高中英語必修三之名詞性從句

Grammarandusage名詞性從句NounClauses2024/3/21高考鏈接2024/3/22Justhaveago.Canyouchoosethebestanswertoeachsentencefrom07NMET?1.Byimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreof______youread.〔2007上海春〕A.that B.what C.which D.whether2.Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake________itis.〔2007天津〕A.whatB.whichC.howD.where3.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s______thebestjobsare.〔2007浙江〕A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why2024/3/234.Youcanonlybesureof_________youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.〔2007安徽〕A.that;what B.what;/ C.which;thatD./;that5.—Where’sthatreport?—Ibroughtittoyou____youwereinMr.Black’sofficeyesterday.〔2007北京〕A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.before2024/3/246.Itisnoneofyourbusinessotherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.〔2007福建〕A.howB.whatC.which D.when7.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and_________allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.〔2007湖南〕A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where2024/3/25CanyoudistinguishTHAT-CLAUSEinthetwosentences?1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.

2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.2024/3/26在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句(NounClauses)。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞從句2024/3/27Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語表語

{2024/3/28

{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.賓語同位語

{2024/3/29

1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder____youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what主語從句賓語從句Practice2024/3/2103.Thisis_____hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth____theearth____aroundthesun.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move表語從句同位語從句2024/3/211Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn’tseeanything.ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem.AppositiveClause(同位語從句)SubjectClause(主語從句)ObjectClause(賓語從句)PredicativeClause(表語從句)2024/3/2121

That

hewillsucceediscertain.2

Whether

hewillgothereisnotknown.3

What

hesaidisnottrue.4

Where

hehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5

Whoever

comesiswelcome.6How

wecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussedatthemeeting.7

When

they’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.SubjectClause主語從句2024/3/213為防止主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey’llstarttheproject.“It”

isusedas

emptysubject形式主語2024/3/214It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…

很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……It’ssaid/reportedthat…

據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道……Itseems/appears/happensthat…顯然、明顯、碰巧......It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已經(jīng)通知/宣布……It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/無疑……It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge

(眾所周知)/

acommonsaying

(俗話說)

that…在下列句型中常使用that引導(dǎo)主語從句2024/3/215賓語從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語成分(可以作謂語動詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語動詞的賓語)Theyknow

that

thehabitwillkillthem.Italldependson

whethertheywillsupportus.Heasked

howmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemade

it

cleartothepublic

that

hedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.

Ifind

it

necessary

that

weshoulddothehomework.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses.that,whether,if(that?？墒÷?who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow賓語從句連詞2024/3/216當(dāng)whether后緊跟or/ornot時(shí),不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.

注意1.Whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句2024/3/217

在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語)的句型中不省略Wemustmake

it

clear

thatwemeanwhatwesay.由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,第二個(gè)that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldcome

andthathewouldcomeontime.2.that在賓語從句中的省略與保留2024/3/218Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’s

whyIwaslate.表語從句:在句中充當(dāng)表語成分，一般放在連系動詞之后。作用：對主語進(jìn)行解釋說明。表語從句2024/3/219連接詞when/where/why/how/becausethat/whether/asif/asthough(if不引導(dǎo)表語從句)連接代詞who/whom/whose/which/what連接副詞2024/3/220同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等)后面，對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明。同位語從句常用that引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when/where/why/how/whether1)Theidea

thatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)

WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect(視察)them.3)Sydneykepthispromise

thathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.同位語從句2024/3/2211.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._______________________________________________Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.2024/3/2224.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.________ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline._______________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.____________________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime

iswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.2024/3/223DotheExercise2024/3/224分析以下賓語從句中的連詞Idon’tdoubt〔that〕youwillsucceed.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.3個(gè)句子中的連詞that,whether,if〔是否〕在名詞性從句中只起連接作用，在句中不擔(dān)任成分,被稱為連接詞注意：A.that本身無意義，在賓語從句中可以省略，但在別的三種名詞性從句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意義，在賓語從句中二者通?？梢曰Q。但whether可以用于所有的四種名詞性從句，而if僅可以用于賓語從句。引導(dǎo)名詞從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接詞2024/3/225一、名詞性從句的語序〔1〕名詞性從句構(gòu)成有兩種a.That+陳述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.

Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納b.疑問詞+句子的剩余成分2024/3/226(2)疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述句語序，不能用一般疑問句語序。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()

Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？

FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。

Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()

Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()2024/3/227二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用(1)that和what的選用that和what都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句。但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。2024/3/228that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.

WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat2024/3/229

a.主語從句

b.表語從句

c.同位語從句

e.介詞后的賓語從句

f.whethertodo做動詞賓語不能用iftodo.

g.whetherornot連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)不用if.if和whether的選用不能使用if的情況：2024/3/230

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

6.Thequestionis________heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion

________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

8.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif/whether2024/3/231其它連接代詞和副詞的連用主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義，正確的選擇who、which、when、where、why、

how

等連接詞，這些連接詞既具有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。

2024/3/232我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動會還沒有決定。

________weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.

我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。

Idon’tknow________broketheglassyesterday.

我不知道他長的什么樣子。

Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.

這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。

Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.

Whenwhowhatwhere2024/3/233that可省略的情況：

that不可省略的情況：

主語從句

表語從句

同位語從句

用it做形式賓語的賓語從句

并列的賓語從句中的后幾個(gè)從句的

引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略引導(dǎo)詞that的省略單個(gè)賓語從句中的that可省略2024/3/2341.Idon’tthink_______sheiscoming.

2.Itisapity_______hehasmadesuchamistake.

3.Thereasonis_______heiscareless.

4.Thenews_______ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.

5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_____youshouldreadEnglishaloud.

6.Hetoldme______hisfatherhaddiedand_____hehadtomakealivingalone.

(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatthat/(that)2024/3/2351.同位語從句的格式：2.能接同位語從句的名詞有：3.連接詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用

三、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別n.+連接詞+從句fact,idea,

news,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等

whether,what,when,where等來引導(dǎo)同位語從句。2024/3/2361.Ihavenoidea_______hecomesfrom.

2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_____hegotthemoney.

3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_______weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.

4.Ihavenodoubt______hewillwin.

5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.wherehowthatthatwhetherthat/whether/where/how2024/3/2371.定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分，充當(dāng)從句的賓語成分時(shí)可省略。2.同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明，說明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在同位語從句中不做任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別2024/3/238Weexpressedthehope

thattheyhadexpressed.2.Weexpressedthehope

thattheywouldcometoChinaagain.1.Theinformationhasbeenannounced

thatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.

2.Theinformation

thatherevealedatthemeeting

isofgreatvalue.ATAPAPATAttributiveorAppositive2024/3/239HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.名詞demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣,結(jié)構(gòu)為should+do,should可省略

2024/3/240a.他相信他的夢想總有一天會實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

Hebelieves_______________________________.

b.請告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么。

Pleasetellme_______________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomedayatthistimeyesterday

賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)1.如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài)。whatyouweredoing2024/3/241他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。

Hetoldme________________________________.他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。

Hetoldme_________________________________.

老師告訴我們光是沿直線運(yùn)行的。

Theteachertoldus_________________________.hewaspreparingfortheexamination

hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyearslighttravelsinastraightline2.如果主句謂語是過去時(shí),從句謂語動詞一般用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài),但從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然規(guī)律等時(shí),從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

2024/3/2421.Thereason_____wedidn'ttrusthimwas______heoftenlied．2.Thereason____hegaveforhisabsentwas______hewasill.reason后面的表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用why引導(dǎo),但reason后面的定語從句可以用why或者that引導(dǎo)。在名詞性從句中，我們還須特別注意以下問題：whythatthatthat2024/3/2432024/3/2441.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.thatChoosethebestanswer2024/3/2454.Thenews___surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovesto

befalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome___someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which2024/3/2467.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how8.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that9.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because2024/3/24710.___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because11.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif2024/3/24812.Itisknowntous___wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that13.Ihavetheinformation____.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon2024/3/24914.---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---____itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak15.Itremainsaquestion____wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what2024/3/25016.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes,doyouknow____?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes17.Hemadeapromise___anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif2024/3/25118.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand____mademattersworsewas___nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what2024/3/2521.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.what