2024年廣東省英語(yǔ)中考總復(fù)習(xí)代詞講義

代詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)考查題型具體考查內(nèi)容人稱代詞語(yǔ)法選擇(2021)33.It，Its，They，Theirs短文填空(2023)66．putit(2022)75.celebratedit(2021)66．madehim物主代詞語(yǔ)法選擇(2023)32.he,him,his(2022)40.she,her，hers反身代詞//指示代詞//不定代詞//疑問(wèn)代詞//基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞類別人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves1．人稱代詞主格通常作主語(yǔ)，賓格常作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。2．形容詞性物主代詞用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)，不能單獨(dú)使用；當(dāng)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，形容詞性物主代詞與own連用，表示“某人自己的”。名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞”，具有名詞的特征，須單獨(dú)使用。3．反身代詞可作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。反身代詞常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)：teachoneself＝learnbyoneself自學(xué)helponeself隨便吃byoneself獨(dú)自地，單獨(dú)dressoneself自己穿衣服enjoyoneself玩得開(kāi)心loseoneself迷路注意：多個(gè)人稱代詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的順序：?jiǎn)螖?shù)是you,he/sheandI；復(fù)數(shù)是we,youandthey。提升練習(xí)(A)1．(2023天津)teachertalkedtoaboutthestoriesoftheSilkRoad.A．Our;us B．Our;weC．Ours;us D．Ours;we(A)2．(2023揚(yáng)州)Thechildrenhavepaintedsincecouldfirstpickupabrush.A．they B．themC．their D．themselves(B)3．(2023黑龍江)Wewon'tbelieveituntilseeitwithowneyes.A．our;us B．we;our C．we;ours(C)4．(2023懷化)Mymother'sbirthdayiscoming．Iwillbuyagiftfor．A．she B．hers C．her指示代詞1．指示代詞this,that,these,those單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)用法例句thisthese指在空間和時(shí)間上較近的事物Thiscityisverybeautiful.thatthose指在空間和時(shí)間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物Thosearemyfavouriteflowers.注意：在電話用語(yǔ)中，稱呼自己用this，稱呼對(duì)方用that。如：—Who'sthatplease?—Hello!ThisisBobspeaking．2．it,one,that作代詞的區(qū)別代詞用法例句it指上文提到過(guò)的事物Thisroomismine．Itissmallbuttidy.one泛指上下文提及的同類事物中的一個(gè)Thedressesarepretty,andIwanttobuyone.that常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，如指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)要用those，避免重復(fù)TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thetreesoutsidetheyardaretallerthanthoseinside.3.多功能it的用法用法例句用于指人以外的一切生物及無(wú)生命的事物Itlookslikeacat！表示時(shí)間、天氣、季節(jié)、距離等It'sanhour'swalkfrommyhometotheschool.用于上文提及的內(nèi)容Youmustn'tplayontheroad.It'sdangerous.用作形式主語(yǔ)，常用于“It's＋adj.(＋for/ofsb.)＋todosth.”“Ittakes/tooksb．…todo…”等句型中It'simportantforustokeepthewaterclean.Ittookmeaweektofinishreadingthebook.用作形式賓語(yǔ)，常用于“sb.＋動(dòng)詞＋it＋adj.＋todosth.”句型中，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞有find，think，make，consider，feel等Hefounditnoteasytolearnalanguagewell.用于固定搭配中，如“It'stimetodosth./forsth.”“It'sone'sturntodosth.”“Itseemsthat…”等It'stimetohavesupper．(C)5．(2023涼山)Thetwinslookthesame,soeventheirfatherfindsdifficulttotellthemfromeachother.A．that B．this C．it不定代詞1．不定代詞的判定(1)根據(jù)定義判斷：不指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞。如：somebody，anything。(2)根據(jù)用法判斷：既可以置于名詞前，又可以指代名詞。如：manyboys，allofyou。2．不定代詞的辨析不定代詞辨析例句some,any(1)都是“一些”的意思，都可以修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞(2)some多用于肯定句中；any多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句中(3)表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)或征求意見(jiàn)的問(wèn)句，通常要用some而不用anyTomhassomebooks．Doyouhaveanyquestions?Hedoesn'thaveanypens.Wouldyouliketohavesomewater？few,afew(1)few修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示否定(2)afew修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示肯定Hehasfewfriends．Hehasafewfriends.little,alittle(1)little修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定(2)alittle修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞，表示肯定Thereislittlewater．Thereisstillalittlewaterleft.many,much(1)many修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(2)much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞Manyboysareinterestedine－games.Thetoycostmuchmoney.both,either，neither(1)both指兩者都(2)either指兩者中的任意一個(gè)(修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))(3)neither指兩者都不(作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))Heisblindinbotheyes.There'renotreesoneithersideoftheriver.Neitheranswerisright.all,none(1)all指三者或三者以上都，或指不可數(shù)的事物(2)none指三者或三者以上都不(作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，多與of構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)noneof，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可)；既可指人又可指物Aretheyallstudents?Noneofthefilmsis/arenice．noone，nobody表示三者或三者以上全部否定，只用于指人不用于指物，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Noone/Nobodyhasreadthisbook．each,every(1)each指兩者或兩者以上，側(cè)重于個(gè)體(2)every指三者或三者以上，側(cè)重整體；不能單獨(dú)使用，只有與名詞連用或構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞時(shí)，才能作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)Therearetreesoneachsideoftheroad．EverychildenjoysChristmas.續(xù)表不定代詞辨析例句another，other，others，theother,theothers(1)another“又一；另外的”，既可作形容詞又可作代詞(2)other“另外/其他一些”，后接名詞(3)others“另外/其他一些人或物”，后不接名詞(4)theother表示“兩者/部分中的另一個(gè)/部分”(5)theothers＝theother＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“剩余的人或物”(其后不接名詞)Willyousinganothersong?She'sreadytohelpotherpeople.Weshouldthinkofothers．Tomhastwopets．Oneisadog,andtheotherisabird.Ihavesomepens.Twoofthemarered,andtheothersareblue.3．復(fù)合不定代詞分類some－any－no－every－用法人somebodyanybodynobodyeverybody(1)作單數(shù)，表示“某物”“某人”等(2)在修飾不定代詞時(shí)，形容詞要放在不定代詞之后。如：somethingnewsomeoneanyonenooneeveryone物somethinganythingnothingeverything(C)6．(2023鎮(zhèn)江)Thetwinbrothersaregoodatfootballandofthemhaveatalentforsports.A．neither B．eitherC．both D．a(chǎn)ll(C)7．(2023菏澤)—Hurryup!Thebusisleavingsoon.—Don'tworry．Thereistimeleft.A．no B．little C．a(chǎn)little(B)8．(2023東營(yíng))—HaseverbeentoMars?—No,notyet．Maybeinthefuture．A．nobody B．a(chǎn)nybodyC．somebody D．everybody疑問(wèn)代詞1．疑問(wèn)代詞的判定疑問(wèn)代詞是用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句的代詞，如：who，whom，whose，which，what。用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中，一般放句首，并在句中充當(dāng)句子成分。2．疑問(wèn)代詞的用法疑問(wèn)代詞詞義例句what什么Whatclassishein?Whatisherfather？which哪個(gè)；哪些Whichisbetter?Whichcitydoyoulikebest?who誰(shuí)(主格)Whohelpedyouwithyourhomework？whom誰(shuí)(賓格)WhomdidyouvisitlastSunday?whose誰(shuí)的Whosebikewaslostyesterday？注意：在口語(yǔ)中who可以代替whom。(A)9．(2023丹東)—isthisbasketball?—Perhapsit'sourEnglishteacher's．Helikessports.A．Whose B．Where C．How D．Which強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練代詞在語(yǔ)法選擇中的運(yùn)用★1．形容詞性物主代詞作定語(yǔ)(2023廣東)Attheageofseven,Davidhad32firstastronaut(宇航員)trainingexperience.32．A．he B．him C．his【思路點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)句意可知，七歲那年戴維有了他第一次宇航員訓(xùn)練的經(jīng)歷。設(shè)空后的“firstastronauttrainingexperience”是名詞短語(yǔ)，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。故選C。★2．人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(2021廣東)WorkersstartedtobuildthebridgeinMay,2018．33cost$2.8millionandtookovertwoyearstocomplete.33．A．It B．ItsC．They D．Theirs【思路點(diǎn)撥】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句缺少主語(yǔ)，此處應(yīng)用人稱代詞的主格形式指代上句中的“thebridge”，即用it。故選A。代詞在短文填空中的運(yùn)用★人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)，用在動(dòng)詞或介詞后(2023廣東)Thereisasmallthingweuseeveryday．Weusuallyput66inthebathroom.【思路點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處指我們通常把它放在浴室。此處指代上文的“asmallthing”，應(yīng)用it，且代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)。故填it。課后練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)填空(B)1．(2023北京)Mysisterenjoyssingingandfavoritesubjectismusic.A．his B．herC．your D．their(B)2．(2023武漢模擬)—Doyouknowthe24solarterms?—Ofcourse．Theyshowthechangesofnatureandcarriesitsownspecialmeaning.A．neither B．eachC．every D．either(A)3．(2023鎮(zhèn)江一模)Afterabusyday,isbetterthanenjoyingdinnerwithallmyfamilymembers.A．nothing B．a(chǎn)nythingC．something D．everything(D)4．Mostpeoplehavethehabitoftalkingtowhentheyarealone.A．them B．theyC．their D．themselves(B)5．isnecessaryforustotalktoourparentswhenwehaveproblems.A．This B．ItC．That D．One二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式填空1．(2023蘭州)Thereisn'tany(some)milkinthefridgenow．Whynotbuysomeonline?2．(2023定西一模)Thoughtheoldmanismorethan80,heteacheshimself(he)howtouseWeChat.3．Jackisagoodfriendoftheirs(they).4．Asjuniorhighschoolstudents,weshouldlearntolearnallthesubjectsbyourselves(we)inourdailylives.5．—Myfatherwilltakeme(I)totheWestLakeinHangzhouthisSaturday.—Really?Ihopeyou'llenjoyyour(you)weekend.三、小語(yǔ)篇特訓(xùn)(一)語(yǔ)法選擇Coffeehasbeenapartofpeople'slivesforthousandsofyears,anditisstillafavoritedrinkintheworld．Hereisastoryabouthow1wasdiscovered.(A)1．A．it B．its C．itselfThestorytells2coffeewasdiscoveredinAfricalonglongago．Onedayafarmerwaswatchinghisgoats,andsawthemeating3berries(漿果)fromaplant．Thegoatsbecameveryactiveafter4atetheberries．Themanoftenfelttired,sohedecidedtotrytheberries,too．To5surprise,hedidn'tfeeltiredanymore．Coffeeplantswerethusdiscovered．ThencoffeewastakenfromAfricato6countriesinEurope.(C)2．A．we B．our C．us(C)3．A．a(chǎn)ny B．every C．some(A)4．A．they B．them C．their(C)5．A．he B．him C．his(A)6．A．other B．others C．theothersAfterthat,thefarmersstartedtogrowcoffeeplants,especiallyinSouthAmerica.(二)短文填空請(qǐng)從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項(xiàng)。ourheothernothingtheyyouanythingBythinkingaboutourbademotions(情緒),wecanfindhealthywaystodealwiththem．Unhealthybehaviorsarenotthewaytodothis．Therearebetterwaystodealwith1．them．Oneofthebestwaysisforgiveness(原諒)．Forgivenessisapowerfultool．Weshouldforgive2．ourselvesfirst．Wemustalsoforgiveotherswhohavemadeusangry．Thisisnotalwayseasy．Butthereis3．nothinggoodaboutcarryingbademotionsinside．Byforgivingourselvesand4．others，wecanputdownourpressureandfeelbetteraboutourselves．Themomentyoudothis,youwillstarttofeellike5．youhavemoreenergyandyou'llbemuchhappierwithyourlife.四、短文填空(核心素養(yǎng)：思維品質(zhì))請(qǐng)從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項(xiàng)。decideiffindhoweveragewhenhebutlearnoffamoussubject(2023平?jīng)鲆荒８木?WhenCharli