遼寧省名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期3月聯(lián)合考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1遼寧省名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期3月聯(lián)合考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AChineseDualLanguageImmersionProgram(CDLIP)WhatisDualLanguageImmersion?Duallanguageimmersionprovidesacademicinstructionintwolanguages.ThePasadenaUnifiedSchoolDistrictcurrentlyoffersaChinese-Englishimmersionprogram.WhyChoosetheCDLIP?Learningasecondlanguageawakenscuriosityandrespectforothernationsandtheircultures.Chineseisnotonlyarichlanguagewithalongliterarytradition,butithasalsoemergedasaninfluentialworldwidelanguage.OurCDLIPpromotescross-culturalsensitivity,sothatstudentscanlearnabouttheglobalizedworld.FornativeChinesespeakers,ourprogramensuresfulldevelopmentandmasteryofEnglishlanguageartswhilehelpingthembecomemorefluentintheirmothertongue.OurClassroomsTheCDLIPservesprimaryschoolstudents,fromkindergartenthroughsecondgrade.Grades3,4and5willbeaddedinSeptemberof2022,2023and2024,respectively.TheprogramiscurrentlylocatedatLutherBurbankPrimarySchool.Onanygivenday,youmightfindaclassroomfullofkindergartnerscountingandsortingcoins,firstgraderssinging“TheMoreWeGetTogether”,orsecondgradersdescribingphysicsexperiments—allinChinese!HowDoestheProgramWork?CDLIPclassroomscombinenativeandnon-nativespeakerssothatallstudentsmaysucceedinbothChineseandEnglish.WeapplyaTwoWay90:10Model.Inkindergarten,90%oftheday’sinstructionisinChineseand10%isdevotedtoimprovingEnglishorallanguageandtheabilitytoreadandwrite.Aschildrenprogressthroughgradelevels,thepercentageofEnglishinstructiongraduallyincreases,finallyachievinga50:50splitbyfifthgrade.ToRegisterYourChildLanguagelearningisalong-termprocess,soparentsareaskedtoregistertheirchildrenforthefullsixyears.●Registeronlineatwww.pusd.us/oebetweenJune13and23.●Theprogramisfree,supportedbythePasadenaUnifiedSchoolDistrict.●Forkindergarten,noknowledgeofChineseisnecessary.(SomeknowledgeofChineseisexpectedforstudentsenteringgrades1-3.)●Applicationswillbeacceptedafterthedeadlineifspacesarestillavailable.●Ifyouwouldlikeassistancetocompleteyourapplication,pleasecontactMs.NettyLiatBurbankPrimarySchool(626)396-5760orvisitPUSDWelcomeCenter.1.AfterattendingtheCDLIP,studentswillbeableto________.A.masterChinesearts B.developcross-culturalawarenessC.handdowntraditionalliterature D.understandworldhistory2.TheCDLIPisintendedfor________.A.primaryschoolstudents B.childrenandtheirparentsC.Chineseteachingassistants D.1-3-year-oldchildren3.WhatcanyoufindinCDLIPclasses?A.Kindergartnersspendingmoretimepracticingreading. B.Studentsfocusingonsciencevocabulary.C.Higher-gradestudentsusingmostlyChinese. D.Studentslearningthroughsongsandactivities.〖答案〗1.B2.A3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹中英雙語(yǔ)浸入式課程的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhyChoosetheCDLIP?中“OurCDLIPpromotescross-culturalsensitivity,sothatstudentscanlearnabouttheglobalizedworld.(我們的中文雙語(yǔ)浸入式課程提高了跨文化的敏感度，這樣學(xué)生就可以了解全球化的世界)”可知，參加了中英雙語(yǔ)浸入式課程后，學(xué)生將能夠培養(yǎng)跨文化意識(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheCDLIPservesprimaryschoolstudents,fromkindergartenthroughsecondgrade.(CDLIP為從幼兒園到二年級(jí)的學(xué)生提供服務(wù))”可知，CDLIP旨在服務(wù)于小學(xué)生。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Onanygivenday,youmightfindaclassroomfullofkindergartnerscountingandsortingcoins,firstgraderssinging“TheMoreWeGetTogether”,orsecondgradersdescribingphysicsexperiments—allinChinese!(在任何一天，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)教室里滿(mǎn)是幼兒園的孩子們?cè)跀?shù)硬幣和分類(lèi)硬幣，一年級(jí)的學(xué)生在唱《我們?cè)谝黄鸬娜兆釉絹?lái)越多》，二年級(jí)的學(xué)生在描述物理實(shí)驗(yàn)——所有這些都是中文！)”可知，學(xué)生通過(guò)歌曲和活動(dòng)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。故選D項(xiàng)。BItwasaweekaftermymomhadpassedawayandIdidn’tknowhowtogoonwithlife.SowhenIreceivedane-mailfromafriendaboutaracebenefitingcancerresearch,Iignoredit.Itseemedtoprick(刺痛)myheart,ascancerwasthediseasethattookmymotherawayfromme.Butsomethingaboutmyfriend’swords—“Icanhelporganizethewholething”—stuckwithme.Ifeltobliged(有義務(wù)的)toagree.Intheweekstocome,Imanagedtore-entertheworldoftheliving.Icheckedourteam’swebsitedaily,feelingproudeachtimeadonationcontributedtoourtotal.Iknewmymomwouldhavewanteditthatway.Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspiritthathelpedmegetby.Whentheraceended,Inoticedtherunnersallhadonethingincommon:Therewerebigsmilesontheirfaces.Theymadeitlooksorewardingandeffortless.Iwantedin.SoIenrolledinanotherracetwomonthslater.ConsideringIcouldbarelyrunamile,itwasambitious.ButmyfriendandImadeatrainingplansoIwouldn’tcomeinlast.Ifolloweditreligiouslyanddidn’tletanythinggetinmyway.Runningupanddownthecity’shills,Iwasfloodedwithmemories.Ihadlivedtherebeforecollegeandmymotherhadvisitedoften.IpassedBloomingdale’s,recallingthetimesheandIhadgottenintoascreamingargumentthere.IwasabouttobeatmyselfupwhenIrememberedwhatMomhadsaidafterherdiagnosisofcancer.“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.”Herpaper-thinhandshadheldmetightly.Aweightwasliftedfrommyshoulders.Whentheracedayarrived,Igaveitmyallformymomandforallshehadtaughtmeandcontinuedtoteachme.AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.4.Whydidtheauthorignorethee-mailinthebeginning?A.Shefeltithardtofinishtherace. B.Shehadnotimetojoinintheevent.C.Shewasremindedofhermother’sdeath. D.Shethoughttheresearchmeaningless.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“religiously”inparagraph4mean?A.Optimistically. B.Carelessly. C.Carefully. D.Quickly.6.Whichofthewordscanbestdescribetheauthor’smom?A.Considerateandpolite. B.Strong-willedandcaring.C.Braveandhumorous. D.Outgoingandpatient.7.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheLossofSweetMemories:RunningWithMomB.RunningWithMom’smemory:AHealingJourneyC.Mom’sJourneyofHealing:RacingWithHonorD.InMemoryofMom:AnHonoredRun〖答案〗4.C5.C6.B7.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者母親去世之后，作者對(duì)母親的回憶及母親賜予作者的力量，使他能夠從悲傷中走出來(lái)，積極面對(duì)生活?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“Itseemedtoprick(刺痛)myheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.（這件事似乎刺痛了我的心，正是癌癥奪去了我母親的生命。）”可知，這封郵件使作者想起了因癌癥過(guò)世的母親。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)句“anddidn’tletanythinggetinmyway.（并且不讓任何事情阻礙我的道路。）”可知，作者做事非常認(rèn)真，不讓任何事情成為阻礙。由此猜測(cè)，劃線(xiàn)詞意為“認(rèn)真地”，與carefully同義。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.（她是那種永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被打敗的人。）”可知，作者的母親意志力堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，結(jié)合第六段第二句“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.（我不希望你對(duì)任何事情感到內(nèi)疚。）”說(shuō)明母親關(guān)心愛(ài)護(hù)作者。所以作者母親是一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，又體貼的人。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.（在賽跑的時(shí)候，每當(dāng)我想慢下來(lái)的時(shí)候，就會(huì)看到母親鼓勵(lì)我的畫(huà)面。）”及最后一段“Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.（通過(guò)終點(diǎn)線(xiàn)時(shí)，我內(nèi)心充滿(mǎn)了她的關(guān)愛(ài)和一種平和感。）”并結(jié)合上文作者對(duì)母親的回憶，可知母親治愈了作者，正是母親的鼓勵(lì)，他才能完成比賽。因此B項(xiàng)“帶著媽媽的記憶奔跑:一段治愈之旅”可以作為文章的最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。COfthemorethan3,000speciesofmosquitoesintheworld,justasmallnumberspecializeinsuckinghumanblood.Howmosquitoestrackusdownsoeffectivelyisn’tcurrentlyknown,butitmatters,sincetheycarrydangerousdiseaseswhichmaycausedeath.“Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantedtounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.Mosquitoesmostlychoosewhattobitebasedonodor(氣味).Knowinghowapotentiallydisease-carryingmosquitofindsaperson,whileignoringotherwarm-bloodedanimals,isakeyquestion.Butit’snoteasytoanswer,sinceanyanimalsmellismadeupofhundredsofchemicalsmixedtogetherinspecificpercentage.“Theactualchemicalsthatarefoundinhumanodorarebasicallythesameasthechemicalsfoundinanimalodor—it’sthepercentagesandtherelativelargeamountofthosesubstancesinhumanmixturesthat’sunique,”saidGauff.Toinvestigate,researchersdecidedtorecordneuralactivityinthebrainofmosquitoeswhileexposingthemtonaturalhumanandanimalodorsamples.Theycollectedodorsamplesfromabout40differentanimals.Whentheycomparedsomeofthosewiththe16humansamples,somethingjumpedout.Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.Commoninthenaturalworld,inhumans,decanalcomesfromanother,morecomplexsubstance.Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.Thisacidisonlyfoundinhumanbeings.It’swhatlikelyleadstothehighlevelsofdecanalthathelpthemosquitoessmelltheirwaytous.Understandingwhatthemosquitoesaretargetingisonlypartofthestory;knowinghowtheydoitisalsoimportant.Toseeexactlyhowmosquitoesusethissense,scientistsusedgeneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因的)mosquitoessothattheycouldcutopenmosquitoes’headsandwatchneuronsfiringwhenthey’reexposedtohumanandanimalodors.Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivities.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.Howtokeepmosquitoes’decanalsignalfrombeingtransmittedwillbetheresearchteam’snextfocus.Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.8.What’sthefinalpurposeoftheresearchconductedbyGauff’steam?A.Tostudywhyonlycertainmosquitoessuckhumanblood.B.Toinvestigatetheneuralactivityinmosquitoes’brains.C.Totesttheeffectivenessofmosquitokillers.D.Tohelppreventdeadlydiseasescausedbymosquitoes.9.Towhichsubstance(s)wouldmosquitoesmostlybeattracted?A.Remainsofdecomposedsapienicacid. B.Chemicalsintheenvironment.C.Decanalgeneratedinhumanblood. D.Naturaloilfromhumanskin.10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Chemicalsfoundinhumanandanimalodorsarequitedifferent.B.Geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesarenotsensitivetohumanodor.C.Furtherresearchwillfocusonodorsignalandneuralconnection.D.Mostmosquitoneuronsarenotinvolvedinrespondingtohumanodor.11.Fromthelastparagraph,whichoptionaccuratelydescribesthefutureusageofGauffandhisteam’sresearch?A.Developingmoreeffectivemosquitokillers.B.Studyingofmosquitoneuralconnectionsinresponsetoodorsignals.C.Analyzingthetypesofneuronsinmosquitoes.D.Discussingthebenefitsforpreventingmosquitoesfromtransmittingthedecanalsignal.〖答案〗8.D9.A10.D11.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章討論了CarolynGauff及其團(tuán)隊(duì)努力了解蚊子，尤其是攜帶危險(xiǎn)疾病的蚊子是如何找到并攻擊人類(lèi)的?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantedtounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.(普林斯頓神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所的生態(tài)學(xué)和進(jìn)化生物學(xué)教授CarolynGauff說(shuō)：“事實(shí)上，阻止這些討厭的昆蟲(chóng)的活動(dòng)，每年可以挽救多達(dá)50萬(wàn)因這些疾病而喪生的人?！边@就是為什么Gauff的團(tuán)隊(duì)想要了解蚊子如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和瞄準(zhǔn)人類(lèi)的原因)”以及最后一段“Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.(Gauff希望他們目前的工作可以用于制造滅蚊劑和引誘劑，以預(yù)防疾病)”可知，Gauff團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行的研究的最終目的是幫助預(yù)防蚊子引起的致命疾病。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.Commoninthenaturalworld,inhumans,decanalcomesfromanother,morecomplexsubstance.Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.(人體皮膚中的癸醛含量特別豐富。在自然界和人類(lèi)中很常見(jiàn)，癸醛來(lái)自另一種更復(fù)雜的物質(zhì)。當(dāng)我們皮膚的天然油脂的一種成分——皂酸——分解時(shí)，就會(huì)留下癸醛)”可知，蚊子最容易被分解后的皂酸殘留物吸引。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivities.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.(研究小組已經(jīng)知道蚊子有大約60種不同類(lèi)型的感知?dú)馕兜纳窠?jīng)元，所以當(dāng)他們觀(guān)察昆蟲(chóng)的大腦時(shí)，他們認(rèn)為他們可能會(huì)看到很多活動(dòng)。但它出奇地安靜，這意味著信號(hào)可能非常簡(jiǎn)單，只有幾種類(lèi)型的神經(jīng)元?！坝幸环N神經(jīng)元對(duì)人類(lèi)和動(dòng)物的反應(yīng)都非常強(qiáng)烈。另一種神經(jīng)元對(duì)兩者都有反應(yīng)，但它對(duì)人類(lèi)的反應(yīng)比動(dòng)物強(qiáng)烈得多，”高夫說(shuō))”可知，蚊子有大約60種不同類(lèi)型的神經(jīng)元來(lái)感知?dú)馕?，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)只有幾種類(lèi)型的神經(jīng)元才會(huì)對(duì)人類(lèi)和動(dòng)物氣味作出反應(yīng)，可得出大多數(shù)蚊子神經(jīng)元不參與對(duì)人類(lèi)氣味的反應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.(高夫希望他們目前的工作可以用來(lái)制造蚊子殺滅劑和引誘劑來(lái)預(yù)防疾病)”可知，高夫和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究的未來(lái)用途是開(kāi)發(fā)更有效的滅蚊劑。故選A項(xiàng)。DMyuniversityhasnowtoppedtheU.S.News&WorldReportrankingsfor11yearsrunning.GivenPrinceton’ssuccess,youmightthinkIwouldbeafanofthelist.Notso.Don’tgetmewrong.IamproudofPrinceton’steaching,researchandcommitmenttoservice.Ilikeseeingourqualityrecognized.Rankings,however,areamisleadingwaytoassessuniversities.Differentschoolshavedistinctstrengths,structuresandmissions.Theideaofpickingoneas“best”,asthougheducationalprogramscompetedlikeathleticteams,isstrange.However,theU.S.Newsrankingsattractgreatattentionandahugecustomerbase.Applicantsandtheirfamiliesrelyontherankingsandfeelpressuretogetintohighlyregardedinstitutions.Asaresult,manyschoolsmakeintenseeffortstomoveupintherankings.Thiscompetitionproducesdamagingconsequences.Forexample,someuniversitiesavoiddoingdifficultbutvaluablethings—suchasadmittingtalentedlower-incomestudentswhocansucceedatuniversityifgivenappropriatesupport.Still,studentsandfamiliesneedcomparativeinformationtochooseuniversities.Ifrankingsmislead,whatisthealternative?Forgenerations,buyershaveturnedtoConsumerReportsforadviceaboutalmosteverythingexceptuniversityeducation.WhenConsumerReportsevaluatesaproduct,itassessesmultiplefactorssothatpotentialbuyerscanmaketheirownchoicewisely.Similarly,universityapplicantsneedinformationaboutsomebasicvariables.Graduationratesarecrucial.Auniversitythatdoesnotgraduateitsstudentsislikeacarwithabadmaintenance(維修)record.Itcostsmoneywithoutgettingyouanywhere.Whatapplicantsneedisnottheaveragegraduationrate,buttherateforstudentswithbackgroundsliketheirown.Forexample,someplacessuccessfullygraduatetheirwealthystudentsbutdolesswellforlower-incomestudents.Applicantsshouldalsoseesomemeasureofpost-graduationoutcomes.Hereisapartiallistofotherfactorsthatmatter:costoftuition(學(xué)費(fèi))andfees;high-qualityteachersactivelyengagedinundergraduateinstruction;andalearningculturecomposedofdiversestudentswhostudyhardandeducateoneanother.Judgedbythesecriteria,manyschoolscouldbe“ConsumerReportsBestBuys”.Applicantsshouldbeexcitedtogetintoanyofthem;theyshouldpicktheonetheyfindmostappealing;andtheyshouldnotwastetimeworryingaboutwhichis“thebest”.ItwouldbegreattohaveaConsumerReportsforuniversities.Ihopethatsomenationalpublicationwillhavethecouragetoproduceanannual,user-friendlyConsumerReports-styleanalysisofhighereducationinstitutions,evenifitisnotasattractiveasafootball-stylesetofrankings.Inthemeantime,thoseofuswhounderstandtheimperfectionintherankingsmustcallthemout—evenwhen,indeedespeciallywhen,wefinishatthetop.12.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsuniversityrankings?A.Supportive. B.Indifferent. C.Disapproving. D.Neutral.13.WhydoestheauthormentionConsumerReports?A.Torevealthemultiplicityofconsumers.B.Topresenttheinformationofpotentialbuyers.C.Tohighlightthedifficultyofchoosinguniversities.D.Toemphasizetheneedofoverallevaluationofuniversities.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.ItisnotlikelytohaveaConsumerReportsforuniversities.B.Themostsuitableuniversityforapplicantsmaynotrankthetop.C.Theaveragegraduationrateiscrucialtolower-incomeapplicants.D.Thetopuniversitiescanseetheimperfectionintherankingsbetter.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thereisnosuchthingasagoodorbadstudent.B.Educationequalityisanidealhardtoberealized.C.Analternativeapproachisneededtoassessuniversities.D.Discriminationagainstpoorstudentsbringslossoftalents.〖答案〗12.C13.D14.B15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了大學(xué)排名是是一種誤導(dǎo)性的評(píng)估方式，所以作者用其他的方法來(lái)評(píng)估大學(xué)?！?2題詳析】觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Rankings,however,areamisleadingwaytoassessuniversities.”(然而，排名是一種誤導(dǎo)性的大學(xué)評(píng)估方式。)可知，作者認(rèn)為排名是一種誤導(dǎo)性的大學(xué)評(píng)估方式，由此可以推斷出，作者對(duì)大學(xué)排名的態(tài)度是不贊成的，C選項(xiàng)“Disapproving”(反對(duì)的；不贊成的)符合，A.Supportive.支持的；B.Indifferent.漠不關(guān)心的；D.Neutral.中立的，均不符，故選C。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ifrankingsmislead,whatisthealternative?Forgenerations,buyershaveturnedtoConsumerReportsforadviceaboutalmosteverythingexceptuniversityeducation.WhenConsumerReportsevaluatesaproduct,itassessesmultiplefactorssothatpotentialbuyerscanmaketheirownchoicewisely.Similarly,universityapplicantsneedinformationaboutsomebasicvariables.”(如果排名誤導(dǎo)了別人，那還有什么選擇呢？幾代人以來(lái)，除了大學(xué)教育，消費(fèi)者幾乎都是從《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》中獲得各方面的建議。當(dāng)《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》評(píng)估一個(gè)產(chǎn)品時(shí)，它評(píng)估了多個(gè)因素，以便潛在的買(mǎi)家能夠明智地做出自己的選擇。同樣，大學(xué)申請(qǐng)者需要一些基本變量的信息。)可知，作者提到《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)大學(xué)綜合評(píng)價(jià)的必要性，故選D。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“theyshouldpicktheonetheyfindmostappealing;andtheyshouldnotwastetimeworryingaboutwhichis“thebest”.”(他們應(yīng)該挑選自己認(rèn)為最有吸引力的學(xué)校，而不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)時(shí)間擔(dān)心哪一所學(xué)校是“最好的”。)可知，申請(qǐng)者應(yīng)該申請(qǐng)自己認(rèn)為最有吸引力的學(xué)校而不是那些排名最好的學(xué)校，由此可以推斷出最適合申請(qǐng)者的學(xué)校，不一定是排名最好的學(xué)校，故選B?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段中的“ItwouldbegreattohaveaConsumerReportsforuniversities.Ihopethatsomenationalpublicationwillhavethecouragetoproduceanannual,user-friendlyConsumerReports-styleanalysisofhighereducationinstitutions,evenifitisnotasattractiveasafootball-stylesetofrankings.”(如果能有一份大學(xué)的《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》就好了。我希望一些全國(guó)性的出版物有勇氣對(duì)高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行一年一度、用戶(hù)友好型的消費(fèi)者報(bào)告分析，即使它不像足球式的排名那么有吸引力也沒(méi)關(guān)系。)可知，文章主要講述了大學(xué)排名是是一種誤導(dǎo)性的評(píng)估方式，所以要用其他的方法來(lái)評(píng)估大學(xué)，即大學(xué)需要另一種評(píng)估方式。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）Inourmodernworld,thereareendlessalternatives.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfwonderingwhetheryoushouldquitorstayinyourjob,acceptanofferorgiveitupforanother?Thereisasimpleandpracticalmethodthatsolvesthisproblem.____16____Whenyouunderstandtheconcept,youhavethepowertomeasureeveryalternativewithprecisionandmaketherightdecision.Inthefieldofeconomics,opportunitycostisthevaluethatyouhavetogiveupwhenyouchooseanoptionoveranothergoodoption.____17____Everytimeyouchoosesomething,yougiveupotheralternativestogetherwiththeirfinancialbenefits.Itisnotalltheotheroptions,butthemostvaluedonethatisdefinedastheopportunitycost.____18____Takethesimpleexampleoftryingtodecidewhethertotakepublictransportationfor80minutesortodrivefor40minutes.Youmightsaveonthecostofgaswhileridingthebusbutdoublethetriplengthandmissoutonotherthingsyoucouldhavedoneduringthattime.____19____Thisishowyoucreateprioritiesinyourdailylife.Thoughusefulindecisionmaking,thebiggestdrawbackofopportunitycostisthatit’softenrelatedtowhat’shardtoquantify.____20____Afterall,puttinganumbertoyourpeacefulmindorhappinesscanbedifficult.Opportunitycostisn’tcutanddried.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.Attheendoftheday,youareinchargeofwhatyouownandwhatyouwanttogain.A.Itisaboutfindingouttheopportunitycost.B.Weighthelossesandgains,andmakeyourdecision.C.Opportunitycostmattersnotonlyineconomicsbutalsoinreallife.D.Thisisespeciallytruewhentheopportunitycostisofnon-financialbenefit.E.Thekeyprincipleunderlyingtheideaisthatthereisnosuchthingasfreelunch.F.Mostpeopleoverlookopportunitycostbecausethebenefitsareusuallyhiddenfromview.G.Itisthedevelopmentofimportantskillsthatwouldhelpyoumoveforwardinyourdailylife.〖答案〗16.A17.E18.C19.B20.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了機(jī)會(huì)成本?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Thereisasimpleandpracticalmethodthatsolvesthisproblem.(有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用的方法可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。)”和下文“Whenyouunderstandtheconcept,youhavethepowertomeasureeveryalternativewithprecisionandmaketherightdecision.(當(dāng)你理解了這個(gè)概念，你就有能力精確地衡量每一個(gè)選擇，并做出正確的決定。)”可知，空處提到了一個(gè)概念，就是機(jī)會(huì)成本。A項(xiàng)中的“theopportunitycost”和下文中的“theconcept”對(duì)應(yīng)。A項(xiàng)：Itisaboutfindingouttheopportunitycost.(這是關(guān)于找出機(jī)會(huì)成本。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選A?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Everytimeyouchoosesomething,yougiveupotheralternativestogetherwiththeirfinancialbenefits.(每次你選擇某樣?xùn)|西，你就放棄了其他的選擇以及它們的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。)”可知，下文舉例說(shuō)明機(jī)會(huì)成本的具體實(shí)施原則，選擇了某樣?xùn)|西，就要放棄其他的選擇以及它們的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。E項(xiàng)：Thekeyprincipleunderlyingtheideaisthatthereisnosuchthingasfreelunch.(這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵原則是，天下沒(méi)有免費(fèi)的午餐。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。【18題詳析】空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文“Takethesimpleexampleoftryingtodecidewhethertotakepublictransportationfor80minutesortodrivefor40minutes.(舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子，試著決定是乘80分鐘的公共交通工具還是開(kāi)車(chē)40分鐘。)”可知，本段主要講述機(jī)會(huì)成本在日常生活中的應(yīng)用。C項(xiàng)：Opportunitycostmattersnotonlyineconomicsbutalsoinreallife.(機(jī)會(huì)成本不僅在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中很重要，在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中也很重要。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。【19題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Youmightsaveonthecostofgaswhileridingthebusbutdoublethetriplengthandmissoutonotherthingsyoucouldhavedoneduringthattime.(你可能會(huì)在乘坐公共汽車(chē)時(shí)節(jié)省汽油費(fèi)用，但會(huì)使行程長(zhǎng)度增加一倍，并錯(cuò)過(guò)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)你可以做的其他事情。)”可知，在做決定之前要權(quán)衡利弊。B項(xiàng)：Weighthelossesandgains,andmakeyourdecision.(權(quán)衡得失，再做決定。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Thoughusefulindecisionmaking,thebiggestdrawbackofopportunitycostisthatit’softenrelatedtowhat’shardtoquantify.(雖然機(jī)會(huì)成本在決策中很有用，但它最大的缺點(diǎn)是它往往與難以量化的東西有關(guān)。)”可知，此處提出機(jī)會(huì)成本的局限性，結(jié)合下文“Afterall,puttinganumbertoyourpeacefulmindorhappinesscanbedifficult.(畢竟，用一個(gè)數(shù)字來(lái)形容你內(nèi)心的平靜或快樂(lè)是很困難的。)”可知，像情緒等非經(jīng)濟(jì)利益機(jī)會(huì)成本難以形容。D項(xiàng)：Thisisespeciallytruewhentheopportunitycostisofnon-financialbenefit.(當(dāng)機(jī)會(huì)成本是非經(jīng)濟(jì)利益時(shí)尤其如此。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Overtheweekend,a____21____damagedhouses,roads,andbridges,leavingmanypeoplenowheretogo.ThepowerfulflooddamagedHagan’sbridge,leavinghimandhiswife____22____fromthecommunity.Heturnedtosocialmediabutnever____23____hewouldreceiveacallfromhisgrandson’scoachRyanJesop.“TheHaganshavedonesomuchforthisarea,soitwasa(n)____24____decisiontohelp,”Jesopsaid.TheSwitzerlandCountyfootballcoachdrewupaplantellinghisteamtobuildanewbridge____25____theoldbrokenone.Haganreceiveda(n)____26____thatateamwouldbeathishouseMondayat9a.m.towork.“PeopleI’dneverseenbeforewerewalkingdownmydrivewaytohelpus,”Hagansaid,“Itwas____27____andbroughttearstomyeyes.”____28____,thesteelframebasestructure(鋼架基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu))ofthebridgewasn’tdamagedbytheflooding.Dozensofpeoplewenttothebridgeand____29____theoldoneplank(木板)byplank.Thentheteambuiltitbackupby____30____anassemblyline(流水線(xiàn)).“The____31____ofourteamistohelpthemthroughteamwork,”studentLinebackerGabrielRosesaid.Theteam____32____theprojectinonlyafewhours.“Theywerehereatnineo’clock,andIlookedatmy____33____whenitwasdoneanditwas11:45.”Hagansaid.TheHagansnowreconnectedwiththeir____34____thankstotheirgrandson’sfootballteam.AsforCoachJesop,heischalkingitupasthebiggest____35____oftheseason.21.A.snow B.fire C.flood D.landslide22.A.separated B.saved C.freed D.hidden23.A.agreed B.expected C.remembered D.explained24.A.difficult B.rough C.easy D.tough25.A.inhonorof B.inneedof C.incaseof D.inplaceof26.A.invitation B.message C.opinion D.report27.A.touching B.shocking C.frightening D.confusing28.A.Fortunately B.Suddenly C.Surely D.Personally29.A.tookin B.tookup C.tookoff D.tookapart30.A.recording B.protecting C.creating D.changing31.A.reason B.problem C.trip D.goal32.A.designed B.moved C.researched D.completed33.A.bridge B.door C.watch D.house34.A.company B.competitors C.neighbourhood D.students35.A.win B.risk C.hope D.task〖答案〗21.C22.A23.B24.C25.D26.B27.A28.A29.D30.C31.D32.D33.C34.C35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講的是洪水摧毀了Hagan家的橋，切斷了他們與外界的聯(lián)系。Hagan求助媒體，卻意外接到孫子的教練的來(lái)電，在孫子的教練球隊(duì)重建了橋之后，他們?cè)僖淮闻c鄰居取得了聯(lián)系?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：上周末，一場(chǎng)洪水摧毀了房屋、道路和橋梁，使許多人無(wú)處可去。A.snow雪；B.fire火災(zāi)；C.flood洪水；D.landslide滑坡。根據(jù)下文“Thepowerfulflood”可知，洪水摧毀了房屋。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：強(qiáng)大的洪水摧毀了Hagan的橋梁，使他和他的妻子與社區(qū)分離。A.separated使分開(kāi)；B.saved救；C.freed釋放；D.hidden躲藏。根據(jù)上文“ThepowerfulflooddamagedHagan’sbridge”可知，橋被毀了，Hagan和妻子與社區(qū)分離了。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他求助于社交媒體，但從未預(yù)料到他會(huì)接到孫子教練RyanJesop的電話(huà)。A.agreed同意；B.expected預(yù)料；C.remembered記得；D.explained解釋。根據(jù)下文“hewouldreceiveacallfromhisgrandson’scoachRyanJesop”以及but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，可知，他孫子的教練給他打來(lái)電話(huà)，這是他沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的。故選B。【24題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Hagan一家為這個(gè)地區(qū)做了很多，所以幫助他們是一個(gè)很容易的決定。A.difficult困難的；B.rough（表面）粗糙的；C.easy容易的；D.tough困難的。根據(jù)上文“TheHaganshavedonesomuchforthisarea”可知，因?yàn)镠agan一家為這個(gè)地區(qū)做了很多，所以是應(yīng)該得到別人的幫助的，因此此處表示“幫助他們是一個(gè)很容易的決定”。故選C?！?5題詳析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：瑞士郡的足球教練制定了一個(gè)計(jì)劃，讓他的球隊(duì)在舊的斷橋上建造一座新橋。A.inhonorof為了表示尊敬和欽佩；B.inneedof需要；C.incaseof萬(wàn)一；D.inplaceof代替。根據(jù)上文“anewbridge”和下文“theoldbrokenone”可知，用新橋代替舊的。故選D?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Hagan收到消息說(shuō)，周一上午9點(diǎn)會(huì)有一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)到他家工作。A.invitation邀請(qǐng)；B.message消息；C.opinion觀(guān)點(diǎn)；D.report報(bào)道。根據(jù)下文“ateamwouldbeathishouseMondayat9a.m.towork”可知，周一上午9點(diǎn)會(huì)有一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)到他家工作，這是他收到的消息。故選B。【27題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它很感人，讓我熱淚盈眶。A.touching感人的；B.shocking令人震驚的；C.frightening令人害怕的；D.confusing令人困惑的。根據(jù)下文“broughttearstomyeyes”可知，Hagan哭了，說(shuō)明這很感人。故選A?！?8題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，橋梁的鋼框架基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有被洪水破壞。A.Fortunately幸運(yùn)的是；B.Suddenly突然；C.Surely無(wú)疑，肯定；D.Personally親自。根據(jù)下文“thesteelframebasestructure(鋼架基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu))ofthebridgewasn’tdamaged”可知，橋梁的鋼框架基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有被洪水破壞，這是幸運(yùn)的。故選A?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：幾十個(gè)人走到橋邊，一塊一塊地把那座舊橋拆開(kāi)。A.tookin吸收；B.tookup占據(jù)；C.tookoff起飛；D.tookapart拆開(kāi)。根據(jù)下文“oneplank(木板)byplank”可知，他們一塊一塊地把那座舊橋拆開(kāi)了。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)建立一條裝配線(xiàn)來(lái)重建它。A.recording記錄；B.protecting保護(hù)；C.