《研究生英語(yǔ)精讀教程》(第三版·上)Unit-Five

《研究生英語(yǔ)精讀教程》(第三版·上)中國(guó)人民大學(xué)出版社UnitFiveTheEndIsNotatHand1.Text2.Exercises5.SupplementaryReadingTheEndIsNotatHandTheenvironmentalrhetoric*overblown*.Theplanetwillsurvive

RobertJ.Samuelson①rhetoricn.speechorwritingthatsoundsfineandimportant,butisreallyinsincereorwithoutmeaning浮夸之言語(yǔ)或文章overblownadj.usingtoomanywords夸張的MenuTranslationimpendingadj.(ofsomethingunpleasant)abouttohappen行將發(fā)生的catastrophe△n.disaster災(zāi)難auran.aneffectorfeelingthatseemstosurroundandcomefromapersonorplace氣氛Menu[1]Whoevercoinedthephrase"savetheplanet"isapublicrelationgenius.Itconveysthesenseofimpending*

catastrophe*andhighpurposethathaswrappedenvironmentalisminanaura*ofmoralurgency.Italsotypifiesenvironmentalism'srhetoricalexcesses,which,inanyothercontext,wouldbeseenaswildexaggeration*orsimpledishonesty.[2]Uptoapoint,ourenvironmentalawarenesshascheckedamindlessenthusiasmforunrestrainedeconomicgrowth.exaggeration△n.(anexampleof)sayingorbelievingmorethanthetruthaboutsomething夸張，夸大MenuWehavesensiblycurbed*someofgrowth'sharmfulsideeffects.Butenvironmentalismincreasinglyresemblesaholycrusade*addictedtohype*andignorantofhistory.curbv.control控制crusaden.astruggleormovementforthedefenceoradvancementofanidea,principle,etc.為促進(jìn)或維護(hù)理想、原那么而進(jìn)行的運(yùn)動(dòng)或斗爭(zhēng)hypen.somethingthatartificiallystimulatessales,interest,etc.suchasadvertisingorpromotion(刺激銷(xiāo)售、興趣等的)廣告，宣傳MenuEveryenvironmentalillisdepicted*asanonrushingcalamity*that—ifnotstoppedwillendlifeasweknowit.[3]Takethelatestscare:thegreenhouseeffect①.We'representedwiththehorrifyingspecter*ofaworldthatincinerates*itself.depictv.describe描寫(xiě)calamity△n.aterribleorverybadevent；seriousmisfortune災(zāi)難；極不幸的事spectern.somethingthatisseeninthemindandcausesfear心中幻見(jiàn)而引起恐懼之事物incineratev.destroybyburning焚化TranslationMenuActnow,orsizzle*later.Foodsupplieswillwither.Glaciers*willmelt.Coastalareaswillflood.Infact,theprobablelossesfromanygreenhousewarmingaremodest*:1to2percentofoureconomy'soutputbytheyear2050,estimateseconomistWilliamCline①.sizzlev.makeahissingsoundasifwaterfallingonhotmetalorfoodcookinginhotfat發(fā)出咝咝聲(如水落在灼熱的金屬上或食物煎炸時(shí))glaciern.massofice,formedbysonwonmountains,movingslowlyalongavalley冰河，冰川modestadj.moderate,notlargeinsizeoramount適度的，適中的MenuThelossseemsevensmallercomparedwiththeexpectedgrowthoftheeconomy(adoubling)overthesameperiod.[4]Noenvironmentalproblemthreatensthe"planet"orrateswiththedangerofanuclearwar.TranslationMenuNooilspillevercausedsufferingonaparwith*today'scivilwarinYugoslavia,whichisaminorepisode*inhumanmisery.WorldWarⅡleftmorethan35milliondead.Cambodia'scivilwarresultedin1millionto3milliondeaths.onaparwithequalto等于episode※n.oneseparateevent,esp.animportantorseriousone插曲；獨(dú)立的一段事MenuThegreatscourges*ofhumanityremainwhattheyhavealwaysbeen:war,naturaldisaster,oppressivegovernment,crushingpovertyandhate.Onanyscaleoftragedy,environmentaldistressisafeatherweight*.scourgen.acauseofgreatpunishment,harmorsuffering導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)懲、災(zāi)害或痛苦的禍端，禍害featherweightn.sb.orsth.ofverylittleimportance不重要的人或物TranslationMenu[5]Thisisnotanargumentforindifferenceorinaction.Itisanargumentforperspectiveandbalance.Youcanbelieve(asIdo)thatthepossibilityofgreenhousewarmingenhancesanalreadystrongcaseforanenergytax.MenuAtaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimports,cutthebudgetdeficit*andpromoteenergyefficientinvestmentsthatmakeeconomicsense.

[6]Butitdoesnotfollowthatanyonewhodisagreeswithmeisevilorevenwrong.deficitn.theamountbywhichmoneythatgoesoutismorethanmoneythatcomesin赤字TranslationMenuOnthegreenhouseeffect,forinstance,there‘sample*scientificdoubtoverwhetherwarmingwilloccurand,ifso,howmuch.Moreover,thewarmingwouldoccuroverdecades.Peopleandbusinessescouldadjust.Totakeoneexample:farmerscouldshifttomoreheat-resistantseeds.ample△adj.enoughormorethanisnecessary充足的

MenuTranslation[7]Unfortunately,theimpulseofmanyenvironmentalistsistovilify*andsimplify.Criticsofenvironmentalrestrictionsareportrayed*asselfishandignorantcreeps*.vilifyv.speakevilof(sb.orsth.)withoutgoodcause,esp.inordertoinfluenceothersunfavourably辱罵，誹謗；把(人或事)說(shuō)得一無(wú)是處portrayv.describeinwordsinalifelikeway以文字生動(dòng)描寫(xiě)creepn.anunpleasantpersonwhotriestowinthefavourofapersonofhigherrank,esp.bypraisinginsincerely拍馬屁者，獻(xiàn)媚者M(jìn)enuDoomsdayscenarios*aredevelopedtoprovetheseriousnessofenvironmentaldangers.Cline‘srecentgreenhousestudyprojectedwarming250yearsintothefuture.Guesswhat,itincreasessharply.Thisisanabsurdexerciseakinto*predictinglifein1992atthetimeoftheFrenchandIndianWar(1754～1763).scenarion.awrittendescriptionoftheactiontotakeplaceinafilm,play,etc.劇本，劇情說(shuō)明書(shū)akintoofsimilarcharacter,like同性質(zhì)的，類(lèi)似的MenuTranslation[8]Therhetoricaloverkillisnotjustinnocentexcess.Itcloudsourunderstanding.Forstarters,itminimizesthegreatprogressthathasbeenmade,especiallyinindustrializedcountries.IntheUnitedStates,airandwaterpollutionhavedroppeddramatically*.dramaticallyadv.withtheforceorvividnessofthedrama戲劇性的；顯著地MenuSince1960,particulate*emissions(soot,cinders*)aredownby65percent.Leademissionshavefallenby97percentsince1970.Smoghasdeclinedinmostcities.

[9]What'salsolostistheawkwardnecessityforchoices.Yourenvironmentalbenefitmaybemyjob.Noteverybenefitisworthhavingatanycost.particulateadj.ofminuteseparateparticles微粒的cindersn.therefuseofburnedcoals煤渣MenuTranslationEconomistsestimatethatenvironmentalregulationsdepresstheeconomy'soutputby2.6to5percent,orabout$150billionto$290billion.(Note:thisislargerthantheestimatedimpactofglobalwarming.)Forthatcost,we'veloweredhealthrisksandimprovedoursurroundings.Butsomegainsaresmallcomparedwiththecosts.Andsomecostsareneedlesslyhighbecauseregulationsarerigid.TranslationMenu[10]Balance:Theworstsinofenvironmentalexcessisitsbias*againsteconomicgrowth.Thecurefortheimmenseproblemsofpoorcountriesusuallylieswitheconomicgrowth.ArecentreportfromtheWorldBankestimatesthatmorethan1billionpeoplelackhealthywatersuppliesandsanitary*

facilities.bias△n.prejudice偏見(jiàn)2.sanitary△adj.oforconcerninghealth,esp.thetreatmentofhumanwastesubstances,dirtorinfectionharmfultohealth(有關(guān))衛(wèi)生的(尤指廢物等的處理)MenuTheresultishundredsofmillionsofcasesofdiarrhea*annuallyandthedeathsof3millionchildren(2millionofwhichtheWorldBankjudgesavoidable).Onlybybecomingwealthiercancountriescorrecttheseconditions.diarrhean.thetypeofillnessinwhichthebowelsareemptiedtoooftenandintooliquidaform腹瀉TranslationMenu[11]Similarly,wealthiersocietieshaveboththedesireandtheincometocleantheirairandwater.Advancednationshaveurban-air-pollutionlevelsonlyasixththatofthepoorestcountries.Finally,economicgrowthtendstoreducehighbirthrates,aschildrensurvivelongerandwomenescapetraditionalroles.MenuTranslation[12]Yes,wehaveenvironmentalproblems.Reactors*intheformerSovietUnionposesafetyrisks.Economicgrowthandtheenvironmentcanbeatodds*.Growthgeneratescarbondioxideemissionsandcausesmorewaste.Buttheseproblemsarenot-asenvironmentalrhetoricimplies-themainobstaclestosustaineddevelopment.Thebiggesthurdleisinept*government.reactor※n.反響堆beatodds(with)bequarrellingordisagreeing(with)與…爭(zhēng)吵，爭(zhēng)論ineptadj.totallyunabletodothings無(wú)能的，無(wú)用的MenuIneptgovernmentfostered*unsafereactors.Ineptgovernmenthampers*foodproductioninpoorcountriesby,say,preventingfarmersfromearningadequatereturnsontheircrops.foster※v.carefor;helpthegrowthorthedevelopmentof照顧，撫育，培養(yǎng)hamperv.causedifficultyinmovementoractivity阻礙MenuTranslation[13]Bynow,everyoneisanenvironmentalist.Butthelabelisincreasinglymeaningless,becausenotallenvironmentalproblemsareequallyseriousandeventheseriousonesneedtobebalancedagainstotherconcerns.Environmentalismshouldholdthehype.Itshouldinformusmoreandfrightenusless.TranslationMenuExercises

Ⅰ.Comprehension

Ⅱ.Vocabulary

Ⅲ.Cloze

Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)

Ⅵ.WritingMenuⅠ.ComprehensionDecidewhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueandwhichisfalseaccordingtoyourunderstandingofthetext.Ifitisaquestion,answeritbriefly.Thephrase"savetheplanet"wascoinedbyapublicrelationgenius.Everyenvironmentalistillisanonrushingcalamitythatwillendlife.Thelossesfromanygreenhousewarmingaremuchsmallerthanthegrowthoftheeconomyoverthesameperiod.MenuAnswersⅠ.ComprehensionEnvironmentalproblemsareinsignificantascomparedwiththegreatscourgesofhumanity.DoyouthinkCline'srecentwarningaboutgreenhouseeffectsisacceptable?Whyorwhynot?Environmentalism'srhetoricalexcessesaremisleading.Since1960greatachievementshavebeenmadeincurbingairandwaterpollutionintheUnitedStates.Allenvironmentalbenefitsareworthhavingatanycost.MenuAnswersInloweringthehealthrisksandimprovingoursurroundings,thecostsandgainsarealwaysatodds.Doyouthinkitworthwhilethatenvironmentalregulationsdepresstheeconomy'soutputby2.6to5percent?Whyorwhynot?Areenvironmentalproblemsthemainobstaclestothedevelopmentofallthepoorcountries?Whatdoyouthinkthepoorcountriesshoulddotoremovetheobstaclestotheirdevelopment?Ⅰ.ComprehensionAnswersMenuUrban-air-pollutionlevelsindevelopingcountriesaremuchhigherthanthoseindevelopedcountries.Ineptgovernmentistoblameforenvironmentalproblems.Thelabel"anenvironmentalist"ismeaningless.Itissuggestedthatwelearnmoreaboutenvironmentalismandnotbefrightenedbyit.Ⅰ.ComprehensionMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.1.Hisbeautifulwritingisakintodrawing.A.as B.from C.above D.like2.Hisknowledgeonthesubjectseemstobeonaparwithmyown.A.differentfrom B.thesameasC.relatedto D.inaccordancewithAnswersMenuⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.3.TomandMaryweremarriedaweekaftertheymetandsoonfoundthemselvesatoddsaboutreligion.A.indisagreement B.onstrikeC.inquestion D.onpurpose4.Theinventorwasvilifiedinyesterday'snewspaper.A.abused B.slanderedC.praised D.criticizedMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.5.TheMississippifloodof1973wasamajorcatastropheinwhichagreatmanyliveswerelost.A.casualty B.disasterC.change D.threat6.Shealmostyieldedtoanunexpectedimpulsetodanceinthestreet.A.urgentdesire B.suddenwishC.goodidea D.fancythoughtMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.7.Mr.Greenposedasarichmanthoughheowedmorethanheowned.A.worked B.lookedC.clothed D.Behaved8.Theyfearedtheplagueandregardeditasadeadlyscourge.A.punishment B.IllnessC.trouble D.ailmentAnswersMenuⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.9.Somepeoplehaveabiasagainstforeigners.A.prejudice B.dislikeC.hatred D.favour10.Yourstayabroadwillgiveyouampleopportunitiestolearnanewlanguage.A.good B.suitableC.proper D.enoughMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.11.Thedarkcloudssuggesta(n)______storm.A.impending B.surprisingC.fast D.unexpected12.Sincetheclubowed$15andhadonly$10inthetreasury,therewasa______of$5.A.sum B.deficit C.differenceD.surplusAnswersMenuⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.13.Theoillamp______softlyonthetable.A.glowed B.lightedC.sizzled D.sounded14.It______withyoutodecide.A.talks B.refers C.lies D.indicatesMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.15.He______amongthebestheavyweightboxersofthepastfiftyyears.A.projects B.shows C.displays D.rates16.Theconstantturmoilintheofficeprovedthathewasan______administrator.A.ableB.ineptC.experiencedD.activeMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.17.Themothertriedto______herson’sinterestinmusicbytakinghimtoconcertswhenhewasyoung.A.give B.show C.foster D.cause18.Nomatterhowyoureadit,thissentencedoesn’tmakeany______.A.meaning B.sound C.progress D.senseAnswersMenuⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.19.ItriedtofindmykeysbutIwas______bymythickgloves.A.helpedB.hamperedC.annoyedD.upset20.Toourgrief,hebecame______tothedrug.A.addicted B.interestedC.amused D.disturbedMenuAnswersⅢ.ClozeReadthepassagethroughandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA,B,CorDforeachblankinthepassage.Robotshavebeenthestuffofpopularcultureforsolongthatwethinkofthemmostly1fun.Inthenextdecadetheywillfinallybecomepractical2factoryassemblylines.Granted,theywon'tperformthewondrousstuntsthey3insci-fimovies;thefirstgenerationof"real"robotsmayseemabitcrude.A.about B.for C.as D.inA.in B.beyond C.from D.forA.have B.do C.give D.appearAnswersMenuButbytheendofthedecade,we4encountertinyrobotscookinghamburgersinfastfoodrestaurants,moppingup,shoppingmeals,even5mealtraysinhospitals.A.mayalso B.mayagain C.maywell D.mayindeedA.todeliver B.Deliver C.delivered D.deliveringMenuAnswersTwofactorsarepushingthedevelopmentofrobotics,technologyandeconomics.Artificialintelligenceisthekey6asuccessfulrobot,butsomeofthesimplesttasks7ahumanmindaredifficultforarobot.Oneexample,theabilitytolookatthecornerofaroom,8wallsandceilingmeet,andknowthatthecornergoesin,notout.Easyforhumans,verytoughforrobots.A.to B.of C.for D.inA.of B.for C.in D.withA.that B.which C.where D.thepointAnswersMenuEconomicsisthekeytotheacceptance9robots.Asdecliningbirthratesleadtoashortageofentry-levelworkersinmuchoftheindustrializedworld,theresearchers10robotsthatcanmanageatleastportionsofsuchjobsasburgerflippersorhospitalorderlies.A.of B.by C.with D.forA.design B.aredesigning C.arebeingdesigning D.willdesignMenuAnswersInthenextdecade,improvedrobotswillbeinexpensiveenoughtoserveasaids11thedisabled,givingevenquadriplegicstheabilitytofeedthemselvesandperformofficework.Andthelong-promisedhomerobot?Thislittleelectronicservant,capableofdeliveringafrostybeerfromthefringe,pickingupthekids'toysandwashingtheoccasionalwindow,probablywon'tbeamass-marketiteminthe1990s12wemodifyourhomestoaccommodatethem.11.A.to B.with C.for D.of12.A.when B.if C.though D.unlessMenuAnswersEveryroom13tinyradiobeacons14therobotwhereitis,andstaircaseswouldneedspecialconstructionforeasyrobotaccess.Soundunlikely?Perhaps.Butin1890aperson15itunlikelyifhehadbeentoldthattheentireurbanlandscapeoftheplanetwouldbemodifiedtoaccommodatetheautomobile.A.needtohave B.needhaving C.wouldneedtohave D.wouldneedhavingA.totell B.tell C.telling D.ToldA.mightthink B.thought C.mighthavethought D.wouldthinkAnswersMenuⅣ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Peeringintothe21stcentury,newscientificbreakthroughswillallowgeneticengineeringtotransformeverythingfrommachineandagriculturetocomputertechnologyandindustry.MenuAnswersⅣ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Afewnear-termprospects.Inagriculture,possibilitiesincludelargertrees,increasedgrainyieldsandevensquaretomatoes,easilypackagedwithlesswatercontent.Itispossibletobreedcowsthesizeofelephantsthatcouldproduce40percentmoremilk.Scientiststalkofusingproteintoreplacethesiliconincomputerchipstoallowbillionsoftimesmoreinformationtobecontainedinthesamespace.AnswersMenuⅤ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)1.作者論文的副本已交給了編輯部。(present)2.雖然他在班上名列最后，但不能推斷他沒(méi)頭腦，他可能只是很懶而已。(follow)3.這些異?，F(xiàn)象值得注意。(worth)4.股東們?cè)谄赣眯陆?jīng)理問(wèn)題上發(fā)生了分歧。(atodds)MenuAnswersⅤ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)5.這使我們得出結(jié)論：無(wú)知助長(zhǎng)迷信。(foster)6.當(dāng)你知道并不是年齡使你喪失記憶力之后，你可能會(huì)大吃一驚。記憶差的原因可能是因?yàn)槟恪皯小钡萌ビ?，而不是記憶力老化了。如同身體一樣，你的記憶力可能因鍛煉而加強(qiáng)?？茖W(xué)家們相信，如果兩側(cè)大腦都得到了鍛煉，我們的工作效力至少可以提高75%。AnswersMenuⅥ.WritingOutline:導(dǎo)言：人們開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。問(wèn)題狀況：過(guò)度開(kāi)采自然資源和破壞自然環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重后果。例如砍伐森林、水源污染、空氣污染等。結(jié)論：為了生存和健康，必須保護(hù)自然環(huán)境。MenuAnswersⅠ.SupplementaryReadingⅡ.QuestionsSupplementaryReadingMenuSupplementaryReading

[1]JAKARTA-PlanetEarthwasbatteredbyfloods,droughtandfirein1997,ayearwhichendedwiththeworld'smajorpolluterssquabblingoverwaystopreventfurtherenvironmentaldisaster.

[2]The160nationsattendingaUNconferenceonglobalwarming,billedasoneofthemostvitaleverheld,finallyreachedaconsensusoncuttinggreenhousegasemissionsthroughthenextdecade.MenuSupplementaryReading

[3]TheclimatewasdominatedinthelatterpartoftheyearbyElNino,anupswellingofwarmerwaterofftheSouthAmericancoastwhichaffectsglobalweatherpatterns.

[4]"IthinkforsurethemostdramaticthinghasbeentheElNinophenomenonthathasbeenexperiencedthroughoutthetropics,"saidJeffreySayer,directorgeneraloftheInternationalCentreforForestryResearch(CIFOR),atBogornearJakarta.MenuSupplementaryReading

[5]ElNino,calledbyPeruvianfishermanaftertheChristChildbecauseofitsappearancearoundChristmas,isbeingblamedforwidespreadfloodsanddroughtinthetropics,andhasaffectedotherareasaswell.

[6]Amajormanifestationofthephenomenonwasdrought-aggravatedbushfiresinIndonesiathatspreadachokingsmogacrosslargeareasofSoutheastAsiabeforebadlydelayedmonsoonrainsstartedtofallinlateNovember.MenuSupplementaryReading

[7]FloodssweptaridSomaliainEastAfrica,whiletherainforestsofIndonesia'slrianJayadriedoutandhundredsoftribespeoplediedfromstarvationanddisease.

[8]ApartfromElNino,easternandcentralEuropesufferedtheworstfloodsinlivingmemoryinearlyJuly,withover100peoplekilledinPolandandtheCzechRepublic,andmanythousandsoffamiliesdisplacedthroughtheregionandeasternGermany.MenuSupplementaryReading

[9]IntheancientJapanesecapitalofKyoto,aUNgatheringof159countriesfinallyagreedoncuttinggreenhousegasemissionsafter11daysoffreneticnegotiations.

[10]"PerhapsthisdaywillbeinthefuturerememberedastheDayoftheAtmosphere,"conferencechairmanRaulEstradatoldtheconferenceafteratreatytextwaspassedbyconsensusonDecember11.MenuSupplementaryReading

[11]Theconferenceagreedthatdevelopednationsshouldcutemissionofcarbondioxideandother"greenhouse"gasesblamedforglobalwarming.

[12]TheUnitedStatesaccepteda7percentcutfrom1990levelsby2008～2112，

theEuropeanUnion8percentandJapan6percent.MenuSupplementaryReading[13]TheconferenceacceptedscientificevidencethatheatingoftheEarth'ssurfacebygasestrappedintheatmospherecausesmoreandfiercerstorms,expandingdeserts,meltingpolariceandraisingsealevelswhichthreatentosubmergelowlyingislands-andsomeislandstates,suchastheMaldivesintheIndianOcean.MenuSupplementaryReading

[14]TheUnitedStateswantsdevelopingcountriesbroughtundertheemissioncontrolumbrellaandthetreatystillfacesamajorhurdleinitspassageinWashingtonthroughapotentiallyhostileRepublicanCongress.

[15]USVicePresidentAlGorecalledtheKyotoagreement"avitalturningpoint"，

butechoedtheEU'sEnvironmentMinisterRittBjerregaardthatmorestillneededtobedone.MenuSupplementaryReading

[16]"Thisisnotgoodenoughforthefuture...wewouldlikethepartiestobemoreambitious,"Bjerregaardsaid.

[17]Indonesia'sEnvironmentMinisterSarwonoKusumaatmadjasaiditwasuptothedevelopedcountriestoprovidetheleadershiptoguaranteeEarth'sfuture.

[18]TheKyotoconferencewouldatleastprovideagreaterawarenessofenvironmentalproblems,particularlyasittookplaceinanElNinoyear.MenuSupplementaryReading

[19]"Butthereisalwaysatimelagbetweenawarenessandaction,andIthinkthatthetimelagcanbeverylong..."hesaid.

[20]HealsocondemnedWesterncriticismoftheenvironmentalandconservationpoliciesofdevelopingcountries,saying"marketforces"wereresponsibleformanyoftheproblems.

[21]"Basically,wearefacingproblemswiththepresentcontemporarycivilizationwithitsconsumptionandproductionattitude....MenuSupplementaryReading

[22]"Themarketisnotfriendlytotheenvironment,andwearepartofthemarket.Itistoobigaproblemforustohandle...sotheywanttohavetheircakeandeatit.

[23]"Theywanttohavetheirmarketandtheywanttohaveusperformasguardiansoftheworld'senvironmentwithoutthemhavinganythingtodowithit."

[24]TheKyotoconferencealsopittedbigbusinessagainstcampaignersfortheenvironment-althoughmajorinsuranceorganizationsdidoffersupporttothe"greens".MenuSupplementaryReading

[25]CIFOR'sSayertoldreportersthatamajordevelopmentinthelasttwoorthreeyearswastheemergenceofmajormultinationalcorporationsintheglobaltimberindustry.

[26]"Thisisnotnecessarilyabadthingbecausethosecompaniesalsohavetheresourcestopracticesustainableforestryiftheyaremotivatedtodoso."MenuQuestionsThebesttitleofthispassageis"_______".TheEnvironmentalDisastersTheSolutiontotheEnvironmentalProblemsTheElNinoPhenomenonWorldLeadersSearchingforPollutionSolutionⅠ.Completethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternative(A,B,CorD)undereach.MenuAnswersQuestions2.Theword"consensus"(Par.2)probablymeans_______.A.conclusion B.negotiationC.agreement D.disagreementⅠ.Completethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternative(A,B,CorD)undereach.AnswersMenuQuestions3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?ElNinoinfluencesglobalweatherpatterns.TheElNinophenomenonhasbeenexperiencedthroughoutthetropics.ElNinoappearsaroundChristmas.ElNinoshouldberesponsibleforalltheenvironmentaldisasterswhichhappenedin1997.Ⅰ.Completethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternative(A,B,CorD)undereach.MenuAnswersQuestionsInJuly1997,manyfamiliesineasternandcentralEuropeweredisplacedbecause_______.therewasawarinthatregionrainswerebadlydelayedtheretheysufferedtheworstbushfiresinlivingmemorytheysufferedtheworstfloodsinlivingmemoryⅠ.Completethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternative(A,B,CorD)undereach.AnswersMenuQuestionsWhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedastheElNinophenomenon?Earthquake B.Desert C.Fire D.Flood6.Accordingtothepassage,ElNinoismainlycausedby_______.thecuttingdownoftreesthegasemissionsthemeltingofpolaricetheupswellingofwarmerwaterⅠ.Completethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternative(A,B,CorD)undereach.MenuAnswersQuestionsAccordingtoIndonesia'sEnvironmentMinister,itistruethat_______.thedevelopingcountriesshouldplaytheleadingroleinprotectingtheEarth'senvironmentitisunreasonablefortheWesterncountriestocriticizetheenvironmentalandconservationpoliciesofdevelopingcountriesthereexistscontradictionbetweentheenvironmentalprotectionandthepresentcontemporarycivilizationitisnot"marketforces"thatshouldberesponsibleformanyoftheenvironmentalproblems.Ⅰ.Completethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternative(A,B,CorD)undereach.AnswersMenuQuestionsAccordingtothepassage,theKyotoconference_______.rejectedthatdevelopednationsshouldcut"greenhouse"gasemissionswouldprovideagreaterawarenessofenvironmentalproblemsappraisedbigbusinessagainstcampaignersfortheenvironmentwascalled"avitalturningpoint"byUSPresidentBillClintonⅠ.Completethefo