英美文學(xué)作品中的女性形象研究外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

文獻(xiàn)出處:AllisonD.TheresearchonfemaleimageinBritishandAmericanliterature[J].FeministFormations,2016,1(5),62-76.原文TheresearchonfemaleimageinBritishandAmericanliteratureAllisonDAbstractBritishandAmericanmodernliteraryworkscreatedmanyimagesofwomen,inAmericaandBritaininthegalleryofmodernliteratureandart,becometheoneunique.Thesefemalecharactersinliteraryworkshavedifferentbackgroundandexperienceofthewriter,presentadifferentspiritandpersonalitycharacteristics.Atthesametime,oneachofthecharacters,alsowiththeculturalbackgroundoftheeraandsocialcustoms.ThroughreadingthefemaleimageofmodernBritishandAmericanliterature,forustobetterunderstandthataneraandthemodernAmericanandBritishwomenisofgreatsignificance.ModernBritishandAmericanliteraryworkscreatedalargefemaleimagegivetimecharacteristics,uniqueasafemaleimageoftheperiod.Keywords:Moderntimes;BritishandAmericanliterature;Femaleimage1TheevolutionofthefemaleimageWecantracetheoriginoftheearliestwomen'sliteratureimagebacktoancientGreekandRomanliterature,then,haveamedievalknightlove,fromtheproudladytoup-to-datednessoroppressionofwomen,thepursuitofindividualityliberationfromtheRenaissancetotheromanticperiodnewfemaleindependentpersonality,thepursuitofequality,totheperiodofrealismemphasizesself-awarenessofwomen,thewholeisalsoahistoryofwomen'sdevelopmentandgrowth.Intheseliteraryworks,withthedevelopmentofthesocietyandideologicalprogress,femaleimagemoreandmorerich,alsomoreandmoreindependentpersonality.Interpretationofwomeninliteraryhistory,itisinabetterunderstandingofthefemale'swoes,historyofthegrowthandmaturity.1.1TherenaissanceperiodTheRenaissanceisBritishandAmericanliteraturehistoryagreatliberationofhumanthought.Duringthisperiod,people'sself-consciousnessawakening,especiallywomen,thousandsofyearsinthedisciplineoftheshacklesoffeudalideas,finallygotapersonalitythegreatliberationofthought.Therefore,womeninthisperiod,simpleisgood,loyaltolove,hasstrongagainsttradition,theologicalideology,andevenmanysenators,missalsobraveenoughtobreakthebondageoffamilytopursuetheirownideallove.Thefemininefeaturesofthisperiod,hasagoodperformanceinShakespeare'sworks.InShakespeare'sworks,hisbasicshapeonthefrontoftheimageofwomeniskind,sincere,andbeautifulandothercharacteristics,inordertolove,cangiveupeverything,boldlywithsocial,familyresistance.Themosttypicalexampleisforthepeopleoftheworldarefamiliarwith"RomeoandJuliet”.Inordertopursuetheirownlove,Julietcanputyourownfamilyfeudsaside,cangiveuphislifeforhislover.OnJuliet,reflectedthetypicalEuropeanRenaissanceperiodwomenpursuitoffreedomofmarriagethepersonalitycharacteristicsoflove,somuchsothatmanyyearslater,whenJuliet'simage,isstillstandingintheworldasanothernameforyoungmenandwomenloveliteratureandartgallery.Womeninthisperiod,however,arenotpure,beautiful,suchasJulietloyaltytothenewwomanoflove.Asatypicalformofopposite,theRenaissanceliberatedhumanity,alsomakesomepeoplegototheextremedesiretoindulge.PerformanceinShakespeare'sworks,whichistheladyMacbeth,MacbethgeneralinKingLear.Thesewomenhavehighsocialstatusandgreatfreedom,theirbehaviorratherthanthepursuitoffreelove,butakindofhumannature,evenunderthehugeambition,underthedriveofthegreedydesire,theywillbeveryuglyinhumannatureandimmortality.Theyusetheirownrightsandstatus,toindulgeoneselffollowone'sinclinationsly,todrownintheseaofdesire,cannotextricateoneself,alsodonotwanttoextricatethemselves.1.2TheromanticperiodExperiencedaRenaissancehumanismthoughtliberation,toenterattheendofthe18thcenturyearly19thcentury,thebourgeoisietoriseontheEuropeancontinent,profoundlyaffectedthechangeofhumanisticthought.Theemergenceofalargenumberofindependentwomenwriters,addaseriesofrichimagethree-dimensionalliteratureforliteratureofwomen.Amongthem,themosttypicalistheBritishwriterJaneAusten;hermostfamouswomenpursueindependentwritingconsciousness,thenovel"prideandprejudice",successfullyrecordedatthetimethehumanitiesstateoffemaleindependentself-esteem,learnaboutlifeplanningthought,theconditionofexistence.JaneAusten'sprideandprejudice,themiddle-classwomen'simageonbehalfofElizabeth.TheheroineElizabethwasborninthetownofthelandlordclasssociety,missfamilynotveryrich,butalsothegeneralworkingpeoplefamilyappearshigh.Duetobirthclasssurfaces,hermotherandsistertoholdtheclassoftypicalchasingvanitymentality.Elizabethgrewupundersuchenvironment,thepursuitofthearrogantrichDarcy,showedclearlyalienation.AndElizabethimagecontrast,Elizabeth'ssisterandmotherofrichkidsDarcyareverywarm.AndElizabethforDarcyarrogancehefilledwithprejudice.Later,withthehelpoftheDarcy,Elizabeththroughthetestoftime,fortheirownlikeofthepersonaswellasDarcychangedconsistentlyarrogance,andtwopeoplefinallyhappymarriage.InthenovelofJaneAusten,shapedthelifeElizabethsuccessfullyinbourgeoisemergenceperiodoffemaleimage,andElizabeth,thefemaleimagehasstrongrepresentative.Onherbody,vividlyreflectstheindependenceofthevalues,marriage,theyopposedtomoneymatterandconcludedthemarriagerelationship,buttheyalsoobjectedtoamarriagewithoutmaterialfoundation.Itshowsthesocialideologywhentheriseofthebourgeoisie,hasstrongcharacteristicsofpragmatism."Prideandprejudice"oftheheroineElizabethhasmarriageindependentconsciousness,sheopposedmarriage,lovebasedmarriagemansion,andisalwaysstressedtheimportanceofmarriageforwomen.Inmarriagerelationship,Elizabethhasalwaysinsistedonhisindependence,women'sstatusofself-esteem;requireequalityinmarriageloverelationship.But,wecanalsosee,Elizabethisstillnotwomen'seconomicindependence,inthelovebasedmarriage,Elizabethontheeconomyisintheattachment.Andeconomicindependenceornot,itwilldirectlyaffectthestatusofwomeninthesocialfamily.1.3TherealismperiodThe18thand19thcenturyBritishandAmericansociety,alongwiththegrowingstrengthofthebourgeoisie,thechangeofthesocialandpoliticalpower,alsoaffectsthedeepdevelopmentofthehumanities.Amongthem,theAmericanandBritishtotheprosperityofhistoricalmaterialism,dialectics,hasagreatinfluenceforliterature.Womeninthisperiod,undertheimpetusofthebourgeoisideology,alsohaveastrongsenseofself,theyfromEuropeanRenaissanceperiodofthe"people"totheenlightenmentof"female",fromthepowerofthespiritworldastheessenceofthewomen,haveaqualitativeleap.Strongtimesbreathinfectiontheideologyofthefemale,theywentthroughtheagoniesofideologicalfission,finallynewwomenappearedasanindependentself-esteem,self-improvementandself-relianceinthehistoryofBritainandtheUnitedStates.ChangesofTheTimes,withthechangesisinthesocialconsciousnessofwomenisboundtoaffecttheliteraryworksofthechangeofaestheticvalues.Amongthem,thewomenimagetorepresenttheperiodcharacteristicofthemosttypicalliteratureischarlotteBronte'sJaneEyre.JaneEyrewasbornisquitelow,andlooksordinary,thereisnogeneralliteratureintheliterarybeautyofexternalimage.Sheisjustahumbleweakwithoutanyexternalcharacteristicsofordinarywoman.Butthatishowitis,awomanlooksnosurvivaladvantage,onthewaytogrowonyourown,butalwaysadheretothecleargoalinlife.Herself-respect,independence,inthefaceisstrongerthanhismanyMr.Rochester;shealsodisplaysastrongindependence.Sheneverthoughtofmarriagebyrelyingonmentochangetheirlivingconditions.InlovewithRochester,JaneEyre,maintaineddistinctindependencefrombeginningtoend,fromthepersonalityindependencetoeconomicindependence,shebearwiththeirweaklifebravelytobearall,maintainedhishumblebutindependentself-esteem,itisinthisstrongsenseofindependentself-esteem,JaneEyrebecometheearlynineteenthcenturyattheendoftheeighteenthcenturyrealism,thefemaleimageinliteraryworks.2FemaleimageshapinginBritishandAmericanliteratureAnalysisofEnglishandAmericanliteratureworksofthehumanitiesimagecreation,throughmodernliteraryworksofBritishandAmericanwomen'simagecomparison,wetomoredeeplyunderstandthemodernBritishandAmericanfemaleimageinliteraryworks.2.1WomenappearanceshapeBecauseoftheinfluenceofthetraditionalhistoryandculture,BritishandAmericanculturalenvironment,aestheticinteresthasabigdifference.Therefore,charactersreflectedinliteraryworks,theBritishandAmericanliteratureandartaestheticsfocusonsimulationsoftheexternalformandrepresentationforsomething,socharactersintheworksofBritishandAmericanliteratureappearancedescriptionalsofocusonthedescriptionofitsexternalappearance.SuchasDumasladameauxcamellias,forappearance,LaTravoltaisspecifictohereyes.Thenosedidveryfigurativedescriptionformappearance,andsoon.TraditionalaestheticimageryinAnglo-Americanculture,shapingthecharacters,thefocusison"and"externalcharacters,therefore,inshapingthecharacterimage,isfocusedmoreondetailsofthecharacters.2.2WomenimagelanguagedifferencesExperiencedaRenaissance,enlightenmentindividualityliberationthoughtsflushingofBritishandAmericanwomen,hadaboldpersonalityandemotionalexpression,independentdirectnessandsoonthepersonalitycharacteristicsofdirectly,therefore,manifestedinliteraryworks,ismorethanwomenintheformofoperadirectdisplaysofemotion,theinnerworld.ThetraditionalOrientalculturehasalwaysbeenInvestigateimplicative.Therefore,performanceintheliteratureonthecharacterizationofhowmuchistheemotionalexpressionofthecharactersandinnermonologuebyeuphemismscenefoil,suchasenvironmentdescriptionwaytoexpress.3ConclusionsTosumup,throughthefemaleimagesinthemodernAmericanandBritishandAmericanliteratureworksreadingindepth,wemoredeeplyfeeltheAnglo-Americanculturaltraditions,forAmericanandBritishwomen'spersonality,alsohaveamoreprofoundunderstanding.Theyhaveexperiencedthezeitgeistofinfluence,isreflectedintheirbody.ForeasternfemaleimageshapingthecontrastofEnglishandAmericanliteratureworks,hasenabledustomoredeeplyunderstandtheBritishandAmericanculture,theinfluenceoftheformationforhumanitiescharacterrole.譯文英美文學(xué)作品中的女性形象研究AllisonD摘要英美近代文學(xué)作品中塑造了諸多的女性形象，在英美近代文學(xué)藝術(shù)的長(zhǎng)廊中，成為獨(dú)特的那一個(gè)。這些文學(xué)作品中的女性人物形象，有不同背景、不同經(jīng)歷的作家創(chuàng)作出來，呈現(xiàn)出不同的精神風(fēng)貌、個(gè)性特色。同時(shí)，在每一個(gè)人物形象的身上，還深蘊(yùn)著那一時(shí)代的人文背景、社會(huì)風(fēng)俗。通過解讀英美近代文學(xué)作品中的女性形象，對(duì)于我們更好地了解那一個(gè)時(shí)代以及近代英美女性具有重大的意義。近代英美文學(xué)作品中塑造了很大賦予時(shí)代特征的女性形象，成為那一時(shí)期女性形象的獨(dú)特代表。關(guān)鍵詞：近代；英美文學(xué)；女性形象1女性形象的演變我們可以將最早的女性文學(xué)形象的源頭追溯到古希臘羅馬文學(xué)作品中，然后以此一脈相承，有中世紀(jì)的騎士愛情，從驕傲的貴婦到或嫻淑或暴虐的女性，從文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期追求個(gè)性解放到浪漫主義時(shí)期人格獨(dú)立、追求平等的新女性，再到現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期突出強(qiáng)調(diào)自我意識(shí)的女性，這整個(gè)就是一部女性的發(fā)展史與成長(zhǎng)史。在這些文學(xué)作品中，隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展與思想意識(shí)的前進(jìn)，女性形象越來越豐富，個(gè)性也越來越獨(dú)立。解讀文學(xué)作品中的女性發(fā)展史，就是在更好地了解女性的血淚史，成長(zhǎng)史、成熟史。1.1文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，是英美文學(xué)史上人類思想的一次大解放。在這一時(shí)期，人的自我意識(shí)舒醒，特別是女性，在規(guī)訓(xùn)了幾千年的封建思想束縛下，終于獲得了一次個(gè)性思想的大解放。因此，這一時(shí)期的女性，單純善良，忠于愛情，具有強(qiáng)烈的反傳統(tǒng)、反神學(xué)思想意識(shí)，而且就連很多官宦人家的小姐，也勇敢地沖破家庭的束縛去追求自己的愛情理想。這一時(shí)期的女性特點(diǎn)，在莎士比亞的作品中有著很好地表現(xiàn)。在莎翁的筆下，他塑造的正面的女性形象基本都具有善良、真誠、美麗等特點(diǎn)，為了愛情，可以放棄一切，大膽地與社會(huì)、家庭相抵抗。最為典型的例子就是為世界人民所熟悉的《羅密歐與朱麗葉》。為了追求自己的愛情，朱麗葉可以將自己的家庭恩怨情仇放到一邊，可以為了自己的戀人而放棄自己的生命。在朱麗葉的身上，體現(xiàn)了典型的歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期女性追求自由婚姻愛情的個(gè)性特征，以至于多少年后，朱麗葉的形象，依然被作為青年男女愛情的代名詞而屹立于世界文學(xué)藝術(shù)的長(zhǎng)廊。但是，這一時(shí)期的女性，并不都是如朱麗葉這樣的單純、美麗、忠誠于愛情的新女性。作為反面的典型，文藝復(fù)興解放了人性，也使一些人走到了欲望放縱的極端。表現(xiàn)在莎士比亞的筆下，就是《麥克白》中的麥克白夫人，《李爾王》中的高納里爾。這些女性具有很高的社會(huì)地位與極大的自由，她們的行為并不是追求愛情自由，而是一種人性的放縱，甚至于是在龐大的野心促使下，在貪婪的欲望的驅(qū)動(dòng)下，她們將人性中極為丑惡的一面彰顯出來。她們利用自己的權(quán)利與地位，隨心所欲地放縱著自己，將自己淹沒在欲望之海中，不能自拔，也不想自拔。1.2浪漫主義時(shí)期經(jīng)歷了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的人文思想大解放，進(jìn)入十八世紀(jì)末期十九世紀(jì)初期，歐洲大陸上資產(chǎn)階級(jí)地崛起，深刻地影響到人文思想的改變。一大批個(gè)性獨(dú)立的女性作家的出現(xiàn)，為文學(xué)史增添了一系列豐富形象立體的文學(xué)女性。其中，最為典型的就是英國女作家簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀，她最為著名的書寫女性追求獨(dú)立、自覺意識(shí)的長(zhǎng)篇小說《傲慢與偏見》，成功地記錄了當(dāng)時(shí)人文狀態(tài)下的女性獨(dú)立自尊、對(duì)人生學(xué)會(huì)規(guī)劃的思想、存在狀況。簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀的《傲慢與偏見》，塑造了中產(chǎn)階級(jí)女性形象的代表伊麗莎白。女主人公伊麗莎白是出身于當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)小鎮(zhèn)地主階層的小姐，家境不是特別富有，但是，又較一般的勞動(dòng)人民家庭顯得高貴。由于出生階級(jí)的拘囿，她的母親和姐姐持有那個(gè)階級(jí)典型的追慕虛榮的心態(tài)。在這樣生存環(huán)境下長(zhǎng)大的伊麗莎白，在傲慢的富家子弟達(dá)西的追求下，表現(xiàn)出了鮮明地疏離態(tài)度。與伊麗莎白形象相對(duì)比，伊麗莎白的姐姐和母親對(duì)富家子達(dá)西則表現(xiàn)的非常熱烈。而伊麗莎白因?yàn)檫_(dá)西的傲慢態(tài)度對(duì)他充滿了偏見。后來，在達(dá)西的努力下，伊麗莎白經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)，達(dá)西也為了自己的喜歡的人而改變了一貫的傲慢態(tài)度，從而兩個(gè)人最終喜結(jié)姻緣。在簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀的這部小說中，成功地塑造了伊麗莎白這個(gè)生活于資產(chǎn)階級(jí)興起時(shí)期的女性形象（完整譯文請(qǐng)到百度文庫）而且伊麗莎白這一女性形象具有很強(qiáng)的代表性。在她的身上，鮮明地體現(xiàn)出了當(dāng)時(shí)獨(dú)立性的價(jià)值觀、婚姻觀，她們反對(duì)為了金錢物質(zhì)而締結(jié)的婚姻關(guān)系，但是，她們也反對(duì)沒有物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)的婚姻。表現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級(jí)崛起時(shí)的社會(huì)意識(shí)形態(tài)，具有強(qiáng)烈的實(shí)用主義特征?！栋谅c偏見》的主人公伊麗莎白已經(jīng)具有了婚姻獨(dú)立的意識(shí)，她反對(duì)物質(zhì)婚姻，主張以愛情為基礎(chǔ)的