武漢市武昌區(qū)2023年高三《英語》上學期月考試題與參考答案

武漢市武昌區(qū)2023年高三《英語》上學期第月考試題與參考答案第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inaclassroom. B.Inabookstore. C.Athome.【答案】A【原文】W:Michael,Ilostmynewpen.Ijustboughtitfromabookstoreonmywayhomeyesterday.M:Oh,that’stoobad.Butit’stimeforclassnow.Icanhelpyoulookforitafterclass.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thelatestnews. B.Thefilmreviews. C.Themagazine.【答案】C【原文】M:Ireallylikethismagazine.Itgivesmealltherecentnewsaboutmovies.W:Ilikeit,too.ButIpreferreadingthefilmreviewsinit.3.Howlongisthegrocerystoreopeneveryday?A.9hours. B.10hours. C.13hours.【答案】C【原文】W:Hello,thisisAllenGroceryStore.CanIhelpyou?M:Hello.Whatareyouropeninghours,please?W:Weopenat9:00a.m.andcloseat10:00p.m.everyday.4.HowdoesBarbarasound?A.Content. B.Worried. C.Confused.【答案】B【原文】M:HeyBarbara,whyareyouunhappy?Iheardthatyouhavebeenpromoted.Congratulations!W:Oh,Ihatehavingtoleavehereandworkingabroad.Youknow,myparentshaveonlyonechild.ItishardtoimaginehowlonelytheywouldbeifIworkabroad.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Waiterandcustomer. C.Shopassistantandmanager.【答案】A【原文】W:Iboughtyouapairofpants,darling.M:Oh,Ihopeyoukeptthereceipt.IthinkI’veputonsomeweight.ButyoucantastethefishIcookedspeciallyforyoufirst.I’lltrythepantsnow.第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或讀白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項.聽每段對話或獨白前.你將有時間閱讀各個小題.每小題5秒鐘，聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whydoesthemanwanttosleepearlytoday?A.Hehastocatchanearlyflighttomorrow.B.Hefeelssleepywhiletalkingonthephone.C.Hehastocollectafriendtomorrowmorning.7.Whendidthemanprobablycomeback?A.At9:15p.m. B.At9:45p.m. C.At10:15p.m.【答案】6.B7.A【原文】M:Oh,I’msorry,butIhavetohangupnow.I’msosleepy.W:Itisonlyaquartertoten.Whydoyouwanttogotobedsoearlytoday?M:I’mfallingasleeponthephone.W:Alright.Didyougetupearlythismorning?M:Yes.Itookafriendtotheairport.Hehadtocatchtheearlyflight.W:Whydidn’tyoutakeanapwhenyougothome?M:Ididn’tgetbackuntilthirtyminutesago.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlydoing?A.Talkingaboutholidayplans.B.Sharingchildhoodmemories.C.Discussingtheirlastspringbreak.9.WhowenttotheGrandCanyonwiththegirl?A.Hermother. B.Herfather. C.Heraunt.10.WhatdoweknowaboutRobert?A.Hegotmarriedlastyear.B.HehasbeentotheGrandCanyon.C.Hewasplanningforaself-drivingtour.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【原文】W:Wefinallyfinishedalltheexams.Springbreakstartstomorrow.Areyougoinganywhere,Robert?M:Yeah,IwasthinkingofdrivingtoArizonabymyself.W:TotheGrandCanyon?M:Yes.I’veneverbeenthere.W:IwenttherewithmydadwhenIwasakid.Iloveditverymuch.Istillrememberhowamazingitwas.M:Thatsoundsnice.I’msureI’lllikeit,too.Whatareyouplanningtodothisholiday?W:I’mgoingtovisitmyauntinChinawithmymother.Wehaven’tseenhersinceshegotmarriedlastyear.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.WhydidNinathrowsnowatAlex?A.Alexknockeddownhersnowman.B.Ninaonlywantedtoplaywithsnow.C.Alexhopedtohaveasnowballfight.12.WhatwillNinaprobablydonext?A.Gotothebathroom. B.Takeagoodrest. C.ApologizetoAlex.13.WhatwasBettyinvitedtodo?A.Seeafilm.B.GotoNina’shome.C.PayavisittoAlex.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【原文】M:Nina,whydidyouthrowsnowatyourbrotherAlex?W:Comeon,Dad.Ijusthadasnowballfightwithhim.M:Buthesaidthathedidn’tknowyouwereplaying.Doesthishaveanythingtodowiththesnowman?W:Okay.Youmeantheoneheknockeddown?Hmm…no,Ijustwantedtohaveasnowballfight.M:Well,butyoushouldbenicertoyourbrother.Goandsayyou’resorrytohim.Heisinthebedroomonthesecondfloor.W:Okay,I’lldoitnow.AfterthatIwillgotoLily’s.SheinvitedBettyandmetowatchamovieatherhouse.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.WhatisConrad?A.Ascientist. B.Ateacher. C.Astudent.15.WhogaveConradacompliment（表揚）?A.Mrs.Hopkins. B.Mr.Hunter. C.Andrew.16.WhatisthemostimportantthingConradlearnedfromtheproject?A.Agoodsenseofteamwork.B.Theskillsindesigningposters.C.Theabilitiestosurviveoutdoors.【答案】14.C15.B16.A【原文】W:HeyConrad.Whatfinalprojectdidyouworkon?M:Oh,ImadeanEnglishposteraboutourenvironment.W:Itsoundsprettygood.Wasthatanindoororoutdoorproject?M:Well,theprojectwascarriedoutmostlyoutdoors,withonlythelastphasebeingconcludedindoors.W:Isthereanyoneelseinvolvedintheproject?M:Yes.Myteammatesandanadvisoryteacher.W:Whowasyouradvisoryteacher?M:Ourscienceteacher,Mrs.Hopkins.Welearnedalotfromher.W:Good.Didyoulikeyourpartners?M:Yes.Mostofthemwerefriendlyandresponsible.AndmyfavoritepartnerisAndrew,theleaderofmyteam.W:Great.Itwasasuccessfulproject,right?M:Yes,that’sright.Weallreceivedcomplimentsfromourprofessor,Mr.Hunter.AnndIlearnedskillsinwritingcontentsanddesigningposters.W:Whatelsedidyougetfromtheproject?M:Aboveall,Iknewhowtoworkinateamandcooperatewellwithmyteammates.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17.Whydidtheteachersfeelsurprised?A.Theyhadnoideaaboutthestudents’interests.B.Manystudentsknewmoreaboutonlinegames.C.Theirstudentsweremoreinterestedintraditionalgames.18.Whatcanwelearnfromthetalk?A.Traditionalgamesarestillpopularamongmanystudents.B.Studentstodayprefertospendtheirbreaksintheclassroom.C.Parentspaidnoattentiontooutdoorgameswhentheywereyoung.19Whatisstillpopularallovertheworld?A.Hide-and-seek.B.Shuttlecock（毽子）kicking.C.Ropeskipping.20.Whatiseducationalofficers’attitudetowardthesituationoftraditionalgames?A.Anxious. B.Confident. C.Unclear.【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A【原文】M:Duringtheyearsofgamemaking,therehavebeenanumberofgames.Manyoldgameshavedisappearedsincemoderngamescomeout.Teachersataprimaryschoolaskedtheirstudentstowritearticlesaboutgamestheyknew.Andthoseteacherswereshockedbytheresultsbecausemorethanhalfofthestudentswroteaboutonlinegames.Itiseasytoseethattraditionalgameslikehide-and-seekandjumpropegamesareunfamiliartomanyoftoday’sschoolchildren.Aneducationistsaid,“Traditionalgamesusedtobesopopular,butoverjustafewyears,studentshaveforgottenthem.”Thegamesthatmanyparentsonceplayedweregenerallyoutdooractivities.Theyusuallyneededseveralpartnersandjustalittlespace.Jumpropegames,forexample,havealwaysbeenpopulararoundtheworld.Akindofjumpropegamesplayedwithrubberbandsconnectedtogethertomakealongropeplayedinmanycountries.Rubberbandjumpingwasoncepopularinprimaryschools.Girlslovedplayingthisgame.Thisgamecanhelpkidspracticetheirjumpingskills,developcoordination,andalsomeetlotsoffriends.Itiscommonthesedaystoseeprimaryschoolstudentsspendingtheirbreaksintheclassroom.Theyarebusywiththeirstudies.“Whenwewereyoung,weplayedmanydifferentoutdoorgames,buttoday’schildrendon’tknowwhattoplayorhowtoplay,”a40-year-oldmothersaid.“Ifthesekidswantsomething,theycangetit,buttheydon’tknowwhatteamworkis.”Alarmedbythesituation,educationalofficershavetriedtomakesomeprogramstoeducatechildrenabouttraditionalgames.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThreeTypesofRenewableEnergySourcesWaterPowerWaterpoweristheworld’sbiggestsourceofrenewableenergybyfar,withChina,Brazil,Canada,theU.S.,andRussiatheleadingwaterpowerproducers.Whilewaterpowerisacleanenergysourceprovidedbyrainandsnow,italsohasseveraldrawbacks.Largedamscandamageriverecosystemsandsurroundingcommunities,harmingwildlifeanddisplacingresidents.Evenwaterpoweratfullcapacitybearsitsownemissionsproblems,asrottingorganicmaterialinreservoirsreleasesmethane（甲烷,沼氣）.Damsaren’ttheonlywaytousewaterforpower.Tidalandwaveenergyprojectsaroundtheworldaimtocapturetheocean’snaturalrhythms.Thepotentialmarineenergyisgreat.WindPowerWindturbines（渦輪）aregrowingaroundtheglobe,andChina,theU.S.,andGermanyaretheleadingwindenergyproducers.Somepeoplemayobjecttohowwindturbineslookonthehorizon（地平線）andtohowtheysound,butwindenergy,whosepricesaredeclining,isprovingtoovaluablearesourcetodeny.Anotherproblemwithwindturbinesisthatthey’readangerforbirdsandbats,killinghundredsofthousandsannuallythatengineersareworkingonsolutionstomakethemsaferforflyingwildlife.SolarPowerFromhomerooftopstofarms,solarpowerisreshapingenergymarketsaroundtheworld.Inadditiontosolarpanels,whichchangethesun’slighttoelectricity,concentratingsolarpower（CSP）plantsusemirrorstoconcentratethesun’sheat,gettingthermalenergy.Solarthermalenergyisalsobeingusedworldwideforhotwater,heating,andcooling.China,Japan,andtheU.S.areleadingthesolartransformation,butsolarstillhasalongwaytogo.21.Whichcountryistheleadingproducerofallthethreerenewableenergies?A.China. B.Japan. C.Germany. D.Russia.22.Whatmayreducethedisadvantagesofwaterpower?A.Gatheringorganicmaterialinreservoirs.B.Employingalternativewatersources.C.MovingresidentsawayfromdamsD.Usingwaterpoweratfullcapacity.23.Whatisaproblemwiththewindturbines?A.Theycosttoomuch.B.Theyoccupymuchspace.C.Theycausenoisepollution.D.Theyaffectflyingwildlife’shealth.【答案】21.A22.B23.C【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了三種可再生資源。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WaterPower部分中的第一句“Waterpoweristheworld’sbiggestsourceofrenewableenergybyfar,withChina,Brazil,Canada,theU.S.,andRussiatheleadingwaterpowerproducers.（水力發(fā)電是迄今為止世界上最大的可再生能源來源，中國、巴西、加拿大、美國和俄羅斯是主要的水力發(fā)電國）”和WindPower部分中的第一句“Windturbines（渦輪）aregrowingaroundtheglobe,andChina,theU.S.,andGermanyaretheleadingwindenergyproducers.（風力渦輪機在全球范圍內(nèi)不斷增長，中國、美國和德國是主要的風能生產(chǎn)國）”及SolarPower部分中的最后一句“China,Japan,andtheU.S.areleadingthesolartransformation,butsolarstillhasalongwaytogo.（中國、日本和美國正在領(lǐng)導太陽能改造，但太陽能仍有很長的路要走）”可知，中國在這三種可再生資源的生產(chǎn)中都處于主導地位。故選A?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)WaterPower部分中最后一段“Damsaren’ttheonlywaytousewaterforpower.Tidalandwaveenergyprojectsaroundtheworldaimtocapturetheocean’snaturalrhythms.Thepotentialmarineenergyisgreat.（水壩并不是用水發(fā)電的唯一途徑。世界各地的潮汐和波浪能項目旨在捕捉海洋的自然節(jié)奏。海洋能源潛力巨大）”可知，除了水壩以外，還有潮汐和波浪能可以利用，以減少水電發(fā)電所造成的影響。故選B。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WindPower部分中第二段“Somepeoplemayobjecttohowwindturbineslookonthehorizon（地平線）andtohowtheysound,butwindenergy,whosepricesaredeclining,isprovingtoovaluablearesourcetodeny.（有些人可能會反對風力渦輪機的外觀和聲音，但風能的價格正在下降，被證明是一種太有價值的資源，不容否認）”可知，風力發(fā)電存在的問題是噪音污染。故選C。BThroughouthistory,manyoftheworld’sgreatestartistsneverachievedtremendousfameuntilaftertheirdeath.That’sthecaseofVivianMaier,who’snowconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantAmericanstreetphotographersofthelastcentury,alongsidefamousnameslikeDianeArbusandHenriCartier-Bresson.Butsheremainedunknownformuchofherlife,anditwasonlyachanceencounterwithaboxofnegativesthatputherinthespotlight.Detailsofherlifeareunclear,butshewasborninNewYorkCityinthe1920stoEuropeanparents.MaiergrewupinFrancebeforereturningtotheU.S.,whereshespentseveraldecadesworkingasanannyinChicagotowealthyfamilies.DuringherdaysoffMaieristhoughttohavetakenmorethan100,000photographsofpeopleandcityscenesinChicago,yetshekeptthephotostoherself-manyofthemneverdeveloped.Skipaheadto2007,aChicagohistorianandcollector,JohnMaloof,cameacrossMaier’sworkbyaccidentafterpurchasingaboxoftensofthousandsofundevelopednegativesfor$380Satanauction（拍賣）.Ashedevelopedthem,Maloofrealizedtheyweremorethanjustphotos.Hewaslookingatevocative（喚起）artillustratingaChicagoofthemid-20-centurythatnobodyhadneverseen.Maloofworkedtouncoverwhothephotographerwas,acquiringmoreandmoreofherwork.Butbeforehecouldlocateher,Maierhadalreadypassedawayin2009,havingslippedoniceandneverrecoveringfromherheadinjury.WhileMaloofresearchedMaier’swork,moredetailsemerged.Shekepttoherself,heremployerssaid,andshewouldspendherfreedaystakingphotosonthestreetsofChicagowithaRolleiflexcamera.AccordingtoMaloof,thechildrenMaiertookcareofknewshewasconstantlytakingphotos,yetshenevershowedherphotostoanyone.Maieralsotraveledaroundtheworld,asindicatedbysomeofherphotos.OthercollectorsbegantoacquireMaier’sphotos,butMaloofownsmuchofherwork.Hereleasedabook,VivianMaier:StreetPhotographer,in2011,andhisdocumentary,FindingVivianMaier,cameoutin2013.24.WhichwordcanbeusedtodescribeVivian’slife?A.Risky. B.Wealthy. C.Mysterious. D.Miserable.25.WhatdoweknowaboutVivianMaier?A.ShewasborninFrance.B.Sheneverdevelopedherphotos.C.Sheenjoyedgreatfameinherlife.D.ShetookphotosofChicagoandothercities.26.WhatdidMaloofdoafterhefoundMaier’sphotos?A.HeapproachedMaier’sformeremployers.B.Hemanagedtomeettheartistintheflesh.CHereleasedacollectionofMaier’swork.D.Hepurchasedmoredevelopednegatives.27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutVivianMaier’sphotos?A.Theywerepresentedtoheremployers.BTheyweremeanttoearnherafortune.C.Theyweretakenbyaprofessionalartist.D.Theywereofartisticandhistoricalvalue.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.D【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了美國業(yè)余街頭攝影師VivianMaier及其作品的發(fā)現(xiàn)過程。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Butsheremainedunknownformuchofherlife,anditwasonlyachanceencounterwithaboxofnegativesthatputherinthespotlight.（但她一生中的大部分時間都默默無聞，一次偶然的機會，一盒底片讓她成為了聚光燈下的焦點）”及第二段第一句“Detailsofherlifeareunclear,butshewasborninNewYorkCityinthe1920stoEuropeanparents.（她的生活細節(jié)尚不清楚，但她于20世紀20年代出生于紐約，父母是歐洲人）”可知，關(guān)于VivianMaier的生活，人們了解的并不多，因此可以用“神秘”來形容她的一生。故選C?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Shekepttoherself,heremployerssaid,andshewouldspendherfreedaystakingphotosonthestreetsofChicagowithaRolleiflexcamera.（她的雇主說，她不愛說話，會在空閑時間用Rolleiflex相機在芝加哥街頭拍照）”和最后一句“Maieralsotraveledaroundtheworld,asindicatedbysomeofherphotos.（Maier還周游世界，她的一些照片表明了這一點）”可知，VivianMaier拍攝了芝加哥及其他城市的照片。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“WhileMaloofresearchedMaier’swork,moredetailsemerged.Shekepttoherself,heremployerssaid,andshewouldspendherfreedaystakingphotosonthestreetsofChicagowithaRolleiflexcamera.（當Maloof研究Maier的作品時，更多的細節(jié)浮出水面。她的雇主說，她不愛說話，會在空閑時間用Rolleiflex相機在芝加哥街頭拍照）”可推知，Maloof在發(fā)現(xiàn)Maier的作品后，為了更好地了解她，聯(lián)系了她之前的雇主。故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二和第三兩句“Ashedevelopedthem,Maloofrealizedtheyweremorethanjustphotos.Hewaslookingatevocative（喚起）artillustratingaChicagoofthemid-20-centurythatnobodyhadneverseen.（當他將底片沖洗出來后，Maloof意識到它們不僅僅是照片。他看到的是能夠喚起人們懷舊的、描繪了一個無人見過的20世紀中期的芝加哥的藝術(shù)）”可知，VivianMaier所拍攝的照片兼具藝術(shù)和歷史價值。故選D。CIwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwritingacolumn,becausethat’swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.Iregularlygete-mailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI’veneverheardof.TowhichIrespond,“Transfer（轉(zhuǎn)學）highschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtfulcommentaryofafirst-ratemodernwisdom!Also,don’tdodrugs!”Icanexpecttobesendingmoreofthesee-mailsbecauseoftheCommonCoreStateStandards（共同核心國家標準）,whichpublicschoolsareencouragedtofollow.Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation’shighschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear,DavidColeman,thenewpresidentoftheCollegeBoard,whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsoftheCommonCore,said,“Itisrareinaworkingenvironmentthatsomeonesays,‘Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneedavividaccountofyourchildhood.’”Iagreewiththis,butnoonehaseveraskedmeforamarketanalysis.Coleman’sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswilllearnhowtowriteclear,tightlystructurednonfiction.Andindeed,thefirsttimeIwriteinanewformat-travelessay,screenplay,apologye-mail-Ireadabunchofexamples.ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwordsdifferently:anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bushspeech.Fictionteachesyouhowtotellastory,whichishowweexpressandremembernearlyeverything.Anyway,schoolisn’tmerelytrainingforwork;it’strainingforcommunicationthroughoutourlives.28.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhiscolumnwasusedasstudents’assignment?A.Proud. B.Satisfied. C.Concerned. D.Disappointed.29.WhatshouldhighschoolsdoaccordingtoDavidColeman?A.Stressnonfiction.B.Readmorefiction.C.Teachmarketanalysis.D.Encouragewriting.30.WhydoesthewriterturntoaGeorgeW.Bushspeech?A.Tocreatewords. B.Tobetterhiswriting.C.Totellastory. D.Tofollowtheformat.31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theshiftofteachingtechniques.B.ThetrendofreadingShakespeare.C.Theeffectsofthenewcurriculumstandards.D.TheproblemwithAmericaneducationsystem.【答案】28.C29.A30.B31.D【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了美國教育系統(tǒng)的問題?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Iregularlygete-mailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI’veneverheardof.TowhichIrespond,“Transfer（轉(zhuǎn)學）highschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtfulcommentaryofafirst-ratemodernwisdom!Also,don’tdodrugs!”（我經(jīng)常收到學生的電子郵件，詢問我的寫作技巧和其他我從未聽說過的事情。對此，我的回答是：“馬上轉(zhuǎn)高中！轉(zhuǎn)到一個教授莎士比亞和荷馬，而不是對一流現(xiàn)代智慧進行深思熟慮的評論的高中，還有，不要吸毒！”）”可推斷，當他的專欄被用作學生的作業(yè)后，作者是擔憂的。故選C?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation’shighschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear,DavidColeman,thenewpresidentoftheCollegeBoard,whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsoftheCommonCore,said,“Itisrareinaworkingenvironmentthatsomeonesays,‘Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneedavividaccountofyourchildhood.’”（新的課程標準極大地改變了全國大約一半的高中英語閱讀清單，強調(diào)非虛構(gòu)。美國大學理事會新任主席戴維·科爾曼是“共同核心”的主要創(chuàng)始人之一，他在去年的一次演講中說，“在工作環(huán)境中，很少有人說，‘約翰遜，周五前我需要一份市場分析報告，但在此之前，我需要一份你童年的生動描述?！保焙偷谌巍癈oleman’sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswilllearnhowtowriteclear,tightlystructurednonfiction.（科爾曼的想法是，通過閱讀清晰、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的非虛構(gòu)類文章，孩子們將學會如何寫出清晰、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的非虛構(gòu)類文章。）”可知，根據(jù)戴維·科爾曼的觀點，高中應(yīng)該強調(diào)非虛構(gòu)。故選A?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwordsdifferently:anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bushspeech.（但當我想提高寫作水平時，我會閱讀一些迫使我以不同方式思考詞語的東西：一本小說、一首詩、喬治·W·布什的演講。）”可知，作者尋求喬治·W·布什的演講是為了更好地提高自己的寫作。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“IwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwritingacolumn,becausethat’swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.（在我開始寫專欄之前，我并不擔心美國的教育體系，因為那時我發(fā)現(xiàn)有英語老師把我的專欄作為閱讀材料。）”及全文可知，文章主要討論了美國教育系統(tǒng)的問題。故選D。DDespitelivingbeyond80s,“super-agers”havethephysicalabilityandcognitive（認知的）functionofpeoplemuchyounger,whichhaslongbeenpuzzlingscientists.Butresearchersmayhavediscoveredwhysuper-agersareabletostaysomentallysharp:theneurons（神經(jīng)元）intheirentorhinalcortex,thepartofthebrainresponsibleforstoringmemories,aremuchlargerthanthoseoftheiraveragepeers.Furthermore,theseneuronsshownosignoftautangles（蛋白?。?whichlimitthecommunicationbetweenneuronsandarealarmingsignsofAlzheimer’sdisease.“TounderstandhowandwhypeoplemayberesistanttodevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease,it’simportanttocloselyinvestigatethebrainsofsuper-agers,”saidleadresearcherTamarGefen,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryandbehaviouralsciencesatNorthwesternUniversity.Tomakethediscovery,theresearchersexaminedthebrainsofsixsuper-agers,sevencognitivelyaverageelderlyindividuals,sixyoungindividualsandfiveindividualsintheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sdisease.“Theremarkableobservationthatsuper-agersshowedlargerneuronsthantheiryoungerpeersmayimplythatlargecellswerepresentfrombirthandaremaintainedstructurallythroughouttheirlives.Weconcludethatlargerneuronsareabiologicalsignatureofthesuper-ageing.”Theresearchersconcentratedtheirstudiesontheentorhinalcortexasit’soneofthefirstlocationstobeaffectedbyAlzheimer’sdisease.Theneuronsthatformthispartwerefoundtobebiggerinsuper-agersthaninalloftheothergroupsinthestudy,eventhosewhowere20to30yearsyounger.Theywerealsofoundtobefreefromtautangles.“Inthisstudy,weshowthatinAlzheimer’sdisease,neuronalshrinkingintheentorhinalcortexappearstobeacharacteristicmarkerofthedisease,”Gefensaid.“Wesuspectthisprocessisafunctionoftautangleformationintheaffectedcellsleadingtopoormemoryabilitiesinolderage.Identifyingthiscontributingfactor-andeverycontributingfactor-iscrucialtotheearlyidentificationofAlzheimer’s,monitoringitscourseandguidingtreatment.”Theresearchersarenowplanningfurtherstudiestotryandfigureoutwhysuper-agershavesuchlargerneurons.32.Whatdoresearchersfindabout“super-agers”?A.Theyhaveweakcognitiveability.B.TheyarelikelytosufferAlzheimer’sneurons.C.Tautanglescanbecommonlyfoundintheirbrains.D.Someoftheirbrainneuronsarelargerthantheirpeers’.33.HowdidTamarGefencarryouthisresearch?A.Byobservingthefunctionofneuronformation.B.Bylimitingthecommunicationbetweenneurons.C.Byexaminingthebrainsofmultiplegroupsofpeople.D.Bytrackingthelargecellsinsuper-agers’brainsfrombirth.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shrinking”meaninParagraph5?A.Adapting. B.Becomingsmaller.C.Expanding. D.Growingflexible.35.Whichofthefollowingisnotyetidentifiedbytheresearchers?A.Whysuper-agersarefreefromtautangles.B.WhataretypicalsignsofAlzheimer’sdisease.C.Whichpartofthebrainisinchargeofmemorystorage.D.Whetherlargeneuronsareconnectedwithsuper-ageing.【答案】32.D33.C34.B35.A【導語】這是一篇說明文。研究人員通過測驗證明超級老人的內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元比同齡老年人的要大得多，這也是超級老人雖然年老卻依然可以保持體能和認知能力的原因?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Butresearchersmayhavediscoveredwhysuper-agersareabletostaysomentallysharp:theneurons（神經(jīng)元）intheirentorhinalcortex,thepartofthebrainresponsibleforstoringmemories,aremuchlargerthanthoseoftheiraveragepeers.（但研究人員可能已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了為什么超級老人能夠保持如此敏銳的精神：他們的內(nèi)嗅皮層（大腦中負責存儲記憶的部分）中的神經(jīng)元比他們的普通同齡人大得多）”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)超級老人的神經(jīng)元與同齡的普通老人的相比要大。故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Tomakethediscovery,theresearchersexaminedthebrainsofsixsuper-agers,sevencognitivelyaverageelderlyindividuals,sixyoungindividualsandfiveindividualsintheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sdisease.（為了證明這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究人員測驗了6名超級老年人、7名認知能力一般的老年人、6名年輕人和5名阿爾茨海默病早期患者的大腦）”可知，這項研究是通過對多組不同人群的大腦進行測驗來完成的。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Theneuronsthatformthispartwerefoundtobebiggerinsuper-agersthaninalloftheothergroupsinthestudy,eventhosewhowere20to30yearsyounger.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，超級老人組中形成這一部分的神經(jīng)元比所有其他組中的神經(jīng)元都大，即使是那些20到30歲的年輕人）”可知，其他組別包括阿爾茨海默癥組接受測驗的人員，其大腦中內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元的大小都小于超級老人組的。結(jié)合劃線詞所在句“Inthisstudy,weshowthatinAlzheimer’sdisease,neuronalshrinkingintheentorhinalcortexappearstobeacharacteristicmarkerofthedisease（在這項研究中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在阿爾茨海默病中，內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元萎縮似乎是該病的特征性標志）”可推知，阿爾茨海默癥與內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元的大小有關(guān)，超級老人的內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元大，那么患阿爾茨海默癥的人內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元應(yīng)該會越來越小，由此推出，劃線詞shrinking表達的是“越來越小”的意思。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Wesuspectthisprocessisafunctionoftautangleformationintheaffectedcellsleadingtopoormemoryabilitiesinolderage.（我們懷疑這一過程是受細胞中tautangle這種物質(zhì)形成的影響，導致老年人記憶能力下降）”可知，細胞中形成了tautangle這種物質(zhì)，這種物質(zhì)使得內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元萎縮，因而老年人記憶力下降，而超級老人的內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元很大，顯然其細胞中沒有形成tautangle這種物質(zhì)，結(jié)合最后一句“Theresearchersarenowplanningfurtherstudiestotryandfigureoutwhysuper-agershavesuchlargerneurons.（研究人員現(xiàn)在正在計劃進一步的研究，試圖弄清楚為什么超級老人有如此大的神經(jīng)元）”可知，研究人員還沒有弄清楚為什么超級老人的細胞中沒有tautangle這種物質(zhì)。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Praiseislikesunlighttothehumanspirit:wecannotflowerandgrowwithoutit.Andyet,whilemostofusareonlytooreadytoapplytoothersthecoldwindofcriticism,wearesomehowreluctanttogiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.___36___Perhapsit’sbecausefewofusknowhowtoacceptcomplimentsgracefully.Instead,weareembarrassedandshrugoffthewordswearereallysogladtohear.Becauseofthisdefensivereaction,directcomplimentsaresurprisinglydifficulttogive.Thatiswhysomeofthemostvaluedpatsonthebackarethosewhichcometousindirectly,inaletterorpassedonbyafriend.It’sespeciallyrewardingtogivepraiseinareasinwhicheffortgenerallygoesunnoticedorunmentioned.___37___Acookispraisedforaperfectmeal.Butdoyouevertellyourlaundrymanagerhowpleasedyouarewhentheshirtsaredonejustright?Doyoueverpraiseyourpaperboyforgettingthepapertoyouontime365daysayear?Praiseisparticularlyappreciatedbythosedoingroutinejobs:gasstationattendants,waitresses-evenhousewives.___38___Sincesooftenpraiseistheonlywageahousewifereceives,surelysheofallpeopleshouldgethermeasure.___39___Itonlytakesamoment’sthoughtandamoment’seffortperhapsaquickphonecalltopassonacompliment,orfiveminutesspentwritinganappreciativeletter.Itissuchasmallinvestmentandyetconsidertheresultsitmayproduce.___40___So,let’sbealerttothesmallexcellencesaroundusandcommentonthem.Wewillnotonlybringjoyintootherpeople’slives,butalso,veryoften,addhappinessintoourown.A.Weareaccustomedtoacceptingpraise.B.Astudentisignoreddespitehisgoodwork.C.Togivepraisecoststhegiveralmostnothing.D.It’sstrangehowcautiousweareaboutpraising