2023年江西省上饒市高考英語(yǔ)一模試卷及答案解析

2023年江西省上饒市高考英語(yǔ)一模試卷

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）

A

GuidetoStockholmUniversityLibrary

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B

IfartpreservesthecultureoftheCrowpeople,thenCrowwomenarethekeepersofthatculture,

developingittoreflectthemodernday.

FashiondesignerBethanyYellowtailgrewupridinghorsesandrunninginthefieldsandswimming

intheriverandbeingaroundherpeopleintheCrowNationandNorthernCheyenneIndianreservations

insoutheasternMontana.Sheknowsfirst-handtheimportanceofarttomaintainingnativetraditions.In2

015sheturnedthatknowledgeintoherownbrand：B.Yellowtail.Ayearlater,

shecreatedtheB.YellowtailCollective,madeupofnativeartists,

tofostereconomicopportunitiesfortheircommunities.Manyofthoseartistsarewomenfromdifferenttr

ibesbutallofthempreservetheircultureandmoveitforwardthroughtheirmediumofchoice.

Yellowtailandherteamworkforthenative-ownedbusinessthat,srootedincommunity.Artistswithi

ntheCollectivetypicallyreceive70%ofprofitfromretail（零售）sales,

andforaportionofthepandemicthebrandhasuppedthatto100%.Theextramoneyhas,ofcourse,

increasedartists*incomeinthepastyear,buttherelationshipisinterdependent：

withouttheworkofthoseartists,B.Yellowtailwouldn'texistandnativeculturewouldfeeltheloss.

DewandaLittleCoyoteisYellowtaiΓsmother.Familyisdeeplyimportanttotheirtribe.Soisart,

whichoftenrunsinthefamily-andalongthematriarchal（母系

的）side.LittleCoyotepickedupherentrepreneurial（企業(yè)家的）spiritfromherparents,

whoownedagiftshop."Myparentssaid,,Ifyouhavehands,createsomething.Dosomething,

andmakealivingoffofthat,,πshesaid.Afterherparentspassedaway,

theartistbeganlearningbeading（串珠）earringsherself.Dentalium,

atuskshelloftenusedinnativejewelry,caughthereyeinparticular.,'Iloveit,

becausebackinthedayourCheyennewomenworealotofdentalium,

',shesaid."SoIwantedtogiveacontemporarylooktothat一towhatourancestorswore.

YellowtailherselflearnedsewingfromherauntsandgrandmothersbeforemovingtoLosAngelin2

007tostudyfashiondesign.Now,nativewomensupportnativewomen-andmatriarchalartevolves.

4.WhydidBethanyYellowtailsetupB.Yellowtail?___

A.Tomaketheirculturecontinue.

B.Tobecomerichassoonaspossible.

C.Toreflectthemodemfashions.

D.Toinspiremorewomentowork.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?___

A.Native-ownedbusinessesmakemoneymoreeasily.

B.TheprofitfromtheCollectivehasfallensharply.

C.Localartistslovetoworkintheircommunity.

D.Artists'incomeisrelatedtothedevelopmentofnativeculture.

6.WhyisDewandaLittleCoyotementionedinthetext?___

A.Toproveshelovesherdaughterdeeply.

B.Toshowhownativecultureishandeddown.

C.Topraisehereffortstohelptheyoung.

D.Toappealtomorewomentojoininjewelrydesign.

7.WhatkindofpersonisBethanyYellowtail?___

A.Humorous,modestandcooperative.

B.Traditional,cautiousandoutgoing.

C.Independent,competitiveandambitious.

D.Creative,determinedandselfless.

C

ResearchersoutofAustralia'sFlindersUniversityrecentlystudiedvariousphysicalreactionsduringslee

pwhenexposedtonoise.Theyfoundthatcertainlevelsofnoisewhilesleeping,

eventhosebelowrecommendedsafelevels,mayaffectaperson'scardiovascular（心血管的）

response.Whenslowlyactivatedduringsleep,

theseresponses"couldpotentiallyhaveadverseeffectsonthecardiovascularsystem,"saidresearchers.

Researchersexposed20adultparticipantstovariousdecibels（分貝）

ofwindfarmandroadnoisewhileasleep,

andthenmonitoredphysicalresponsesincludingbloodflowandheartratesaswellassleepawakenings.

Althoughasleep,participantsreactedtothesenoises,asfoundbytheresearchers.

Forexample,a48-decibel（dB）noise,whichisquieterthanthe50-dBhumofarefrigerator,

was3.4timesmorelikelytocauseachangeinparticipants1pulsewaveamplitude（脈搏波振幅）,

whichisameasurementthatrelatestobloodflow.Participants*heartratesrespondedtothenoiseaswell.

Afterbeingexposedtoanoiseofover40dB,

theyexperiencedanincreasefollowedbyadecreaseintheirheartrates.Thestudynotedthatthesesound

levelsareundertherecommended70dBlimitbytheWorldHealthOrganization.

Physiologicalreactionsthatthestudymonitored,suchasheartratesandbloodflow,mayrootinthe

properresponsesthatmaybe"potentiallyneededtodefendagainstthreatsduringsleep,

uresearcherssaid.

Sleepistypicallyatimeforthebodytorestandrecover,

andnoise-causedactivationofthesecardiovascularresponsesduringsleepmaypreventapersonfromge

ttingtheproperamountofhealthysleeptheyneed.

Researchersnotedthatbeingexposedtonoisepollutionduringsleepmayincreasetheriskofcardio

vasculardisease,suchashypertension,heartdisease,

andotherharmfulhealtheffects.Tohelpreducethepotentialincreasedhealthriskscausedbyfrequentn

oise-causedsleepdisturbances,

researchersnotethattheirfindingshelpcreatepublicpoliciesaroundnoiselevelsduringsleep.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"adverse"inthefirstparagraphmean?___

A.Positive.B.Obvious.C.Harmful.D.Common.

9.WhichofthefollowingwillNOTreacttothenoises?

A.Pulsewaveamplitude.B.Senseofsafetyandduty.

C.Bloodflowandheartrates.D.Possiblesleepawakening.

10.Whatdoresearchershopetoseeaftertheirfindings?___

A.Allpeoplecanrestandrecoverinnoise-freeenvironments.

B.Physiologicalreactionscanbemonitoredformostpeople.

C.Frequentnoise-causedsleepdisturbanceswilldisappearsoon.

D.Officialpoliciescanbeputonnoisepollutiontoguaranteebettersleep.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?___

A.Noiseduringsleepaffectsyourheart.C.Noisepollutionduringsleepwillbebanned.

B.Noise-freesleepischangingyourlife.D.Variousphysicalreactionsariseduringsleep.

D

ScotCase,VicePresidentoftheenvironmentalmarketingfirmTerraChoice,

wasnothappy.Caselastyearsenthisresearchersintoabig-boxretailstoretoevaluatethegreenadvertis

ingclaimsofsomeoftheproductsonitsshelves.Theresultswereshocking,ofthe1,

018productsTerraChoicesurveyed,allbutonefailedtoliveupfullytotheirgreenboasts.

Hecouldn'tbelievetheresult,andhadhisteamredothesurvey,

buttheresultscamebackthesame."Itjustshowswe,reawashingreenwash."Hesaid.

Manyconsumersmaynothaveheardthetermgreenwashing,

butthey,vesurelyexperiencedit——misleadingmarketingabouttheenvironmentalbenefitsofaproduct.

Greenwashingisn'tnew—eversincetheenvironmentwasanissueintheearly1970s.Asgoinggreenha

sbecomebigbusiness,

environmentaladvocatesworrythattrulygreencompaniescouldgetlostinthesituation.

"Wehavesuchachallengeaheadofusonclimatechange,saysKevinTuerff,

aco-founderofthemarketingconsultancyEnviroMedia.uGreenwashingharmstheeffortweneedtobe

making."

Thefirststeptocleaningupgreenwashingistoidentifyit,

andTuerffandhispartnershavehitonaninnovativewaytospotlightparticularlyabnormalexamples.T

hey'velaunchedtheGreenwashingIndexawebsitethatallowsconsumerstopostadsthatmightbeexam

piesofgreenwashingandratethemonascaleof1to5-1isalittlegreenlie；Sisabiggreenlie.

It'sasimpledevice,

butitshowsthepoweroftheInternetouncovermisleadingadswithasimpleWebsearch,

anyconsumercanfindouttheindextheywanttoknow.Googlingisn'ttheonlywaytotakeoutthegreen

washing,

however.TheTerraChoicewebsiteoffersalistofwhatitcallsthe',sixsinsofgreenwashing',—sixsim

piesignsthatshouldremindconsumersofacompanythatismoreinterestedinsellingtheearththansavi

ngit.

,'Wehavebettergreenproductsbutalotofexaggerated（夸張的）claims,

usaysCase."Thatcouldbeenoughtodestroythewholegreenmovement"—andthat,snotalittlegreen

lie.

12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutgreenwashing?___

A.Itisharmfulfortheenvironment.

B.Itisaspecialwaytowashsoastosavewater.

C.Itisenvironment-friendlysoitshouldbeadvocated.

D.Itisbeneficialforboththeconsumersandthecompanies.

13.Whichmeasureshouldbeusedtotacklethegreenwashing?___

A.Holdinghearingstotellgenuineenvironmentalclaimsfromfalseones.

B.LaunchingtheGreenwashingIndexawebsitetoexposegreenwashing.

C.Offeringalistofusixsinsofgreenwashing"forcompanies'reference.

D.UpdatingGreenGuideforconsumerswhichhasn'tchangedsince1998.

14.WhichofthefollowingshowsNOsignofgreenwashing?___

A.Organicproductsbutwithoutanycertificates.

B.Energy-efficientproductsmadeofharmfulmaterial.

C.Foodwhichislowinnutritionbuthighincalorie.

D.Pesticideswhicharesaidtobeenvironment-friendly.

15.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?___

A.Theeffortonenvironmentalprotection.

B.Theadvocationofgreenadvertisements.

C.Thedistinctionbetweengreenproductsandcommonones.

D.Thedistinctionbetweenrealenvironmentalclaimsandfalseones.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共10.0分)

"Alwayswearsunscreen.u"Eatabalanceddiet.""Apennysavedisapennyearned."YouprobablyallIe

arnedtheselessonsasakid.Butchancesare,despiteknowingthese,

youstillsteppedoutsidewithoutputtingonsunscreen,

gulpedanentirebagofchipsinonegoorspentmoremoneythanyouhadexpected.(1)___It,sami

stakenideathatknowingishalfthebattle.Inmostsituations,

justknowingsomethingisnotnearlyenoughforyoutoputitintopractice.

(2)Behavioralscientistshaveseenpeoplestruggletosavemoney,tocutbackontheirexpenses,

evenafterthey,vetakenafinancialclass.Peopleknowwhattheyneedtodotoimprovetheirfinancialsit

uation-tosavemoreandspendless.Theybelievethatfinancialsecurityisjustaproblemthatcanbetau

ghttosolve.

(3)__Americaspendsnearly700milliondollarseveryyearonfinancialeducationprograms,

yetresearchershavefoundthattheseprogramsexplainedonly0.1%ofthechangeinfinancialbehavior.

(4)___Ifyouarestruggling,

it'snotbecausethere'ssomethingwrongwithyou.It'smostlikelybecausethereissomethingwrongwith

howyourenvironmentissetup.Lookaroundyou.Thesignalstospendmoneyhavegotsmarterandfast

er.(5)___Youcanreshapeyourenvironmentandhowyouinteractwithit.

A.Howtoaddressthat?

B.Butitisoftennotthecase.

C.Sowhatisthereasonforit?

0.Informationdoesn'talwayschangebehavior.

E.Behaviorchangeisnoteducationalpursuitbutanenvironmentalone.

F.Theyrefertofinancialeducationasawaythatcanmakemoneyforthem.

G.Targetedadsaregettingmorepersonalized；everythingaroundyouisfocusingonspending.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共30.0分)

WhileworkingasagraduatestudentinChicago,AndriaZafirakouwasgiventhemuchexhaustingjobof

collectingsurveydatainEllisAve,aspartofanacademicresearchproject.(21)sheapproacheda

passer-by,shethoughtshewouldhearthemtellherhowannoyedtheywere.Yetthebad

responses(22)came,manymorepeoplewere(23)toanswerthequestionnairesthanshe

had(24).

Wasitpossible,shewondered,thatmostofusarewrongabout(25)peoplewanttorespond

toourrequests?Overthefollowingdecade,sheconductedmultiplestudiesthat(26)thiswas

indeedthecase:undermanydifferent(27),peopleareoftenfarmorelikelyto(28)thanwe

assume.

(29).itseemedthattheresultsprovidedarefreshingly(30)viewofhumannature."It

startedasapositivething一itis(31)toknowthatpeoplearemorelikelytodothingsforyou

thanyouthink.,,However,withtimegoingbyandmorereflectionsontheresults,Andriahascome

to(32)thatherresultsreflectabroadertendencythatWeusually(33)howmuchinfluence

ourwordscanhave(34)others,whetherwe'reaskingthemto(35)actionsthataregoodor

bad.Peopleoftenagreetodowhattheyareaskedbecausetheyfindittoo(36)tosayno,even

whentheyfeeluncomfortablewithour(37).

Knowingthiscanhelpusunderstandhowourdemandsmight(38)other

people一particularlyintheworkplaceandhelpusadjustourrequestsaccordinglyinwaysthat

respectpeople's(39)andwithout(40)whattheyhavedoneforusforgranted.

21.A.OvertimeB.InnotimeC.EachtimeD.Attimes

22.A.oftenB.onceC.rarelyD.immediately

23.A.reluctantB.readyC.anxiousD.hesitant

24.A.recognizedB.requestedC.promisedD.expected

25.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.how

26.A.madeforB.markedoutC.madeoutD.madesure

27.A.occasionsB.situationsC.circumstancesD.cases

28.A.ignoreB.cooperateC.rejectD.complain

29.A.OnthesurfaceB.OnthewholeC.OnthecontraryD.

Onthego

30.A.neutralB.criticalC.negativeD.optimistic

31.A.strangeB.greatC.disappointingD.normal

32.A.denyB.doubtC.appreciateD.subscribe

33.A.underestimateB.overstateC.distinguishD.misuse

34.A.inB.withC.aboveD.on

35.A.imitateB.practiceC.measureD.perform

36.A.awkwardB.touchedC.surprisedD.amused

37.A.suggestionsB.requestsC.questsD.order

38.A.misleadB.impressC.infectD.affect

39.A.defenseB.assumptionsC.boundariesD.rudeness

40.A.ignoringB.takingC.goingD.bringing

四、語(yǔ)法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）

41.Goingagainstthetideofflockingtowell-knowntouristdestinationsonvacation,

(1)___growingnumberofholidaymakersinChinatendtospendtheirleisuretimeatlesser-kn

own(2)___(resort)toseekunique,relaxedholidayexperiences.Thiskindoftourism,

(3)___call)"ReverseTourism",

hasemerged(4)___anewtrendamongyoungholidaymakersinChina.Theyare

(5)(increasing)reluctanttofollowtheherd,someof

(6)aresimplylookingtotakearestsomewherequietforacoupleofdays.Unlike

(7)(popularity)destinations,someunderexploredplaceswithlittleonline(8)_____(expose)

canoffermoresu?prises.(9)___(give)arealboosttothetourismmarket,

itissuggestedthatmoreefforts(10)___(make)totapthepotentialofunderrated,

lesser-knowndestinations.

(I)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改錯(cuò)(本大題共1小題，共10.0分)

42.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師請(qǐng)你修改以下作文，文有中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。

每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(A),并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。

Ialwayshadadreamtobeafluencyspeaker.However,

suchshywasIthatIdidn'tdaretoutterawordinpublic.Thatwasjustbeyondmywildestimaginati

onwasthatfortuneshouldblessmewithachancetorealizemydream.Oneday,

myEnglishteacheraskedmetogotoherofficeandtoldmeIwasgivenanuniqueopportunitytota

kepartinanEnglishspeakingcompetition.Hearingthis,Icouldhardlyhidemyexcitement,

hopedtogiveitashotimmediately.Whenmakingpreparationforthecompetition,

?wrotemyspeechheartandsoul.Afterfinishingthecomposition,

IdiscusseditwithmyteacherandgotmuchadviceonhowtoimproveitUnderthehelpofmyEngl

ishteacher,

Ididn'tlosemyheartandmadegreatprogress.OnlythenIrealizethatitwasgreatbeneficialtoturn

toteachersforhelpwhenconfrontedwithdifficulties.

六、書(shū)面表達(dá)(本大題共1小題，共25.0分)

43.為慶祝"五一國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)"，學(xué)校英語(yǔ)報(bào)以"LaborEducationCounts”為題征稿，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇

英語(yǔ)短文，內(nèi)容包括：

(1)你的一次勞動(dòng)體驗(yàn)；

(2)談?wù)剟趧?dòng)教育的重要性。

詞數(shù)100左右；題目已為你寫(xiě)好

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】CxAxA

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ZOne部分中的ThegroUndfIOoriStheZoneWhereyoUCantalk.（一

樓是聊天區(qū)。）可知，在一樓，如果你想的話，可以隨心所欲地聊天。故選C。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Group-StudyPlaces部分中的Youcanusearoomthreehoursperday,

ninehoursatmostperweek.（你一天可以使用一個(gè)房間三小時(shí)，一周最多九小時(shí)。）可知，一天最

多使用學(xué)習(xí)室三小時(shí)。故選A。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)RUleStoBeFOlloWed部分中的

MobilephoneconversationsarenotpermittedanywhereintheIibrary-Keepyourphoneonsilentasifyo

uwereinalectureandexitthelibraryifyouneedtoreceiveCanS.（圖書(shū)館內(nèi)任何地方都不允許使用手

機(jī)。把手機(jī)調(diào)成靜音，就像在上課一樣：如果需要接電話，就離開(kāi)圖書(shū)館。）可知，在圖書(shū)館，

是允許把手機(jī)調(diào)成靜音的。故選A。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了在StockholmUniversityLibrary中需要注意的事項(xiàng)。這里有專(zhuān)門(mén)的

默讀區(qū)、討論區(qū)，以及如何使用計(jì)算機(jī)、存儲(chǔ)材料以及使用手機(jī)和帶食物及飲料等的規(guī)定。

1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致

的題目。2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，

做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類(lèi)題目所涉及的信息不是原

文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的

信息綜合起來(lái)分析，而不能斷章取義。

4~7.【答案】A、D、B、D

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Ayearlater,shecreatedtheB.YellowtailCollective,

madeupofnativeartists,

tofostereconomicopportunitiesfortheircommunities.Manyofthoseartistsarewomenfromdifferent

tribesbutallofthempreservetheircultureandmoveitforwardthroughtheirmediumofchoice.（——年

后，她創(chuàng)建了由本土藝術(shù)家組成的B-YellowtailCollective,為他們的社區(qū)創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)。這些藝

術(shù)家中有許多是來(lái)自不同部落的女性，但她們都保存了自己的文化，并通過(guò)自己選擇的媒介將其

發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。）可知BethanyYelloWtaiI建立了B.YeΠowtail來(lái)延續(xù)他們的文化。故選A。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段TheeXtramoneyhas,ofcourse,

increasedartists'incomeinthepastyear,buttherelationshipisinterdependent：

withouttheworkofthoseartists,B.Yellowtailwouldn'texistandnativeculturewouldfeeltheloss.（當(dāng)

然，在過(guò)去的一年里，額外的錢(qián)增加了藝術(shù)家的收入，但這種關(guān)系是相互依存的：沒(méi)有這些藝術(shù)

家的工作，B.Yellowtail就不會(huì)存在，本土文化也會(huì)受到損失。）可知，藝術(shù)家的收入與本土文化

的發(fā)展息息相關(guān)。故選D。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段

DewandaLittleCoyoteisYellowtail'smother.Familyisdeeplyimportanttotheirtribe.Soisart,

whichoftenrunsinthefamily—andalongthematriarchal（母系的）side（DewandaLittleCoyote是

YeIk）Wtail的媽媽。家庭對(duì)他們的部落非常重要。藝術(shù)也是如此，它通常在家族中流傳一沿著母系

一邊）可知文中提到了DeWandaLittIeCoyote,以展示土著文化是如何流傳下來(lái)的。故選B。

（4）觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第二段

Sheknowsfirst-handtheimportanceofarttomaintainingnativetraditions.In2015sheturnedthatkno

wledgeintoherownbrand：B.Yellowtail.Ayearlater,shecreatedtheB.YellowtaiICollective,

madeupofnativeartists,

tofostereconomicopportunitiesfortheircommunities.Manyofthoseartistsarewomenfromdifferent

tribesbulallofthempreservetheircultureandmoveitforwardthroughtheirmediumofchoice.（她親

身體會(huì)到藝術(shù)對(duì)保持本土傳統(tǒng)的重要性。2015年，她將這些知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為自己的品牌：B.YellowtaiL

一年后，她創(chuàng)建了BYellowtailCollective,由當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)家組成，為他們的社區(qū)創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)。這

些藝術(shù)家中有許多是來(lái)自不同部落的女性，但她們都保存了自己的文化，并通過(guò)自己選擇的媒介

將其發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。）可知BethanyYellOWIail富有創(chuàng)造力，堅(jiān)定而無(wú)私。故選D。

本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了BethanyYellOWtaiI創(chuàng)建了B-YellowtailCollective,由當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)家

組成，為他們的社區(qū)創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)，延續(xù)他們的文化。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在

十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順

序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。

首先要掌握問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)

文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類(lèi)題必須經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。

其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息

進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái)，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系，

研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖

掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問(wèn)中常用的詞有：infer,imply,suggest,

indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，

掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)“順藤摸瓜”，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞，語(yǔ)法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因

果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。

8~1L【答案】C、B、D、A

（解析】（1）詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上一句Theyfound由atcertainlevelsofnoisewhilesleeping,eventhose

belowrecommendedsafelevels,mayaffectaperson'scardiovascular（心血管的）response.（他們發(fā)

現(xiàn),睡眠過(guò)程中的一定程度的噪聲，即使低于推薦的安全等級(jí)，可能會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的心血管反應(yīng)。）

可知，睡覺(jué)時(shí)噪音會(huì)影響人的心血管反應(yīng)。由此推斷，劃線詞所在句子Whenslowlyactivatedduring

sleep,theseresponses',couldpotentiallyhaveadverseeffectsonthecardiovascularsystem,πsaid

researchers.（研究人員說(shuō)，當(dāng)這些反應(yīng)在睡眠中被緩慢激活時(shí)，”可能會(huì)對(duì)心血管系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生adverse

影響"）中，adverse表達(dá)的意思是“不利的，有害的”。A積極的；B.明顯的；C.有害的；D.普遍的。

選項(xiàng)C與劃線詞意思接近。故選C。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Researchersexposed20adultparticipantstovariousdecibelsofwind

farmandroadnoisewhileasleep,andthenmonitoredphysicalresponsesincludingbloodflowandheart

ratesaswellassleepawakenings.Althoughasleep,participantsreactedtothesenoises,asfoundbythe

researchers.（研究人員讓20名成年參與者在睡眠時(shí)暴露在不同分貝的風(fēng)電場(chǎng)和道路噪音中，然后

監(jiān)測(cè)身體反應(yīng)，包括血液流動(dòng)和心率以及睡眠覺(jué)醒。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然參與者睡著了，但他們

對(duì)這些噪音有反應(yīng)。）可知，血流量和心率、睡眠覺(jué)醒對(duì)噪音是有反應(yīng)的，故排除C、D項(xiàng)；根

據(jù)文章第三段Forexample,a48-decibel（dB）noise,whichisquieterthanthe50-dBhumofarefrigerator,

was3.4timesmorelikelytocauseachangeinparticipants*pulsewaveamplitude（脈搏波振幅），which

isameasurementthatrelatestobloodflow.（例如，48分貝的噪音比50分貝的冰箱嗡嗡聲更安靜，

導(dǎo)致參與者脈搏波振幅變化的可能性要高3、4倍，這是一種與血液流動(dòng)有關(guān)的測(cè)量方法。）可知，

噪音對(duì)脈沖波幅也會(huì)造成影響，排除A。故選B。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Tohelpreducethepotentialincreasedhealthriskscausedby

frequentnoise-causedsleepdisturbances,researchersnotethattheirfindingshelpcreatepublicpolicies

aroundnoiselevelsduringsleep.（為了幫助減少頻繁的噪音引起的睡眠障礙所帶來(lái)的潛在的健康風(fēng)

險(xiǎn)，研究人員指出，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于制定圍繞睡眠噪音水平的公共政策。）可知，研究人員希

望能夠針對(duì)噪音污染制定官方政策來(lái)保證更好的睡眠。故選D。

（4）主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中ResearchersoutofAustralia'sFlindersUniversityrecentlystudied

variousphysicalreactionsduringsleepwhenexposedtonoise.Theyfoundthatcertainlevelsofnoisewhile

sleeping,eventhosebelowrecommendedsafelevels,mayaffectaperson'scardiovascular（心血管的）

response.（澳大利亞弗林德斯大學(xué)的研究人員最近研究了睡眠中暴露在噪音下的各種身體反應(yīng)。

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠過(guò)程中的一定程度的噪聲，即使低于推薦的安全等級(jí)，可能會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的心血

管反應(yīng)。）以及文章倒數(shù)第二段SIeePiStyPiCallyatimefOrthebodytoreStandreeOver,and

noise-causedactivationofthesecardiovascularresponsesduringsleepmaypreventapersonfromgetting

theproperamountofhealthysleeptheyneed.（睡眠通常是身體休息和恢復(fù)的時(shí)間，睡眠中噪音引起

的這些心血管反應(yīng)的激活可能會(huì)阻止一個(gè)人獲得所需的適量健康睡眠。）和最后一段中Researchers

notedthalbeingexposedtonoisepollutionduringsleepmayincreasetheriskofcardiovasculardisease,

suchashypertension,heartdisease,andotherharmfulhealtheffects.（研究人員指出，睡眠時(shí)暴露在

噪音污染中可能會(huì)增加患心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，如高血壓、心臟病和其他有害健康的影響。）可知，

本文主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠時(shí)暴露在噪音污染中可能會(huì)增加患心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。A項(xiàng)“睡眠時(shí)

的噪音會(huì)影響你的心臟”能夠概括文章內(nèi)容，故選Ao

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。澳