.Whatmessagedoesthespeakerwanttoconveyinthistalk?PassageThreeInFebruarylastyear,mywifelostherjob.〔32〕Justassuddenly,theownerofthegreenhousewhereIworkedasmanagerdiedofaheartattack.Hisfamilyannouncedthattheyweregoingtoclosethebusinessbecausenooneinthefamilywantedtorunit.Thingslookedprettygloomy.MywifeandIreadthewant-adseachday.〔33〕Thenonemorning,asIwashangingout"GoingoutofBusiness"signatthegreenhouse,thedooropenedandinwalkedacustomer.Shewasanofficemanagerwhosecompanyhasjustmovedintothenewofficeparkontheedgeoftown.Shewaslookingforpartofplantstoplaceinthereceptionareasandoffices."Idon'tknowanythingaboutplants,"shesaid."I'msureinafewweeksthey'llallbedead."WhywasIhelpingherselectherpurchases?Mymindwasracing.〔34〕Perhapsasmanyasadozenfirmshaverecentlyopenedofficesinthenewofficepark,andtherewereseveralhundredmoreacreswithconstructionunderway.Thatafternoon,Idroveouttotheofficepark.Bysixo'clockthateveningIhadsignedcontractswithsevencompaniestorentplantsfrommeandpaymeafeetomaintainthem.Withinaweek,Ihadworkedoutanagreementtoleasethegreenhousefromtheowner'sfamily.Businessisnowincreasingrapidly.〔35〕Andoneday,wehopetobetheproudownersofthegreenhouse.Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.Whatdowelearnaboutthegreenhouse?33.Whatwasthespeakerdoingwhenthecustomerwalkedinonemorning?34.Whatdidthespeakerthinkofwhenservingtheofficemanager?35.Whatwasthespeaker'shopeforthefuture?SectionCWe'renowwitnessingtheemergenceofanadvancedeconomybasedoninformationandknowledge.Physical(36)labour,rawmaterials,andcapitalarenolongerthekey(37)ingredientsinthecreationofwealth.Now,the(38)vitalrawmaterialinoureconomyisknowledge.Tomorrow'swealthdependsonthedevelopmentandexchangeofknowledge.And(39)individualsenteringtheworkforceoffertheirknowledge,nottheirmuscles.Knowledgeworkersgetpaidfortheireducationandtheirabilitytolearn.Knowledgeworkers(40)engageinmindwork.Theydealwithsymbols:words,(41)figuresanddata.Whatdoesallthismeanforyou?Asafutureknowledgeworker,youcanexpecttobe(42)generating,processing,aswellasexchanginginformation.(43)Currently,threeoutoffourjobsinvolvesomeformofmindwork,andthatnumberwillincreasesharplyinthefuture.Managementandemployeesalike(44)willbemakingdecisionsinsuchareasasproductdevelopment,qualitycontrol,andcustomersatisfaction.Inthenewworldofwork,youcanlookforwardtobeinginconstanttraining(45)toacquirenewskillsthatwillhelpyoukeepupwithimprovedtechnologiesandprocedures.Youcanalsoexpecttobetakinggreatercontrolofyourcareer.Gonearethenine-fivejobs.lifetimesecurity,predictablepromotions,andeventheconventionalworkplace,asyouarefamiliarwith.(46)Don'texpectthecompanieswillprovideyouwithaclearlydefinedcareerpath.Anddon’twaitforsomeoneto“empower〞you.Youhavetoempoweryourself.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA 【錦囊妙計(jì)】做選詞填空題時(shí)，可按照以下三步進(jìn)行：第一步，做題目之前先對(duì)全文進(jìn)行通讀，目的是為了了解文章的大意和結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)對(duì)空格中要填寫(xiě)的單詞，尤其是對(duì)它的詞性進(jìn)行大概的預(yù)測(cè)；第二步，對(duì)文章后面所給多個(gè)單詞按詞性進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)整理；第三步，根據(jù)上下文的聯(lián)系、邏輯關(guān)系以及詞性完成選詞填空【詞性分類(lèi)】名詞：B)compositionG)natureM)headaches

動(dòng)詞：C)causedE)disturbH)arisenI)associatedK)interfereL)present形容詞：A)sufficientD)actualJ)continuousO)unrelated副詞：F)preciselyN)reasonably47.【參考答案】F)precisely【考點(diǎn)直擊】副詞辨析+上下文銜接【解題思路】根據(jù)根本語(yǔ)法常識(shí)，首先判斷本句應(yīng)該填一個(gè)副詞，其次，根據(jù)該段上下文語(yǔ)義進(jìn)一步判斷，該空的前一句講到“雖然每個(gè)人都知或多或少的知道噪音是什么〞后面的語(yǔ)意應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折的意思：然而最好為了科學(xué)目的定義噪音更為_(kāi)__47____.很顯然這里應(yīng)該填一個(gè)褒義詞，其次根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，與科學(xué)相聯(lián)系的肯定是精確、準(zhǔn)確之類(lèi)的詞匯。所以從備選的副詞中進(jìn)行選擇，F(xiàn))precisely最為適宜。48.【參考答案】O)unrelated

【考點(diǎn)直擊】形容詞辨析【解題思路】首先根據(jù)語(yǔ)法判斷，該空前有一個(gè)名詞sounds,該空所填的必定是一個(gè)形容詞來(lái)做該名詞的后置定語(yǔ)，并且來(lái)修飾這個(gè)名詞。然后，再根據(jù)上下文銜接以及邏輯判斷，可以斷定O)unrelated最為適合，意識(shí)是，有一種定義是這樣的：噪音是一種與你手頭工作沒(méi)有關(guān)系的聲音。49.【參考答案】K)interfere【考點(diǎn)直擊】動(dòng)詞辨析+上下文銜接【解題思路】根據(jù)語(yǔ)法常識(shí)首先判斷，本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)“這種聲音是…〞判斷該空應(yīng)該填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞；然后最關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)上下文的聯(lián)系和銜接，上文講到噪聲是一種與手頭工作本身沒(méi)關(guān)聯(lián)的聲音。而下文應(yīng)該是個(gè)比照，也就是意思表達(dá)雖然與工作本身沒(méi)關(guān)，但是也會(huì)對(duì)工作形成干擾和影響。因此K)interfere最為適宜。50.【參考答案】M)headaches【考點(diǎn)直擊】名詞辨析【解題思路】此題首先根據(jù)語(yǔ)法常識(shí)判斷，應(yīng)該填一個(gè)名詞，這一點(diǎn)毋庸置疑。然后再根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行判斷，此題是典型的比照考點(diǎn)的考題。該句的前半句講到“這種聲音在某些時(shí)候被認(rèn)為是有關(guān)〞，這給了后半句很大的提示，尤其是后半句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)atanothertime，明顯是前面是一種情況，后面又是一種情況，而且兩種情況構(gòu)成比照。因此，我們就可以判斷該空填的這個(gè)名詞肯定是一個(gè)負(fù)面的，貶義的；其次，我們進(jìn)一步判斷，該空肯定是說(shuō)噪音在另外一些時(shí)候與工作是無(wú)關(guān)的，而且對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是一種不好的東西，因此我們根據(jù)感情色彩和上下文判斷從備選名詞中進(jìn)行選擇，M)headaches最為適宜。51.【參考答案】H)arisen【考點(diǎn)直擊】動(dòng)詞辨析+上下文銜接【解題思路】此題的難度較小。首先根據(jù)根本語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，本空應(yīng)該填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)信號(hào)詞have來(lái)判斷，斷定應(yīng)該填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞；然后就根據(jù)上下文的意思以及邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇就可以了，本句的意思是，近年來(lái)，有關(guān)噪聲對(duì)人類(lèi)行為的影響的觀念已經(jīng)隨著減少噪聲的運(yùn)動(dòng)出現(xiàn)了，所以H)arisen，表示“出現(xiàn)〞。52.【參考答案】B)composition【考點(diǎn)直擊】名詞辨析+上下文銜接【解題思路】首先根據(jù)語(yǔ)法以及intensity,duration,and…所構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)可以得知，該空應(yīng)該填一個(gè)名詞。判斷完詞性以后，根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步選擇，我們可以看出此題其實(shí)考的是一個(gè)與frequency固定搭配，而且也是與聲音有關(guān)領(lǐng)域的短語(yǔ)。因此，我們得出B)composition最為適合。53.【參考答案】L)present【考點(diǎn)直擊】動(dòng)詞辨析+語(yǔ)法常識(shí)判斷+上下文銜接【解題思路】根據(jù)根本語(yǔ)法常識(shí)可以很容易判斷，該空應(yīng)該填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，與該空后面的noisehazards構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配。然后，該句后面的內(nèi)容是舉例說(shuō)明suchas…，舉了一些具體的工作，是前文Manyjobs的具體化，我們不難得出，這些舉例都是為了說(shuō)明這些工作都會(huì)產(chǎn)生噪聲的危險(xiǎn)。在備選的動(dòng)詞中L)present和C)caused都有“造成〞的意思，然后細(xì)心的考生很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)題目有陷阱，需要考生特別注意suchas后面的and是一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以C)caused是個(gè)強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)；L)present為正確選項(xiàng)。54.【參考答案】J)continuous【考點(diǎn)直擊】形容詞辨析【解題思路】此題根據(jù)語(yǔ)法判斷，應(yīng)該填一個(gè)形容詞來(lái)修飾名詞exposure。接著，下文講到與超過(guò)80分貝的噪聲接觸可能會(huì)考慮到有危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)一般常識(shí)，肯定是與噪聲持續(xù)不斷的接觸才會(huì)造成危險(xiǎn)。因此該空所填寫(xiě)的形容詞肯定是一個(gè)表示時(shí)間延續(xù)的，所以再?gòu)膫溥x形容詞中尋找，很容易找到J)continuous為最正確答案。55.【參考答案】A)sufficient【考點(diǎn)直擊】形容詞辨析【解題思路】此題根據(jù)語(yǔ)法判斷，也需要填一個(gè)形容詞來(lái)修飾time。其解題步驟和思路與第54空有異曲同工之妙。也是一個(gè)修飾時(shí)間的形容詞。在這就不一一贅述了。56.【參考答案】D)actual【考點(diǎn)直擊】形容詞辨析【解題思路】此題通過(guò)語(yǔ)法判斷，首先得出該空應(yīng)該填一個(gè)形容詞來(lái)修飾名詞loss。然后根據(jù)對(duì)上下文的觀察所得，該題也是一道典型的比照考點(diǎn)的題目。上文講到了如果與超過(guò)85分貝的噪聲接觸足夠的時(shí)間的話(huà)，可能會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的聽(tīng)力喪失〔significanthearingloss〕，而下文講到______loss要取決于接觸聲音的特定頻度，因此我們不難看出，肯定填D)actual。表示“一般的聽(tīng)力喪失〞?！緟⒖甲g文】如果你生活在大城市，你就會(huì)熟悉許多噪聲的問(wèn)題。但是你可能沒(méi)有意識(shí)到噪聲對(duì)人類(lèi)行為影響的程度。雖然每個(gè)人都或多或少的知道什么是噪音，然而給噪音下定義更為準(zhǔn)確精確的是為了科學(xué)目的。有一種定義是這樣的：噪聲是一種與手頭工作本身不相關(guān)的聲音。這種聲音卻干擾你現(xiàn)在正在做的工作。根據(jù)一個(gè)人此刻正在做的事情判斷，在某個(gè)時(shí)候被認(rèn)為是有關(guān)的聲音在另一個(gè)時(shí)候?qū)?huì)被認(rèn)為是一種頭痛的事情。近年來(lái)，有大量有關(guān)噪聲對(duì)人類(lèi)行為影響的觀念—如噪音污染—連同減少噪音的運(yùn)動(dòng)一起出現(xiàn)了。接觸很大的噪聲確切的說(shuō)能造成局部或者完全的聽(tīng)力喪失，這取決于噪聲的強(qiáng)度，持久度和頻度構(gòu)成。許多工作都能造成噪音危險(xiǎn)，比方說(shuō)在工廠中上班、在噴霧機(jī)周?chē)蛘咦趽u滾樂(lè)隊(duì)正在演奏的音樂(lè)大廳中。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，持續(xù)的與超過(guò)80分貝的聲音接觸被認(rèn)為是危險(xiǎn)的。如果與超過(guò)85分貝的聲音接觸足夠長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間的話(huà)，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的聽(tīng)力喪失。一般的聽(tīng)力喪失將取決于你所接觸的聲音的特定頻率。SectionBPassageOne“Tear’emapart!〞“Killthefool!〞“Murderthereferee(裁判)!〞Thesearecommonremarksonemayhearatvarioussportingevents.Atthetimetheyaremade,theymayseeminnocentenough.(57)Butlet’snotkidourselves.Theyhavebeenknowntoinfluencebehaviorinsuchawayastoleadtorealbloodshed.Volumeshavebeenwrittenaboutthewaywordsaffectus.(58)Ithasbeenshownthatwordshavingcertainconnotations(含義)maycauseustoreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior.Iseetheterm“opponent〞asoneofthosewords.Perhapsthetimehascometodeleteitfromsportsterms.〔本篇屬于關(guān)于社會(huì)生活方面的立論文。作者從語(yǔ)言心理學(xué)的角度，分析了當(dāng)今體育賽場(chǎng)上運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)各種粗魯行為的根源。文章以各種賽場(chǎng)粗話(huà)開(kāi)頭，第二段開(kāi)始對(duì)這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行剖析，認(rèn)為粗話(huà)可以導(dǎo)致賽場(chǎng)流血事件的發(fā)生，人們的言語(yǔ)用詞會(huì)影響其行為，指出“對(duì)手〞一詞就是其中的一個(gè)例子?！?7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthor’sview?[定位與替換]此題詢(xún)問(wèn)以下哪項(xiàng)陳述最能表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)。作者的觀點(diǎn)，一般定位于文中第一人稱(chēng)的陳述。據(jù)此此題定位至第二段的第三、四句“Butlet’snotkidourselves.Theyhavebeenknowntoinfluencebehaviorinsuchawayastoleadtorealbloodshed.〞，注意這里的“Butlet’snot…〞就是作者在發(fā)表看法“但我們不應(yīng)該…〞。同時(shí)要注意第四句中的“They〞指代什么，根據(jù)上文可推斷是指“Thesearecommonremarks〞中的“theseremarks〞，也就是第一段中的那些粗話(huà)。搞清楚指代后，再看所定位的第四句“Theyhavebeenknownto…〞〔它們被認(rèn)為…〕，便可知道這就是作者的觀點(diǎn)。考生平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)一定要注意訓(xùn)練自己正確識(shí)別指代的能力。關(guān)鍵詞及替換詞：第一段的粗話(huà)→theseremarks→They(havebeenknownto)→Thewords(peopleuse)。因此，正確選項(xiàng)為A)Thewordspeopleusecaninfluencetheirbehavior.人們使用的詞語(yǔ)會(huì)影響他們的行為。[干擾項(xiàng)分析]B)Unpleasantwordsinsportsareoftenusedbyforeignathletes外國(guó)運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)經(jīng)常使用體育比賽中的那些臟話(huà)；C)Aggressivebehaviorinsportscanhaveseriousconsequences.體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中進(jìn)攻性的行為可能產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果；D)Unfairjudgmentsbyrefereeswillleadtoviolenceonthesportsfield運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上裁判的不公正判罰將導(dǎo)致暴力行為的發(fā)生。這三個(gè)命題本身也許可以說(shuō)的通，但都不是文章中作者的觀點(diǎn)。解答此題的關(guān)鍵還是在于準(zhǔn)確的定位，考生通過(guò)此題應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)題目與文中內(nèi)容提供的線(xiàn)索準(zhǔn)確定位。58.Harshwordsarespokenduringgamesbecausetheplayers_________.[定位與替換]此題詢(xún)問(wèn)運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)在比賽中說(shuō)粗話(huà)是因?yàn)槭裁?。根?jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)Harshwords和spokenduringgames，可定位至兩處：(1)第二段第六、七句Ithasbeenshownthatwordshavingcertainconnotationsmaycauseustoreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior.Iseetheterm“opponent〞asoneofthosewords.〔現(xiàn)已說(shuō)明，具備某些含義的詞語(yǔ)會(huì)使我們以某些方式作出反響，這些方式與我們通常認(rèn)為的人道行為極為不同。我認(rèn)為“對(duì)手〞這個(gè)詞就是其中的一個(gè)?！?2)第三段第二句Thus,whenaplayermeetsanopponent,heorshemaytendtotreatthatopponentasanenemy.〔因此，當(dāng)一名選手遇到對(duì)手時(shí)，他或她可能會(huì)把這個(gè)對(duì)手當(dāng)成一名敵人?！秤蛇@兩處可見(jiàn)，把對(duì)手視為敵人就可能導(dǎo)致做出不人道的行為，包括說(shuō)粗話(huà)。文章定位處與題目〔及正確答案〕的同義轉(zhuǎn)換：toreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior→Harshwordsarespokenduringgames；opponent→rivals。因此，選擇B)treattheirrivalsasenemies〔運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)〕把他們的對(duì)手當(dāng)作敵人對(duì)待。[干擾項(xiàng)分析]A)aretooeagertowin〔運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)〕太想贏。第三段第三句曾提及“那時(shí)候，取勝欲會(huì)左右運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)的思想和行為，無(wú)論多么粗魯，他們都認(rèn)為是合理的。〞本干擾項(xiàng)就是利用它來(lái)設(shè)置的。但必須指出，不能忽略該句一開(kāi)始就指出的Atsuchtimes，說(shuō)明這一切都是有前提的，是發(fā)生在“那時(shí)候〞，即在“視對(duì)手為敵人〞的情況下。太想贏并不是運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)在比賽中說(shuō)粗話(huà)的根本原因；C)areusuallyshort-temperedandeasilyoffended〔運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)〕通常脾氣暴躁很容易被激怒；D)cannotaffordtobepoliteinfiercecompetition〔運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)〕在劇烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中無(wú)法保持禮貌。B和C項(xiàng)貌似合理，但都不是問(wèn)題根本原因所在。文章里沒(méi)有依據(jù)。

Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“opponent〞is“adversary〞:“enemy〞;“onewhoopposesyourinterests.〞(58)Thus,whenaplayermeetsanopponent,heorshemaytendtotreatthatopponentasanenemy.Atsuchtimes,winningmaydominateone’sintellect,andeveryaction,nomatterhowgross,maybeconsideredjustifiable.Irecallanincidentinahandballgamewhenarefereerefusedaplayer’srequestforatimeoutforaglovechangebecausehedidnotconsideredthenwetenough.(59)TheplayerproceededtorubhisglovesacrosshiswetT-shirtandthenexclaimed,“Aretheywetenoughnow?〞〔本段繼續(xù)對(duì)這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行剖析，認(rèn)為運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)把“對(duì)手〞視為“敵人〞的態(tài)度是導(dǎo)致其粗魯?shù)馁悎?chǎng)行為的根源，并舉例說(shuō)明。〕59.Whatdidthehandballplayerdowhenhewasnotallowedatimeouttochangehisgloves?[定位與替換]此題詢(xún)問(wèn)那位手球運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)沒(méi)被允許暫停去換手套時(shí)，他干了什么？根據(jù)題干中thehandballplayer，定位至第三段最后一句〔那位運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)走向前將手套在濕T恤上擦了擦，然后大聲叫喊：“現(xiàn)在夠濕了嗎？〕，只需將該句稍作改寫(xiě)，便可得到正確答案項(xiàng)D)HewethisglovesbyrubbingthemacrosshisT-shirt.他將手套在T恤上摩擦來(lái)弄濕它們。[干擾項(xiàng)分析]A)Heangrilyhittherefereewithaball.他憤怒地用球砸裁判；B)Herefusedtocontinuethegame.他拒絕繼續(xù)比賽；C)Heclaimedthattherefereewasunfair.他聲稱(chēng)那個(gè)裁判不公平。顯然這三項(xiàng)都與原文不符。Intheheatofbattle,playershavebeenobservedtothrowthemselvesacrossthecourtwithoutconsideringtheconsequencesthatsuchamovemighthaveonanyoneintheirway.(60)Ihavealsowitnessedaplayerreactingtohisopponent’sinternationalandillegalblockingbydeliberatelyhittinghimwiththeballashardashecouldduringthecourseofplay.Offthecourt,theyaregoodfriends.Doesthatmakeanysense?Itcertainlygivesproofofacourtattitudewhichdepartsfromnormalbehavior.〔本段舉例說(shuō)明了運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)在賽場(chǎng)上的各種粗暴行為，并指出場(chǎng)下他們之間的友好關(guān)系，進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了這是一種不同于正常行為的“球場(chǎng)姿態(tài)〞〕60.Accordingtothepassage,players,inagame,may_________.[定位與替換]此題詢(xún)問(wèn)根據(jù)這篇文章，運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)在比賽中會(huì)有什么樣的舉動(dòng)。由題干的players,inagame可定位至第四段第二句：我親眼看到比賽中一位球員盡其所能地成心用球重?fù)魧?duì)手，以此來(lái)對(duì)付對(duì)手的越界和阻擋犯規(guī)。hitting…withtheball→throwtheballat…；duringthecourseofplay→inagame。正確選項(xiàng)為C)deliberatelythrowtheballatanyoneillegallyblockingtheirway成心地將球砸向違規(guī)阻擋他們前進(jìn)的任何人。[干擾項(xiàng)分析]A)kicktheballacrossthecourtwithforce用力踢球穿過(guò)球場(chǎng)。B)liedownonthegroundasanactofprotest躺在地上以示抗議；D)keeponscreamingandshoutingthroughoutthegame在比賽中一直又喊又叫；這三項(xiàng)在文章中都找不到依據(jù)。(61)Therefore,Ibelieveitistimeweelevated(提升)thegametothelevelwhereitbelongstherebysettinganexampletotherestofthesportingworld.Replacingtheterm“opponent〞with“associate〞couldbeanidealwaytostart.Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“associate〞is“colleague〞;“friend〞;“companion.〞Reflectamoment!Youmaysoonseeandpossiblyfeelthedifferenceinyourreactiontotheterm“associate〞r(shí)atherthan“opponent.〞〔在最后兩段中，作者呼吁改變運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)在賽場(chǎng)上的這種錯(cuò)誤行為，把“對(duì)手〞看成是“同事〞而不是“敵人〞，并表達(dá)了自己對(duì)這種轉(zhuǎn)變的信心。在本篇文章的閱讀理解中，考生要著重學(xué)會(huì)用“第一人稱(chēng)原那么〞定位作者觀點(diǎn)的方法?！?1.Theauthorhopestohavethecurrentsituationinsportsimprovedby__________.[定位與替換]此題詢(xún)問(wèn)作者希望通過(guò)什么方式來(lái)改善體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的當(dāng)前狀況。根據(jù)題意，運(yùn)用“第一人稱(chēng)原那么〞定位至第五段：因此，我認(rèn)為是我們將比賽提升到它本應(yīng)屬于的那個(gè)層次的時(shí)候了，從而給體育界其余領(lǐng)域樹(shù)立一個(gè)典范。將“對(duì)手〞這個(gè)詞替換為“同事〞，可能是一個(gè)理想的開(kāi)端。這里指出了應(yīng)該將“對(duì)手〞的這一錯(cuò)誤定位轉(zhuǎn)換為“同事〞的這一正確定位。Replacingtheterm“opponent〞with“associate〞→changingtheattitude。故正確選項(xiàng)為D)changingtheattitudeofplayersonthesportsfield改變運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上選手的態(tài)度。[干擾項(xiàng)分析]A)regulatingtherelationshipbetweenplayersandreferees協(xié)調(diào)選手和裁判之間的關(guān)系。B)callingonplayerstousecleanlanguageonthecourt號(hào)召運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)在賽場(chǎng)上使用文明用語(yǔ)；C)raisingthereferee’ssenseofresponsibility提高裁判的責(zé)任感；注意這些干擾項(xiàng)只是在“治標(biāo)〞，只能起到局部改善的作用，絕非“治本〞之道。更重要的是它們都不是作者的觀點(diǎn)?！局攸c(diǎn)單詞】innocenta.清白的，無(wú)罪的，無(wú)辜的，無(wú)害的，天真的，無(wú)知的〔常與of連用〕kidn.①小山羊②小孩,年輕人v.戲弄,哄騙,開(kāi)玩笑foreigna.①外國(guó)的,外國(guó)來(lái)的,外國(guó)產(chǎn)的②對(duì)外的,涉外的③外來(lái)的,異質(zhì)的④(常與to連用)無(wú)關(guān)的humanistica.人文主義的opponentn.①敵手，對(duì)手②反對(duì)者deletevt.刪除sportsa.①運(yùn)動(dòng)的,有關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)的②非正式的,式樣簡(jiǎn)便的(穿著)termn.①專(zhuān)用名詞,術(shù)語(yǔ)②期限,期間③學(xué)期④[pl.](合同或協(xié)議書(shū)的)條款,條件⑤[pl.]關(guān)系vt.把…稱(chēng)為,把…叫做[真題]Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly____familiaritywithtechnology.A)inquestofB)bymeansofC)intermsofD)byvirtueof[CET-6:1999,6][譯文]這位年輕人被音響吸引不能僅僅用熟悉技術(shù)來(lái)解釋。dominatevt.①在…中占首要地位②支配，統(tǒng)治，控制③高于，俯視vi.處于支配地位，擁有優(yōu)勢(shì)[真題]Thisbookexpectedto_______thebest-sellerlists.A)exemplifyB)promoteC)prevailD)dominate[CET-6:2000,1][譯文]預(yù)期這本書(shū)將占銷(xiāo)售排行榜首位。intellectn.①智力,智能,才智②智者grossa.①總的,毛的②嚴(yán)重的,顯著的③粗俗的,粗野的④臃腫的n.總額,總量vt.總共賺得[例句]GDPstandsforGrossDomesticProduct.GDP是國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的縮寫(xiě)。justifiablea.有理由的proceedvi.①進(jìn)行,繼續(xù)下去②(沿特定路線(xiàn))行進(jìn),(朝特定方向)前進(jìn)[真題]Theworkwasalmostcompletewhenwereceivedordersto______nofurtherwithit.A)progressB)proceedC)marchD)promote[CET-4:2024,6][譯文]我們接到不必繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的命令時(shí),工作幾乎已經(jīng)完成。exclaimv.呼喊,驚叫,大聲叫[真題]Thewinningteamloudly______itsvictory.A)magnifiedB)proclaimedC)signifiedD)exclaimed[CET-6:1994,1][譯文]贏了的隊(duì)大聲為勝利歡呼。movevt.①移動(dòng),搬動(dòng),開(kāi)動(dòng),推動(dòng)②感動(dòng),煽動(dòng)③提議,動(dòng)議④動(dòng)搖,使改變主意vi.①動(dòng),移動(dòng),行動(dòng),前進(jìn)②遷移,搬家③進(jìn)展④動(dòng)議,提議n.①動(dòng)作,行動(dòng),步驟②移動(dòng),搬家,遷居③走棋witnessn.①目擊者,見(jiàn)證人②證據(jù),證言vt.①目擊②為…作證,證明vi.作證,成為證據(jù)[真題]Thelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury______thesteadyimprovementinthemeansoftravel.A)haswitnessedB)waswitnessedC)witnessedD)iswitnessed[CET-4:1998,6][譯文]十九世紀(jì)后半葉,(人們)目睹了交通工具的穩(wěn)步開(kāi)展。intentionala.有意的,成心的deliberatelyadv.成心地reflectv.①反射②反映,顯示,表現(xiàn)③深思,反省【必背搭配】動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配：departfrom(normalbehavior)背離(正常舉止)動(dòng)詞與名詞搭配：makeremarks進(jìn)行評(píng)論refusearequest拒絕要求giveproofof證明,對(duì)…予以證明setanexampleto給…樹(shù)立典范形容詞與名詞搭配：sportingevents體育賽事grossaction粗俗的行為sportingworld體育界,體壇形容詞與介詞搭配：foreignto與…無(wú)關(guān)的介詞與名詞搭配：intheheatof在…最劇烈的時(shí)候inone’sway以(某人的)方式名詞與介詞搭配：consequencesonsb.對(duì)某人(產(chǎn)生)的后果【參考譯文】“撕碎他們!〞“那傻子去死吧！〞“殺死裁判！〞這些都是我們?cè)诟鞣N體育賽事上經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到的話(huà)。這些話(huà)說(shuō)出口的時(shí)候可能并沒(méi)有惡意，但我們不要自欺欺人。我們知道這些言語(yǔ)會(huì)影響人們的行為并釀成真正的流血事件。已經(jīng)有好幾本論述言語(yǔ)對(duì)我們的影響。據(jù)說(shuō)明，具有某些含義的詞語(yǔ)可能會(huì)使人產(chǎn)生一些反響，而我們認(rèn)為這些反響是違背我們通常的人性化的行為的。我本人認(rèn)為“對(duì)手〞這一詞語(yǔ)就是具有此類(lèi)傾向的，也許是到了該將“對(duì)手〞這個(gè)詞從體育競(jìng)技的術(shù)語(yǔ)中刪除掉的時(shí)候了。“對(duì)手〞這個(gè)詞的字典意思是“反對(duì)的人〞，“敵人〞，“與你利益相反的人〞。因此，當(dāng)一個(gè)運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)碰到對(duì)手的時(shí)候，他或她會(huì)將對(duì)手看作敵人。在那時(shí)，獲勝的欲望可能支配他的思想，他的每一個(gè)行為，不管那是多么粗俗，也可能被認(rèn)為是無(wú)可厚非的。我回想起在一次手球比賽中發(fā)生的事情，一個(gè)球員要求到場(chǎng)外更換手套，但是裁判員認(rèn)為他的手套沒(méi)有濕到必須更換的程度，所以拒絕了他。該球員便將手套往他自己濕溜溜的運(yùn)動(dòng)衫上擦來(lái)擦去，然后大吼道：“現(xiàn)在足夠濕了吧？〞在比賽的白熱化階段，人們注意到球員從球場(chǎng)的這頭狂奔到球場(chǎng)那頭，根本就沒(méi)有考慮到他這樣的動(dòng)作會(huì)對(duì)阻擋他的其他球員產(chǎn)生什么樣的后果。還有一次我看到過(guò)一個(gè)球員在比賽中因?yàn)閷?duì)方的一個(gè)有意犯規(guī)阻擋，而成心使足了力氣把球砸向?qū)Ψ?。在?chǎng)下，他們是好朋友。這說(shuō)明了什么？當(dāng)然，它證明了，體育場(chǎng)上的態(tài)度背離了正常行為。因而，我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在是該把競(jìng)技比賽提升到它應(yīng)有水平上的時(shí)候了，這樣可以為其他體育工程樹(shù)立典范。用“合作者〞替代“對(duì)手〞可能是一個(gè)理想的開(kāi)始?！昂献髡擗曉谧值渲械慕忉屖恰巴篓暎芭笥穴?，“伙伴〞。思考一下這些詞，你可能很快就能看到，并可能感覺(jué)到“合作者〞這個(gè)詞會(huì)給你帶來(lái)不同于“對(duì)手〞的反響。PassageTwo IsthereenoughoilbeneaththeArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge(保護(hù)區(qū))(A