Unit1SciencefictionReviewUsefulStructures課件高中英語人教版選擇性

Reviewusefulstructures

Unit1ScienceFictionSophiaisconsideredthemostadvancedAIrobotintheworld.AreyouinterestedinSophia?Let’swatchashortvideoaboutSophiabeinginterviewedbyaneditor.Lead-inSocleverisSophia,andshehasbeenawarded

thefirstSaudicitizenshipforarobot.Thisishistoricaltobethefirstrobotintheworldtoberecognized

withacitizenship.ThatmeansSophiaisalwayshappytobesurrounded

bypeople.Sheanswersthatherhappyplaceiswhensheiswithpeople.Passivevoice

isusedinthesesentences.Inthevideo,Sophiaisbeinginterviewed

bytheeditor-in-chiefofStylist.Whenshe

isaskedwhatherhappyplaceis,howdoessheanswer?Find

thesimilaritiesbetweenthefollowingunderlinedwords.助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞Itwasgoingtobetested

outbyLarry’swife,Claire.(para1)…butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.(para2)Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman,anditwasdisturbing.(para3)…shewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,…(para4)Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops,…(para6)SosherangTonyandtoldhimshewasbeingtreatedbadly.(para6)Howawfultobediscoveredbyher,Clairethought.(para6)…,whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed,wouldbeready.(para7)Scanthereadingtextandunderlinealltheverbsinthepassivevoice.(P5)Thendiscusswithapartnerwhythepassivevoiceisused.Thepassivevoiceisusedtofocusonthepersonorobjectthatexperiencesanaction

ratherthanthepersonorobjectthatperformstheaction.指出句中的主謂賓語。We

kept

foodinthefridge.We

mustclose

thewindowsandthedoor.SV.O.SV.O.Foodwaskept(byus)

inthefridge.Thewindowsandthedoormustbeclosed.語態(tài)用來表示主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。在主動語態(tài)中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是執(zhí)行動作的人或物，即主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；而在被動語態(tài)中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是接受動作的人或物，即主語是動作的承受者。Whatispassivevoice?Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyher...

shewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot.

Arobotisofferingsympathytoher.1.不知道或沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者。3.廣播、廣告、新聞、標(biāo)題中。SatisfactionGuaranteed/Manwanted.Whenshouldweusepassivevoice?Thestreetiscleaned(clean)bythedustmeneverymorning.

Thesebookwerewritten(write)in1969.Somepinetreeswillbeplanted(plant)intheparktomorrow.Anewbridgeisbeingbuilt(build)overtherivernow.Allthelettershavebeenposted(post)sofar.

2.一般過去時:1.一般現(xiàn)在時:am/is/are+done3.一般將來時:4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:Structuresofpassivevoice5.現(xiàn)在完成時:was/were+donewillbe+doneam/is/arebeing+donehave/hasbeen+doneTheroadswerebeingwidened(widen)lastweekatthistime.Shehadsaidthatthebridgehadbeenwashed(wash)awaybytheflood.Thebabymustbelooked(look)afterwell.6.過去進(jìn)行時:7.過去完成時:

8.含有情態(tài)動詞:

was/werebeing+donehadbeen+done

must/can/may…+bedoneStructuresofpassivevoice一般時進(jìn)行時完成時現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdone

was/weredoneshall/willbedonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendoneshall/willhavebeendonehas/havebeendoneSummarizethestructuressofthepassivevoice?

?用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空P10①TheXi’anCityWall

wasbuilt

?

（build）originallytoprotectthecityintheTangDynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.

②Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25

isconsidered

?

（consider）healthy.

③Everyone’spay

willbeincreased

?

（increase）nextyearby5%.

④Itisthefirsttimethattheactress’sperformance

hasbeenrecognised

?

（recognise）bythedirector.

⑤Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar

isbeingrepaired

?

（repair）atthegarage.

wasbuilt

isconsidered

willbeincreased

hasbeenrecognised

isbeingrepaired

(1)

接雙賓語的動詞變被動結(jié)構(gòu)主動語態(tài)：++被動語態(tài)：①一般將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,直接賓語不變。

②將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,間接賓語之前則應(yīng)加介詞to或for。

e.g.He

gave

her

some

money.

She

was

given

some

money.

(間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z)Some

money

was

given

to

her.(直接賓語變主語)動詞間接賓語（人）直接賓語(物)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動形式②Myunclegavemeapresenttheotherday.P11→

Apresentwasgiventometheotherdaybymyuncle.

?

→

Iwasgivenapresenttheotherdaybymyuncle.

?

Apresentwasgiventometheotherdaybymyuncle.

?

Iwasgivenapresenttheotherdaybymyuncle.

?

練習(xí)：(2)有一類接賓語從句的動詞，如say,expect,report,think,believe,suppose,consider,know,其被動語態(tài)有兩種變法:

①itisdone+that從句

②sth/sbisdonetodo

e.g.Peoplesaythathehasbrokenaworldrecord.

Itissaidthathehasbrokenaworldrecord.

He

issaidtohavebrokenaworldrecord.

練習(xí)：Weexpectthatourteamwillwinthegame.

Itisexpectedthat

ourteamwillwinthegame.

Ourteamisexpectedtowinthegame.“it+be+過去分詞+從句”式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

e.g.It’ssaidthatshehassomesupernaturalpowers.

It’sreportedthattheyhavediscoveredanewstar.常見的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：Itisknownthat...眾所周知Itissuggestedthat...有人建議Itisbelievedthat...人們相信(3)

在“make/see/hear/watch/notice+sb+do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，后面的賓補(bǔ)do為省略to的不定式，變被動語態(tài)時，省略的to要還原。eg:Theymade

him

gotherealone.Hewasmade

togotherealone.

①Wesawastrangerenterthebuildingjustnow.P11→

Astrangerwasseentoenterthebuildingjustnow.

?

Astrangerwasseentoenterthebuildingjustnow.

?

③Thebadweathermademedecidetostayhereforanotherday.→

Iwasmadetodecidetostayhereforanotherdaybythebadweather.

?

Iwasmadetodecidetostayhereforanotherdaybythebadweather.

?

練習(xí)：(4)“動詞+介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的動詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)（如lookafter,puton,payattentionto）也可以變被動語態(tài)，此時該結(jié)構(gòu)可視為“及物動詞”不可分割，即他們原來所帶的介詞或副詞必須保留。

eg:Sheoftenlooksaftertheelderly.Theelderlyareoftenlookedafterbyher.

練習(xí)：④MyuncletookgoodcareofmewhenIwasyoung.P11→

IwastakengoodcareofbymyunclewhenIwasyoung.

?

IwastakengoodcareofbymyunclewhenIwasyoung.

(5)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，由“情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。e.g.Theproblemmaybesolvedinanumberofdifferentways.Inourschool,librarybooksmustbereturnedintwoweeks.Thehighwayshouldbeextendedby200kmtothattown.(6)“get+done”構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)用來表示狀態(tài)或情況,?？嫉男问饺纾?/p>

getmarried結(jié)婚

getengaged訂婚

gethurt/wounded受傷

getlost迷路

getdrunk喝醉了

getcaught/stuck/trapped被困

getdressed穿好衣服

getrunover被(車)軋1)有些不及物動詞主動形式可表被動意義。

①.某些連系動詞，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste等后跟形容詞或名詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，沒有被動。

e.g.Thefoodtastedbetterthanitlooked.

②.某些與can’t,won’t等連用的不及物動詞，如move,lock,shut,open等。

e.g.Itcan'tmove.Thedoorwon'tshut.主動形式表示被動意義③.某些動詞如read,write,wash,sell,drive,eat,shut等被用做不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，用主動表被動，主語通常是物。常與well,easily，badly等副詞連用的不及物動詞，

e.g.Mynewpenwriteswell.Theclothdoesn’twasheasily.Thiskindofbooksellswell.2)非謂語動詞的某些主動形式表示被動意義①.在“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示的動作與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，用主動形式表示被動意義。常見形容詞有：cheap,easy,comfortable,difficult,hard,light,heavy,expensive,pleasant,interesting,fit等。

e.g.Thequestionis

difficulttoanswer.

練習(xí)：這個問題很容易解決。Theproblemiseasytoworkout.②.在beworthdoing和betoblame結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞-ing形式或動詞不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。

e.g.Thematchiswellworthwatching.Whoistoblameforthemistake?Thepolicyispartlytoblameforcausing

theworstunemploymentinEurope.③.當(dāng)want,need,require表示“需要”時，其賓語可用動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義。

e.g.Thecarpetreallywantscleaning

(=wantstobecleaned).Mosthouseplantsrequirewatering

(=require

tobewatered).?

?用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空P11①Hisbooks

sell

?

（sell）well，sotheywillbesoldoutsoon.②Thischeese

doesn’tcut

?

（notcut）easily.It’stoosoft.

③Thesesmalltreesneed

taking/tobetaken

?

（take）goodcareof.

sell

doesn’tcut

taking/tobetaken

①不及物動詞（短語）不能用于被動語態(tài)。常見的有happen,last,rise,occur,breakout,takeplace,cometrue,consistof,loseheart,belongto等短語動詞。eg:Thewarbrokeoutin1941.ThesportsmeetingwilltakeplacenextMonday.②系動詞也不能用于被動語態(tài)，常見的有l(wèi)ook,seem,appear,feel,taste,remain,stay,become,grow,go等eg:Thiskindofmaterailfeelssmooth.

不能用于被動語態(tài)的情況Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.ThentrytotranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.1Whatisdonecannot_________.(undo)2Janet______________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould___________tothecakemix.(add)beundonewaselectedbeadded木已成舟/覆水難收。珍妮特上個月當(dāng)選為學(xué)生會主席。蛋糕料里需要加入兩百克面粉。Practice4A3,000-seatvenue______________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)5Workingefficiency______________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)willbebuilthasbeenimproved一個擁有三千座位，供馬戲表演使用的場地將于十一月建成。自從采用了新軟件，工作效率就被提升了。6Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage____________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)isallowed經(jīng)濟(jì)艙的乘客每人僅允許攜帶一件隨身行李。8WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman'ssalary________________________atthemeeting.(discuss)wasbeingdiscussed我進(jìn)會議室的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)正在討論銷售員的薪水.7Itisagreathonourformeto____________toaddressthisinternationalAIconference.(invite)beinvited我很榮幸能被邀請在AI大會上發(fā)言。9WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExamination.Heisexpectedto______________toatopuniversity.(admit)beadmitted使用轉(zhuǎn)換為盲文的高考試卷，一位高中的視障學(xué)生考取了630分(總分650)。他有望被一所名校錄取。exploretranslatediscoverregardrepresentsetuprecruitwritegetcaughtupconnectSciencefiction___________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand___________.TheThree-BodyProblem,_________byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.TheworkwasfirstpublishedinaChinesesci-fimagazinein2006andprintedasathree-volumebookin2008.isregardedwrittenexploredReadtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.Whenthefirstvolume____________intoEnglishbyChinese-AmericanauthorKenLiu,