定語從句知識結構圖解

定語從句知識結構圖解概念：定語可以由形容詞,名詞,代詞,分詞,不定式以及介詞短語等來擔任，也可以由一個句子來充當，充當定語功能的句子稱為定語從句。①指人的先行詞⒈先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞②指物的先行詞★先行詞還可以是前面整個句子所敘述的事情。Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.(which替代前面所敘述的事情)先行詞①替代前面的先行詞（替代作用）關系詞的作用②連接主句和定語從句（連接作用）③在定語從句中作句子成分（成分作用）定語從句“三要素”⒉關系詞:引導定語的詞標準:根據關系詞在從句中做的句子成分種類關系詞的分類關系代詞：在從句中做主,賓，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）關系副詞：在從句中作狀語(When/where/why)⒊定語從句：用來做定語，修飾限定先行詞的句子。①限制性定語從句：對先行詞起限定修飾作用。定Heisateacherwhoworksatourschool.定語從句的分類②非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明作用(先行詞與定語從句之間有逗號隔開)語Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.比較:Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons.)從Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehastwomoresons)句①關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語Sheisthegirl(whom/that)Ilovedbefore.(可以省略whom/that)②關系代詞在定語從句中作表語⒈關系代詞的省略Heisnolongertheboy(that)heusedtobe.(可以省略that)限定性定語從句③關系代詞作介詞賓語，介詞在從句句尾時可以省略Housingpriceisaproblem(that/which)peopleareinterestedin.比較:Housingpriceisaprobleminwhichpeopleareinterested.（此時只能用which且不能省略）①以疑問詞who開頭的句子中定語從句幾個難點Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?②關系代詞在從句中作表語時用that的情況Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.③先行詞被thevery,theright,theonly修飾Thisistheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.⒉先行詞是人that/who的區(qū)別①先行詞是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those等Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.②句子中有兩個定語從句,一個用了that,另外一用who的情況個用whoWhoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?③在therebe結構中Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.④在非限定性定語從句當中Tom,whoismybestfriend,hasgoneabroadtostudy.在非限定性定語從句中.Shelostthegame,whichdepressedhergreatly.②關系詞置于介詞之后,作賓語.ThepenwithwhichyouwriteisJack’s.用which的情況③先行詞是that或定語從句中套定語從句,一個關系詞用that,另一個用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichisnewlyopentous.①先行詞是不定代詞如all,little,few,much,⒊先行詞是物anything,everything,nothing,none,noone等that/which的區(qū)別Shedidallthatshecouldtohelpus.②先行詞被all,every,no,some,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright，thelast等所修飾時ThisistheverybookthatIwant.③先行詞中既有人又有物時Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleand用that的情況theplacesthatimpressedhermost.④先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.ThisisthefirstfilmthatI’veseensinceIcamehere.⑤定語從句中套定語從句，其中一個關系詞以用which,另外一個用thatHebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.定⑥當主句的主語是疑問詞which,另一個用thatWhoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?語定語從句10個難點①As既可以引導限制性定語從句也可以用于非限定性定句中充當主語，賓語，表語等。常用于以下句型當中從★Such/so…..as….像…..一樣thesame….as…和…...同樣的Acomputerissousefulamachineaswecanuseeveryday.句⒋As引導定語從Heisnotthesamemanashewas.句的用法②引導非限制性定語從句，此時譯為“正如，像”等?？梢苑旁诰涫?，句中或句末。AsIremember,therewereanetbarhere.TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,asisknowntoall.★thesameas...和thesamethat...引導定語從句的區(qū)別ThisisthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.(同一事物)ThisisthesamebikeasIlostyesterday.（同類事物）①When在定語從句中做時間狀語，先行詞為表示時間的time,day等IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.（when=onwhich）②Where在定語從句中做地點狀語，先行詞為表地點的place,spot等Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?(where=inwhich)③Why在定語從句中做原因狀語，先行詞只有reason.⒌關系副詞的運用Idon’twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.(why=forwhich)★關系副詞=相應的介詞+關系代詞★Where引導的定語從句還可以修飾抽象空間的名詞如case(情形)，situation,position(位置),stage(階段)，point（地步）等Whatarethesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?在哪些情況下身體語言是唯一的溝通方式。（此時where=inwhich）2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.12.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.15.Isthatthewoman?Herdaughterisinmyclass.16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.二、根據句子意思，在第一個空白處填入介詞，在第二個填入關系代詞whom或which:1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingbroke.3.WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.4.Thetwothings________________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.答案1.Thefanthatyouwantisonthedesk.2.Themanwhobroughtourtextbookshereyesterdayisinnextroom.3.Themagazinewhichhehastakenawayismine.4.Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.5.Thewomanyousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.6.TheletterIreceivedyesterdayisfrommysister.7.Theplaythatwesawlastnightwaswonderful.8.ThetrainwhichwasgoingtoNanningwaslate.9.Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismybrother.10.Thetreeheisclimbingisquitetall.11.Hereisthegirlwhosebrotherworksinthisshop.12.That’sthechildwhosedrawingwewerelookingatjustnow.13.Thisistheboywhosesisterisafavoussinger.14.Iwanttotalktotheboywhosehomeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin.15.Isthatthewomanwhosedaughterisinmyclass?16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse,infrontofwhichgrewmanybananatrees.17.Theypassedafactory,atthebackofwhichtherewerericefields.18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill,atthefootofwhichtherewasatemple.20.Shecameintoabigroom,inthemiddleofwhichstoodalargetable.二、1.towhom;2.wihtwhich;3.withwhom;4.aboutwhich;5.inwhich;6.ofwhichⅢ、Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentencesifthereareany:1、Hetoldusaboutthecountrieswherehehadvisited.2、Egyptisacountrywhereisfamousforitspyramids.3、Chinaisthecountrywherehespentthebestpartofh