閱讀理解猜測詞義課件

閱讀理解猜測詞義課件.ppt２００7年高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求

要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如科技小品、新聞報(bào)道、人物傳記、史地文化、公告、說明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章?？忌鷳?yīng)能：１、理解主旨要義；２、理解文中具體信息；

３、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；４、作出判斷和推理；５、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；６、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。2002—2006年閱讀理解試題分類情況題目設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)量20022003200420052006試題設(shè)計(jì)分類事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題3511411主旨大意題33332詞義猜測題44414推理判斷題97293識(shí)圖計(jì)算題11上下文構(gòu)詞法猜測詞意閱讀理解之猜測詞意un-,dis-,im-,non-:uncertain,disagree,impractical,nonsensepre-,fore-:,preview,foresee,tele-:telescope,telegram,auto-:autobicycle,autoboat,autobusbi-:bicycle,biplane,

tri-:

triangle,tricolortrans-:transform,transplant,transportanti-:anti-poison,anti-socialre-:repay,review,rearrange,rewrite反義前綴不切實(shí)際的廢話前的，先的預(yù)見；預(yù)知遠(yuǎn)程的自行；自動(dòng)有二的三雙翼飛機(jī)三色旗轉(zhuǎn)變；轉(zhuǎn)移抵抗；排斥

不喜社交的歸還；回報(bào)out-,over-外圍；超越

:overcoat,overwork,outstanding,outplay打?。粍龠^-er,-or:silencer消音器,

newcomer,governor,-tion,-sion:hesitation,persuasion,說服力-ment:disappointment,amazement吃驚,measurement-ness:weakness,restlessness,不安；不平靜exactness,eagerness熱切；-ful,-less:mouthful,homeless,priceless無價(jià)的；極貴重的-en,-fy:sharpen使尖銳strengthen,satisfy,-ive:instructive,progressive,decisive-ish:childish,feverish,selfish,greenish●信號(hào)詞：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas，定語從句以及破折號(hào)等Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthruststheskinandthendrinksblood.

Oneofitsmostobviouscharactersisitssmartness,whichhasmadetheanimalanotorious（臭名昭著的）pest.1、定義或解釋說明蚊子精明；狡猾刺進(jìn)；插入害蟲；有害的動(dòng)物2、對(duì)比關(guān)系

信號(hào)詞:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ononehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等

ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.污穢的節(jié)約的3、因果關(guān)系

信號(hào)詞:

because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverisso

turbid

thatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.彈性的混濁的4、舉例法

信號(hào)詞:

such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistofCarsmusthavecertainsafetydevices

suchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽裝置灌溉有牙齒的5、重述

信號(hào)詞:or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway,i.e.

Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.

Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.6、同義詞、近義詞

信號(hào)詞:

or,like,as…as,thesameasThenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostas

plump

asmother,andmuchshorter.取代圓胖的,7、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),生活常識(shí),邏輯推理Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipple

spreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.波紋膨脹冷縮

麻藥8.根據(jù)生詞所在的上下文猜測詞義例題：1.Tomcan’tplaytennisnowbecausehecan’tfindhiswhitesneakers.C.shoes2.Janeisusuallypromptforallherclasses，butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclassyesterday.A．lateB．ontimeC．pleasedadj.敏捷的,迅速的,即時(shí)的adv.準(zhǔn)時(shí)地A.moneyB.bowls06年高考題：ReadingatRiskmerelyshowsagreatculturalchange

thatmostAmericanshavealreadynoted---oursociety’sgreatturntoelectronicmediaforentertainmentandinformation.61.Theunderlinedphrase“culturalchange”inpara2referstothechange____.A.fromoralculturetoelectronicmediaB.fromprintculturetoelectronicmediaC.fromelectronicmediatooralcultureD.fromelectronicmediatoprintculture

Howhasthecoyoteshownthisextraordinaryability?“Iguessifyouwantedtouseoneword,it’dbe‘plasticity’,”saysEricGase,anexpertatUtahStateUniversity.Coyotescanlivealone,inpairs,orinlargepackslikewolves;huntatnightorduringtheday;occupyasmallregionoranareaupto40squaremiles,andliveonallsortsoffood,fromlizards(蜥蜴）andshoes,toantsandmelons.

63.Theunderlinedword”plasticity”inpara2refersto________.A.theabilitytofittheenvironmentB.notorioussmartnessC.huntingabilityD.beinghuman-tolerantSheappearedasthesymbolofAmericanculturallife,tryinghardtofolloweverynewdevelopmentinliterature,filmandart.Withgreateffortandseriousjudgment.Sontagwalkedatthelatestedgesofworldculture.71.TheunderlinedsentenceinPara1meansSontag______.A.wasasymbolofAmericanculturallifeB.developedworldliterature,filmandartC.publishedmanyessaysaboutworldcultureD.keptpacewiththenewestdevelopmentofworldcultureAccordingtodeputyfirechiefSteveClyatt,possiblythefirestartedbecauseofaninadequateextensioncordusedonawindowairconditioner.Morethanhalfofthehomewasburneddown.Therewasextensivesmokeandwaterdamageintheremainderofthestructure.Estimatesforrepaircostswereunavailable.“I’dsayit’sunlikelytheywillrecoverthis,butI’vebeensurprisedbefore,”Clyattsaid.It’sawonderthatSealssurvivedthefire.Thehousewasbadlydamaged.Suchabadfirewasseldomseen.Chatoisaverycleverdog.LisaWarrenthoughtshehaditmade.Shewas16andhadherownsportycar.Butbeforeshehadachancetoburnrubber,herdadMarkandhiselectricalengineerfellowworkersdevelopedawaytomakesureLisadidnotbecomeajuniorroadwarrior(勇士).

Theunderlinedpart“burnrubber”means_____.bringaboutanaccidentdrivetooquicklyexaminethecartyresheatthecartyres選擇猜詞題注意:

1.特別注重猜其意義,較少注重猜其詞形.

2.特別注重猜其深層含義或比喻義.

3.特別注重利用猜詞技巧尤其是上下文的運(yùn)用.

4.要仔細(xì)對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的異同.Fromthisresearchabouttastes,welearnsomeinterestingthingsaboutsuper–tasters.Foronething,super-tastershavemoretastebuds(味蕾)ontheirtongues.And,tosuper-tastersbitterfoodstasteverybitter,andsweetfoodstasteverysweet.Super-tastersmightalsonotlikespicyfoodmadewithchilipepper,becauseitwouldbetoohotforthem.Findinthepassageawordclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordspicy.

73.Hot.ProfessorSabbatuccireceivedhundredsofcallsfrompeoplehopingtotrickhimintohandingthemthecash.Buttherewasonevoiceherecognized-----notrefusingtomeettheman,hearrangedtomeethiminapark.Therobber,a35-year-oldunemployedfatheroftwo,gavebackthesuitcaseandburstintotears.Hecouldnotbelievewhatwashappening.“Whydidn’tyoukeepthe