高考英語復(fù)習(xí)完形填空專題十二議論文市賽課公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省名師獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

專題十二議論文1/32-2-考情概覽議論文類完形填空難度較高,意在經(jīng)過剖析事例、敘述事理、提出看法或主張,從而告訴讀者某個(gè)道理或給人某種啟迪,或給人以樂趣。1.議論文文體完形填空普通是直接提出論點(diǎn),經(jīng)過論據(jù)論證,最終作者提出自己看法或提出另一個(gè)話題供大家討論;2.議論文文體完形填空普通都是由論點(diǎn)(作者觀點(diǎn),也就是被證實(shí)對(duì)象)、論據(jù)(用來證實(shí)論點(diǎn)依據(jù),是說明論點(diǎn)理由和材料)和論證(利用論據(jù)證實(shí)論點(diǎn)過程與方法)這三個(gè)要素組成,這也是一個(gè)提出問題、分析問題、處理問題過程;2/32-3-3.另外,議論文不但需要說明作者自己觀點(diǎn),而且還要讓讀者接收自己觀點(diǎn)。所以,在語言表示上除了客觀之外,還要重視委婉。作者寫作態(tài)度普通也比較誠懇,在文章中通常使用與讀者平等交流語氣,不會(huì)給人以居高臨下、逼人接收感覺,在遣詞造句方面多使用虛擬語氣、讓步狀語從句和can,may,might,could,would,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。為了加強(qiáng)推理?xiàng)l理性和邏輯性,往往較多地使用像since,now

that,therefore,in

that

case,because,so,but,however等過渡詞和連接詞。3/32-4-議論文形式完形填空不像記敘文形式那么有情景。所以,我們對(duì)整篇文章把握相對(duì)來說也難得多。解答這類題能夠依照以下方法:1.從首尾句入手,抓住中心。議論文寫作思緒普通為:提出問題→分析問題→處理問題。所以,文章第一、二句話通常為文章主題句,而文章結(jié)尾句常為文章結(jié)論。由此可見,我們必須充分利用文章首尾句,推測(cè)出文章中心,從而了解全文。4/32-5-例Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutine(常規(guī))basis.Asamatteroffact,wecanseethis41(principle)atworkinpeopleofall42(ages)....Beforepeopleretire,theyusually55(plan)todoalotof56(great)things,whichtheyneverhad57(time)todowhileworking.But58(soon)afterretirement,thegolfing,thefishing,thereadingandalloftheotherpastimesbecomeasboringasthejobsthey59(left).And,likethechildinJanuary,theygosearchingfornew60(toys).5/32-6-分析:文章第一段提出了本文要探討問題:普通來說,當(dāng)各種形式活動(dòng)在日常生活中成為常規(guī),它們都會(huì)變得無聊。其實(shí),我們能夠在不一樣年紀(jì)人身上看到這個(gè)法則。最終一段中作者闡述了在退休前人們經(jīng)常計(jì)劃著做很多事。這些事在工作期間都沒有時(shí)間去做,不過退休后很快,打高爾夫、釣魚、讀書和其它全部消遣方式都變得無聊了。這些想做事就像他們離開工作一樣變得索然無味了。作者在組織文章時(shí),先是提出論點(diǎn),然后經(jīng)過分析印證論點(diǎn),在文章最終經(jīng)過結(jié)論又重申了論點(diǎn)。

6/32-7-2.緊緊圍繞信息詞,把握作者觀點(diǎn)?？忌闱逦恼滦形倪壿?如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、指代關(guān)系等。有時(shí)文章第一、二段并不是作者觀點(diǎn),而是對(duì)某個(gè)事物介紹或描述,然后用信息詞,如but,however,yet等將自己觀點(diǎn)引出,所以,閱讀時(shí)一定要尤其留心這些信息詞。例Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedabout43(playing)withtheirnewtoys.Buttheir44(interest)soonwearsoffandbyJanuarythose45(same)toyscanbefoundputawayinthebasement.分析:作者經(jīng)過舉例說明了孩子們剛開始玩玩具時(shí)是非常興奮,然后經(jīng)過轉(zhuǎn)折信息詞“But”引出作者對(duì)他們深入認(rèn)知,從而明確了問題存在。7/32-8-3.從語境入手,確定邏輯關(guān)系。句與句之間總要反應(yīng)出因果、假設(shè)、條件、類推等邏輯關(guān)系。這些邏輯關(guān)系經(jīng)常經(jīng)過ontheonehand...ontheotherhand,asaresult,asaconsequence,onthecontrary,aboveall,firstofall,secondly,finally,incase等單詞或詞組表示出來。但有時(shí)作者并不使用這些詞或詞組,而是將邏輯關(guān)系暗含于文章中,這就需要考生依據(jù)語境來確定邏輯關(guān)系。8/32-9-例...Peopleoftenspeakoftryingamoresatisfyingpath,and32(yet)intheendtheideaofleavingtheirjobstoworkforsomethingthey33(believein)orfindingapositionthatwouldgivethemmoretimewiththeirfamiliesalmostalwaysleadsthemtothesameconclusion:it’s34.Theyhaveloans,bills,amortgage(抵押貸款)to35(payoff),retirementtosavefor.Theyrecognizethere’ssomething36(missing)intheirlives,butit’s37(hard)tostepoffthetrack.

A.fundamental B.practicalC.impossible D.unforgettable9/32-10-分析:認(rèn)真分析34空格前信息可知,人們經(jīng)常說嘗試一條更令人滿意道路,可是最終人們只是說說而已,沒有些人真舍棄一切,改變固有生活模式。有些人想過放棄自己工作去為他們信仰一些事情而工作,或者找到一個(gè)讓他們有更多時(shí)間陪同家人職位。上述內(nèi)容只是停留在很多人想象中。最終,他們得出相同結(jié)論卻是:這是不可能事情。故選C項(xiàng)。34題結(jié)論來自于對(duì)前文信息深刻了解,邏輯關(guān)系比較強(qiáng)。10/32-11-4.理清文章論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。普通說來,能說明論點(diǎn)答案能夠在論據(jù)里得到印證,且作為論點(diǎn)一些答案也能夠與論據(jù)有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來,使論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)相輔相成,從而使整篇文章上下一致。假如我們所選答案前后矛盾,論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)相悖,最終結(jié)論與論點(diǎn)自相矛盾,那就說明我們對(duì)文章把握缺乏條理性和系統(tǒng)性,我們就須重新來理順文章各部分,直到條理清楚為止,然后再依據(jù)自己對(duì)文章把握及各部分邏輯關(guān)系選出答案。11/32-12-例Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The36(problem)isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof37(rubbish)becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore....Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions54(insteadof)throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout55(spending).Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.

12/32-13-分析:從文章第一段第一句話可知,我們會(huì)在用舊一件東西將其扔掉后再買新東西,從而造成了堆積如山垃圾。從最終一段最終一句話“Repairingour

possessions

and

changing

our

spending

habits

may

be

the

best

way

to

reduce

the

amount

of

rubbish

and

take

care

of

our

environment.”可知我們要善待環(huán)境,少扔垃圾。文章論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)相輔相成,脈絡(luò)清楚。13/32-14-AB(·天津第一中學(xué)第三次月考)Enjoy

your

own

life

without

comparing

it

with

that

of

another.—MarquisdeCondorcetIfyoutookthestrengthsofothers,andcomparedthemtoyourweaknesses,doyouthinkthiswouldmakeyoufeelgood?Thefunnythingis,thisis1mostofusdoatonetimeoranother—andsomeofusdopretty2.

It’ssurelyapracticefora(n)3inself-confidenceandforunhappiness.Let’ssayItakealookatsomeonewhocreates4artworkontheirwebsiteandIlookatmyart,andrealizeIdon’tcome5tobeingmatchedwithhim.Infact,Ilookprettypitiful.Butit’snotafair6.IfIlookedatmystrengths—writingusefulandhonestposts—IcanseethatIhavealottooffer,alottobehappyabout.

14/32-15-ABThat’ssoimportant—beingabletolookatyourownstrengths,andseeyourtrue7.It’sactuallyoneofthe8tosuccessandhappiness.

Iwanttotalkaboutthisissue9anemailfromareaderrecently:Ihavesometeammatesfromveryrichfamilies.Ican’tstopmyselfcomparingmylifestylewith10.Imustsaythatmy11planningissoundenoughtotakecareofmyexistingfamily;andIcantakecareofnewfamilymembersalso,atleastfor12evenifIlosemycurrentjob.But13Iseeorhearthemspendingsomuchmoneyafterpossessions,Istartcomparing14.HowcanIstopthishabit,withoutchangingjobs?

15/32-16-ABThisisanexcellentbuttough15.Ithinkit’s16tocompareourselvestoothers,butitoftenmakesusunhappyevenifwehaveenoughand17behappywithwhatwehave.Myquickadvice:trytobeawareofwhenyoustartcomparingyourselftoothers.Onceyou’vedevelopedthis18,stopyourselfandtellyourself,“Stopthat!”Andthen19thinkingaboutallthethingsyoudohave,thethingsyoulove,thepeopleyouhaveandtheblessingsthat20hasgivenyou.Makethisaregularpractice,andyou’llstarttobehappierwithyourlife.

16/32-17-AB1.A.why B.what C.that D.how2.A.often B.seldom C.usually D.always3.A.rise B.increase C.drop D.failure4.A.astonished B.disappointingC.shocked D.amazing5.A.up B.close C.down D.closely6.A.comparison B.communicationC.competition D.connection7.A.strengths B.shortcomingsC.values D.weaknesses8.A.reasons B.keys C.causes D.means9.A.becauseof B.regardlessofC.inspiteof D.incaseof17/32-18-AB10.A.them B.their C.themselves D.theirs11.A.financial B.annual C.special D.beneficial12.A.sometime B.sometimeC.sometimes D.sometimes13.A.however B.whatever C.wherever D.whenever14.A.then B.later C.again D.thus15.A.question B.person C.phenomenon D.reader16.A.strange B.natural C.difficult D.important17.A.must B.can C.may D.should18.A.awareness B.hobby C.tradition D.custom19.A.stop B.help C.come D.start20.A.happiness B.life C.success D.confidence18/32-19-AB【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇議論文。文章討論了很多人都常會(huì)和他人攀比,由此而不高興。和人攀比似乎是自然事,但作者也給出了切實(shí)可行提議。1.B

解析

考查表語從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)一個(gè)表語從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)do賓語,故應(yīng)用what表示事物。2.A

解析

考查副詞辨析。由前面at

one

time

or

another可知,此處于破折號(hào)后深入說明,我們有些人甚至?xí)敖?jīng)常(often)”這么做。3.C

解析

考查名詞辨析。由該段說明可知,作者認(rèn)為這是會(huì)讓自信“下降(drop)”習(xí)慣做法。4.D

解析

考查形容詞辨析。由后面“...and

realize

I

don’t

come

5

to

being

matched

with

him.”可知,我看到是某個(gè)人“令人驚嘆(amazing)”作品。

19/32-20-AB5.B

解析

考查副詞辨析。由后面“Infact,Ilook

pretty

pitiful.”可知,前面說明我意識(shí)到我無法和他相媲美。come

close

to表示“靠近”。6.A

解析

考查名詞辨析。文章開頭說明你看到他人優(yōu)點(diǎn),把它們和你短處相比,而此空后面轉(zhuǎn)折說明我看著自己優(yōu)點(diǎn),由此可知前面所說明“比較(comparison)”是不公平。7.C

解析

考查名詞辨析。此處所填詞應(yīng)和strengths同類,故此處作者說明能夠看到你自己真正“價(jià)值(value)”。8.B

解析

考查名詞辨析。作者認(rèn)為能夠看到自己優(yōu)點(diǎn)和真正價(jià)值是成功和高興“關(guān)鍵(keys)”之一。9.A

解析

考查介詞短語辨析。下文說明是因這一郵件讓作者有這一觀點(diǎn),故用because

of表示“因?yàn)椤薄?0/32-21-AB10.D

解析

考查代詞使用方法。作者無法阻止自己和那些十分富裕家庭生活方式相比。故此處用theirs指那些十分富裕家庭人生活。11.A

解析

考查形容詞辨析。由后面“...evenifIlosemy

current

job.”可知,此處說明是作者“經(jīng)濟(jì)(financial)”計(jì)劃。12.B

解析

考查近義詞(組)辨析。表示一段時(shí)間應(yīng)用some

time。13.D

解析

考查讓步狀語從句。由句意可知,此處應(yīng)用whenever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“不論什么時(shí)候”。14.C

解析

考查副詞辨析。由but轉(zhuǎn)折可知,作者“又(again)”開始比較了。15.A

解析

考查名詞辨析。此處總結(jié)上文,起過渡作用,表示這是一個(gè)很好但又極難“問題(question)”。21/32-22-AB16.B

解析

考查形容詞辨析。后面說明和他人攀比讓我們不開心,因?yàn)槭寝D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故前面說明是把自己和他人比較又是十分“自然(natural)”事情。17.D

解析

考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。此處是一個(gè)由even

if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,該句說明即使我們擁有足夠東西,且“應(yīng)該(should)”對(duì)我們所擁有東西感到高興,但與人比較也經(jīng)常讓我們不高興。18.A

解析

考查名詞辨析。此處說明一旦你培養(yǎng)了這一“意識(shí)(awareness)”,就停下并告訴你自己別那樣做。19.D

解析

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。承接前文“告訴你自己,別那樣做”,此處說明接下來“開始(start)”考慮你所擁有一切。20.B

解析

考查名詞辨析?！癮ll

the

things

you

do

have”,“the

things

you

love”,“the

people

you

have”和“the

blessings

that

20

has

given

you”并列,故此處說明是“生活(life)”所給你讓你幸福東西。

22/32-23-ABInourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The1isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof2becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore.

Howdidwe3athrowawaysociety?Firstofall,itisnoweasierto4anobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.5modernmanufacturing(制造業(yè))andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsareplentifuland6.

Anothercauseisour7ofdisposable(一次性)products.As8people,wearealwayslookingfor9tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companies10thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew.

23/32-24-ABOurappetitefornewproductsalso11totheproblem.Weare12buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthat13isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe14usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones.

Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe15ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To16theamountofrubbishandtoprotectthe17,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.18,thisisnotenoughtosolve(處理)ourproblem.

24/32-25-ABMaybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions19throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout20.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.

25/32-26-AB1.A.key B.reason C.project D.problem2.A.gifts B.rubbish C.debt D.products3.A.face B.become C.observe D.change4.A.hide B.control C.replace D.withdraw5.A.Thanksto B.AstoC.Exceptfor D.Regardlessof6.A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful7.A.love B.lack C.prevention D.division8.A.sensitive B.kind C.brave D.busy9.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends10.A.donate B.receive C.produce D.preserve11.A.adapts B.returns C.responds D.contributes26/32-27-AB12.A.tiredof B.addictedtoC.worriedabout D.ashamedfor13.A.newer B.stronger C.higher D.larger14.A.pickup B.payfor C.holdontoD.throwaway15.A.advantages B.purposesC.functions D.consequences16.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure17.A.technology B.environmentC.consumers D.brands18.A.However B.OtherwiseC.Therefore D.Meanwhile19.A.by B.infavourof C.after D.insteadof20.A.spending B.collecting C.repairing D.advertising27/32-28-AB【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為議論文。因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)新事物熱衷,我們偏愛一次性用具,進(jìn)入到了一個(gè)“用完就扔社會(huì)”。為了節(jié)約資源保護(hù)環(huán)境,我們得重新審閱一下我們消費(fèi)觀念,改變我們生活方式。1.D

解析

依據(jù)第一段末句中“because

people...than

ever

before”可知,這里描述是一個(gè)世界各國正在面臨問題(problem)。2.B

解析

mountains

of意思是“堆成山,太多”。從本句后文“throwing

out

more

rubbish

than

ever

before”可知答案。3.B

解析

本段以設(shè)問開頭,隨即介紹了這個(gè)“用完就扔社會(huì)”形成過程,填become正確。face“面對(duì)”,與二、三兩段內(nèi)容不符。4.C

解析

因?yàn)榇宋恼劶笆潜灰淮涡晕锲烦錆M社會(huì)。在被一次性物品充滿社會(huì)中,和花時(shí)間與金錢修理東西相比,更換一個(gè)東西當(dāng)然要更輕易些。hide“隱藏”;control“控制”;replace

“取代”;withdraw“提取”。28/32-29-AB5.A

解析

句意:企業(yè)生產(chǎn)新產(chǎn)品速度快成本低,這得益于當(dāng)代制造業(yè)和科技發(fā)展。由句意可知,前后兩個(gè)半句為因果關(guān)系,thanksto“多虧,因?yàn)椤?表示原因,符合句意。as

to“至于”,except

for“除了”,regardless

of

“不顧”,都不符合句意,故選A項(xiàng)。6.C

解析

從上句“inexpensively”可知,產(chǎn)品豐富而且廉價(jià),所以用cheap。7.A

解析

從當(dāng)前情況可知,我們大部分人喜愛一次性產(chǎn)品,所以用love。lack“缺乏”,prevention“預(yù)防,阻止”,division“區(qū)分”,均與句意不符。8.D

解析

為何要節(jié)約時(shí)間?是因?yàn)槿藗儽容^忙。sensitive

“敏感”,kind“善良”,brave“勇敢”,都與句意不符,故選D項(xiàng)。9.A

解析

忙碌我