高中英語(yǔ)專題非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞精講

PartA不定式和動(dòng)名詞一．不定式和動(dòng)名詞的共同用法：作主語(yǔ)、作表語(yǔ)、作定語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ)1.作主語(yǔ)Gettingupearly(早起)isagoodhabit.Climbingupthemountainsisinteresting.爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))Lookingafterthebaby_(照顧嬰兒)isherjobeveryday.Tolookafterthebaby(照顧嬰兒)isherjobtoday.動(dòng)名詞：表經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作或已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)不定式：表具體的、一次的行為2.作表語(yǔ)1)動(dòng)名詞，不定式和作主語(yǔ)用法相同2)如果主語(yǔ)是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。Hiswishistobuyacarbeforelong.他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)買一輛轎車。3.作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞表示所修飾名詞的用途；不定式表示將來(lái)可做或該做的行為。例如：Aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming游泳池Aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimmingApooltoswimin可游泳的池塘

DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBJ?

你要見(jiàn)那位將從北京請(qǐng)來(lái)的醫(yī)生嗎？4.作賓語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語(yǔ)，但有些動(dòng)詞要求：

(1)不定式做賓語(yǔ)決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help此外：seem,attempt,fail,happen,afford,strive,makeupone’smindto,bedeterminedto,would/shouldlike/loveto注意：不定式作介詞but,except(除了)的賓語(yǔ)。（can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut..）Thesoldierscoulddonothingbutwaitfortheorder.Thesoldierhadnootherchoicebuttowaitfortheorder.Thescientistcannothelpbutwonder,“Arehumansdyingoutlikeotheranimals?”一般的介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)都是-ing形式或名詞。但這兩個(gè)除外。它們兩個(gè)后面用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。一般的考點(diǎn)都集中在它們后面的不定式帶to還是不帶的問(wèn)題上。一般看的是前面有沒(méi)有do的任何形式或can’t，有則不帶to，沒(méi)有則帶to。(2)有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)miss,imagine,mind,escape,insiston,practise,suggest,consider,avoid,enjoy/appreciate,risk,finish,deny,forbid,keep/keepon,allow/permit,delay/putoff，can’tstand,giveup,feellike,insiston,thankyoufor,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),spendtime(in)例句：Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.Mybrothergotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisklosingthelastchance.Headmittedbreakingthewindow.他承認(rèn)打破了玻璃。Theboysadmittedhavingbrokenmycarwindowwhileplayingfootball.Ireallyappreciateyourreplyingsosoon.You’dbetteravoidseeingyourbosstoday.Heislikeabullinachinashop.Canyouimaginelivingaloneonthemoon?Jillcouldn’tresistmakingjokesaboutmybaldness.Theexperiencedworkersuggestedmakingaholetheotherside.Ijustcan’tstandbeingbossedaroundbyawoman.Areyoureallyusedtodrinkingwinesthreemealsaday?WearelookingforwardtoseeingyouinNewYork.Whentheweatherturnsfine,Ihavegetdowntorepairingmyhouse.Theysetabouttreatingthebabyimmediatelytheyarrived.現(xiàn)對(duì)上述只以動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞分類歸納如下：A.注意動(dòng)詞的一詞多義①consider只有在作“考慮”解時(shí)才以-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。如：Tomisconsideredtobethebestdriverintheteam.(認(rèn)為)Tomisconsideringborrowingsomemoneyfromthebank.（考慮）②can’thelp只有作“禁不住”解時(shí)才以-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。如：Sorry,I’mbusypreparingfortheexamandcan’thelpcleantheroom(不能幫忙)Sorry,Ican’thelplaughingwhenIheardthenews.(禁不住)③beusedto只有作“習(xí)慣于”解時(shí)才以-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。如：Theknifeisusedtocutofftheskinofthetrees.(被用來(lái)做)Thestudentsareusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.(習(xí)慣于)B．注意擺脫思維定勢(shì)allow,advise,forbid,permit①+doingsth.②+sb.todosth.這是一個(gè)學(xué)生出錯(cuò)率挺高的考點(diǎn)。因?yàn)?，大家都知道如allowsb.todosth.這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，并且爛熟于心。所以在見(jiàn)到Allow等后面直接跟賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，大家的第一反應(yīng)就是選擇todo，這樣就中了出題人的陷阱。例如：Myparentsdon’tallowmetogotherebyplaneforthesakeofsafety.Theydon’tallowsmokinginthisareaofthecampus.Jill’steacheradvisedhimtotakethejobinthelessfamouscompany.Jill’steacheradvisedtakingthejobinthelessfamouscompany.Themanagerforbidsanyonetoenterhisofficewithoutpermission.Smokingisforbiddeninthisoffice.C．注意主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的問(wèn)題Yourdeskneedscleaning.Yourdeskneedstobecleaned.Theflowersrequirewateringeveryday.Theflowersrequiretobewateredeveryday.Hewantsremindingofthemeetingtomorrow.Heisalwaysforgetful.Hewantstoberemindedofthemeetingtomorrow.Heisalwaysforgetful.TheplayisworthseeingasecondtimeTheplayisworthyofbeingseenasecondtime.Theplayisworthytobeseenasecondtime.以上幾組只是在主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的形式上有所差別，意義相同。D．動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常為：①形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞；②名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞。例如：Tominsistedonmygoingwiththem.他堅(jiān)持要我和他們一起去。Hedislikeshiswife’sworkinglate.他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。IcanhardlyimaginePeter’ssailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.Thediscoveryofthenewevidenceledtothethief’sbeingcaught.值得注意的是，在動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其中的形容詞性物主代詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為賓格形式的人稱代詞。例如：We’llappreciateyoucallingbacksoon.(your→you)Doyoumindyourstudentsusingmobilesinschool?(yourstudents’→yourstudents)Canyouimagineuspassingthetestonourfirstattempt?(our→us)但是，千萬(wàn)注意，當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面只能用形容詞性物主代詞或者名詞所有格。例如：Hiscomingbacklatemadeallofusangry.Mymother’sbeingillsentallofusintogreatanxiety.同時(shí)，在某些情況下，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓語(yǔ)：a.無(wú)生命名詞Thebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.這個(gè)嬰兒被猛烈的關(guān)門聲吵醒。b.有生命名詞但表示泛指意義Haveyoueverheardofwomenpractisingboxing?你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)婦女練拳擊嗎？c.兩個(gè)以上的有生命名詞并列Doyourememberyourparentsandmetellingaboutthis?你記得你父母和我都告訴過(guò)你這事嗎？注意：用作介詞的toto有兩種用法：一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形；一為介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞,to在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+名詞/動(dòng)名詞：admitto承認(rèn)，confessto承認(rèn)，beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于，beusedto習(xí)慣于，stickto堅(jiān)持，turnto開(kāi)始，著手于，devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于，bedevotedto致力于，lookforwardto盼望，payattentionto注意,getdownto著手做某事,leadto導(dǎo)致,objectto反對(duì)例如：Imustadmittofeelingashamedofmyconduct.

我得承認(rèn)因自己的行為而感到羞慚。Heconfessedtocheatingontheexam.

他承認(rèn)考試作弊。Stopplayingcards,let'sgetdowntodoingsomethingmoremeaningful.(3)有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的差別

1)forgettodo忘記要去做某事(未做)

forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)某事(已做)例如：Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。(已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)Don'tforgettocometomorrow.別忘了明天來(lái)。(tocome動(dòng)作未做)典型例題----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh，Iforgot___.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案：C。由thelightisstillon可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生，因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。

2)stoptodo停止去做另一件事

stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事例如：Theystoptosmokeacigarette.他們停下來(lái)，抽了根煙。Imuststopsmoking..我必須戒煙了。典型例題Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest答案：C。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來(lái)在一個(gè)路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇"stoptodosth.停下來(lái)去做另一件事"。而不僅僅是爬山動(dòng)作的終止，所以stopdoingsth.不正確。

3)remembertodo記住去做某事(未做)

rememberdoing記得做過(guò)某事(已做)例如：Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?

4)regrettodo對(duì)要做的事遺憾

regretdoing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾,后悔例如：Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒(méi)有辦法。Idon'tregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。典型例題---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret___that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone答案：D。regrethavingdonesth.對(duì)已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾。regrettodosth.對(duì)將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對(duì)已說(shuō)的話感到后悔，因此選D。

5)trytodo努力,企圖做某事

trydoing試驗(yàn),試一試某種辦法例如：Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。Itriedgardeningbutdidn'tsucceed.我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。

6)meantodo打算，有意要…

meandoing意味著例如：Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.增加工資意味著增加購(gòu)買力。

7)goontodo繼而(去做另外一件事情)

goondoing繼續(xù)(原先沒(méi)有做完的事情)例如：Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。Goondoingtheexerciseafteryouhavechattedwithyourfriends.與同學(xué)聊完天后，接著做練習(xí)。8)proposetodo打算(要做某事)

proposingdoing建議(做某事)例如：Heproposedbuildingabridgeacrossthisriver.

他建議在這條河上造一座橋。Theyproposetobegintonight.

他們打算今晚開(kāi)始。

9)like/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具體行為；+doingsth表示抽象,傾向概念例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.

注意：如果這些動(dòng)詞前有should一詞，其后賓語(yǔ)只跟不定式，不能跟動(dòng)名詞。例如：

Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow.10)need,want,require+doing表被動(dòng)意義；+todo表示主動(dòng)意思。例如：Theteacherwantsustocleantheclassroomimmediately.Weneedtocleantheclassroom.Theclassroomneedstobecleaned.Theclassroomrequirescleaning.11)can’thelp+todo不能幫助做某事can’thelp+doing禁不住做某事二．不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞不定式可以在句子中用作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(vt.)+賓語(yǔ)(人/物)+不定式(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))ask(請(qǐng))/tell(告訴)/teach(教)/want(想要)/wouldlike(想要)/get(讓)/help(幫)/invite(邀請(qǐng))/like(喜歡)/warn(警告)/+sb./sth.+todomake(使得)/let(讓)/hear(聽(tīng))/see(看)/feel(感覺(jué))/watch(觀看)/have(使得)/help(幫助)+sb./sth.+do（注：此為省略to的不定式）如：Mumaskedmetohelpherwiththecooking.媽媽叫我?guī)椭鲲垺wouldlikeyoutoseemyparents.我想要你見(jiàn)見(jiàn)我的父母。Thebossoftenmadetheworkerswork14hoursaday.老板常讓工人們一天工作14小時(shí)。Nowletmehearyouplaytheviolin.現(xiàn)在讓我來(lái)聽(tīng)你拉小提琴。注意：省略to的不定式做感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，在改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，to要還原。例如：Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.注意：help之后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可以省略；hear/see/feel/watch之后的賓補(bǔ)用不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí),含義不同,需特別注意。試比較：IheardhercryingwhenIwalkedpast.我路過(guò)時(shí)聽(tīng)到她正在哭。(指當(dāng)時(shí)瞬間的情況)Isatnearherandheardhersingthenewsong.我坐在她附近聽(tīng)她唱新歌。(指整個(gè)過(guò)程)注意：只有不定式和分詞可以做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。盡管動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同，但是動(dòng)名詞從本質(zhì)上來(lái)講，充當(dāng)?shù)氖敲~的功能，所以絕對(duì)不能做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。試比較下列幾組句子：Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ))/Seeingisbelieving.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),分別作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ))/Heranafteramovingbusandgotontoit.(現(xiàn)在分詞,作定語(yǔ))/Hisfathersawhimsittingonsomeeggs.(現(xiàn)在分詞,作賓補(bǔ))2.不定式還可以作狀語(yǔ)。1）目的狀語(yǔ)To…onlyto(僅僅為了),inorderto,soasto,so(such)…asto…(如此……以便……)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我來(lái)僅僅是向你告別。2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。WhathaveIsaidtomakeyouangry.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.3)表原因I'mgladtoseeyou.典型例題Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto___.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton答案：B.如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。三．動(dòng)名詞的特殊句型1) Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名詞+doingsth.

Itisnouse/nogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收 Itisnogoodobjecting.反對(duì)也沒(méi)有用。Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.勸說(shuō)這樣的人加入真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子們一起玩真好。

2) Itis+useless+doingsth.

Itisuselessspeaking.光說(shuō)沒(méi)用。

3) Thereisno+doing...(thereisno表”不可能”)

Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo.說(shuō)出他要干什么是不可能的。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.對(duì)這種事情不是開(kāi)玩笑。Thereisnosayingwhenhe'llcome.很難說(shuō)他何時(shí)回來(lái)。

4) Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm)+doingsth.做某事沒(méi)用(不好/意義/意義/壞處)

Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.牛奶灑了，哭也無(wú)用。Thereisnopointaskinghisparentsforthemoney,fortheyarepoor.向父母要錢是沒(méi)有意義的，因?yàn)樗麄兒芨F。There’snosenseincriticizinghim.批評(píng)他也沒(méi)有用。There’snosenseinwaitingthreehours.等三小時(shí)是沒(méi)有意義的。Thereisnoharmhavingawalkafteryourmeal.飯后散步是沒(méi)壞處的。

5) havedifficulty/trouble/problem+(in)+doing

have作有解時(shí)，后接情感名詞(in可省略)，再接動(dòng)名詞。這類詞還有trouble,fun,ahardtime,agoodtime. 例如：Wehaddifficulty(in)carryingouttheplan.我們執(zhí)行計(jì)劃有困難。6) feellike+名詞/動(dòng)名詞=wouldliketo+原形動(dòng)詞感覺(jué)像，想要

Ifeellikeanewbornbaby.我感覺(jué)像一個(gè)新生的嬰兒。 Ifeellikehavingashower.=Iwouldliketohaveashower.7) spend/wastetimedoingsth.

Theyspentalottime(in)makingpreparations.他們花了許多時(shí)間作準(zhǔn)備。四、動(dòng)名詞練習(xí)1．____yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.（2014湖南）A.Understanding B.TobeunderstoodC.Beingunderstood D.Havingunderstood2.It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellike_________foraswim?（2014陜西）A.togo B.going Cgo D.havinggone3.Peoplecouldn'thelp____thefoolishemperorintheprocession.

A.laughat B.tolaughat C.laughingat D.laughingon4.We'relookingforward____thephotoexhibition.

A.tovisiting B.tovisit C.tohavingvisited D.visiting5.Thissentenceneeds____.

A.aimprovement B.improve C.improving D.improved6.—Whatareyougoingtodothismorning?—I'mthinkingof____tovisitmyaunt.

A.go B.going C.havinggone D.mygoing7.Ireallyenjoy____thatkindofjob.

A.do B.doing C.todo D.tobedoing8.Onlyoneofthesebooksis____.

A.worthtoread B.worthbeingread

C.worthofreading D.worthreading9.Ican'timagine____thatwiththem.

A.do B.todo C.beingdone D.doing10.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed____.

A.catching B.tobecaught C.beingcaught D.tocatch五、不定式練習(xí)1.Therearestillmanyproblems______beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.（2014北京）A.solving B.solved C.beingsolved D.tobesolved2. ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions，weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.（2014湖南）A. HavingfreedB.Freed C.Tofree D.Freeing3.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone______asecurityofficer.(2014山東)A.employedB.beingemployedC.toemployD.employs4.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only_________iddidn’tfit（2014天津）A.tofindB.foundC.findingD.havingfound5Groupactivitieswillbeorganizedafterclass__childrendevelopteamspirit.（2014重慶）A.helpingB.havinghelpedC.helpedD.tohelp6. Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.

A.go B.togo C.going D.went7. LastsummerItookacourseon_____.

A.howtomakedresses B.howdressesbemade

C.howtobemadedresses D.howdressestobemade8. Iknowhim_____agoodbasketballplayerwhileincollege.

A.tohavebeen B.tobe C.was D.hadbeen9. Iwassurprised_____.

A.watchinghimtoeatsoquickly B.watchhimeatsoquickly

C.watchinghimeatsoquickly D.towatchhimeatsoquickly10. Nowwecouldnotdoanythingbut_____forhimhere.

A.waited B.waiting C.towait D.wait11. Idon’tknowherandIdon’t_____.

A.want B.wantto C.wantit D.wantso12. Toplayfairisasimportantas_____.

A.toplaywell B.playwell C.weplaywell D.playingwell13. It’smostfoolish_____so.

A.foryoutosay B.ofyoutosay C.withyousaying D.inyoursaying14. Ihavenopen_____.

A.writing B.towrite C.towritewith D.tobewriting15. Thoselettersare_____tothecountrysiderightaway.

A.tobesent B.sending C.tohavebeensent D.sentPartB分詞一、分詞的基本形式：分詞一般式完成式進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在分詞doing（not）doing（not）havingdone（not）Doing過(guò)去分詞done（not）done（not）havingdonenotbeingdone二、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的意義（一）現(xiàn)在分詞：表示“主動(dòng)”意義，即“其邏輯主語(yǔ)是該分詞所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者”。分詞所作的成分不同，其邏輯主語(yǔ)不同?；疽?guī)律是：定語(yǔ)——所修飾的名詞；賓補(bǔ)——賓語(yǔ)；狀語(yǔ)——句子的主語(yǔ)。經(jīng)典例句：ThemanstandingatthegateismyEnglishteacher.WhenIcameintheclassroom,Isawmyclassmatesstudyinghard.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentouttohavearest.（二）過(guò)去分詞：通常表示“被動(dòng)”意義（不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞除外），即“其邏輯主語(yǔ)是該分詞所表示動(dòng)作的接受者”。分詞所作的成分不同，其邏輯主語(yǔ)不同?；疽?guī)律是：定語(yǔ)——所修飾的名詞；賓補(bǔ)——賓語(yǔ)；狀語(yǔ)——句子的主語(yǔ)。經(jīng)典例句：Seeninthedarknight，lightsontopoftallbuildingslooklikestarsinthesky.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.Ihavehadmybikerepaired,andI'mgoingtohavesomebodyrepairmyradiotomorrow.（三）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)不是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)我們需要在分詞前加上一個(gè)“名詞或代詞”表示分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即：名詞/代詞+分詞，句子（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）。分詞前面的名詞或代詞成為“主格詞”。經(jīng)典例句：Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead．Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.三、分詞練習(xí)題1.Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget________.Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.（2014安徽） A.promote B.promoted C.promoting D.topromote2.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople_______theopeningceremonyliveonTV.（2014北京）A.watch B.towatchC.watched D.watching3.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout______..（2014北京）A.recognizing B.beingrecognized C.havingrecognized D.havingbeenrecognized4.thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.（2014福建）A.SpendingB.SpentC.HavingspentD.Tospend5.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying________.（2014福建）A.connectedB.connectingC.toconnectD.tobeconnected6．Children，when bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.（2014湖南）A.tobeaccompanied B.toaccompanyC.accompanying D.accompanied7. Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,_____atthenightsky.（2014湖南）A.tostare B.staring C.stared D,havingstared8Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor______whent