我備的課Unit4LionsandTigersandBears市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎?wù)n件

Unit41/105IntroductionoftheAuthor:比爾·布福德(BillBuford)是美國《紐約客》(NewYorker)雜志特約撰稿人，1994至年任雜志小說編輯。布福德創(chuàng)辦了Granta雜志，并任編輯。AmongtheThugs和Heat是其廣受好評兩本著作，前者是對英國足球流氓真實統(tǒng)計，后者是一部有關(guān)餐飲書。課文“獅子、老虎和熊”是布福德一篇游記，最初于1999年登載在《紐約客》上，文章入選《年度美國最正確游記》(TheBestAmericanTravelWriting).2/105bolt：vi.a)

torunawayquickly

猛沖，逃跑b)

tomove;tobreakaway

快速移動

vt.c)

tofastenwithstrongrodsandbar

拴住，使······和在一塊d)

toswallowfoodordrinkhurriedly

急忙吞下，咽下

n.門閂，插銷blot:n.污漬,污點(diǎn)v.弄污cf.WordStudy3/105Examples:

a)

Heboltedoutofhishouse.

b)

Eyesboltedtowardsthestranger.

c)Heboltedthedoorontheinside.d)

Hebolteddownahurriedbreakfast.

aboltfrom(outof)theblue

晴天霹靂，意外事

boltupright

筆直

makeabolt(forit)

趕快逃走WordStudy4/105drizzle:

v.

to

raininfinedropsExamples:Itdrizzledthroughoutthenight.Theinsecticidedrizzledovertheplants.Thedewonthebranchesdrizzledourhair.Wordformationa.drizzlyWordStudy5/105embolden:v.

togivecourageorconfidencetosb.Examples:

Hesmiledandthisemboldenedhertoaskhimforhelp.Emboldenedbydrink,hewalkedovertospeaktoher.WordStudy6/105onthe/arampage:

橫沖直撞；暴跳如雷Examples:Theescapedelephantwasontherampagefortwodays.Therioterswentonarampageandvandalizedmanyshops.WordStudy7/105scurry:v./n.

torunwithshortquickstepsExamples:Itbegantorainandwescurriedhome.Weheardmicescurryingaboutinthekitchen.Darkcloudswerebeingscurriedacrossagreyskybythewind.ascurryoffootstepsinthepassage急促腳步聲Hugesnowscurries.急趕，急轉(zhuǎn)，疾走WordStudyTranslation8/105secluded

adj.

notvisitedorseenbymanypeople;awayfromthecompanyofothersExamples:Thisisthequietestandmostsecluded

areaofthecity.secludedlife/monk/valley

隱居，與世隔絕；僻靜v.

seclude(from)n.

seclusionadj.

seclusiveWordStudyTranslation9/105BackgroundInformation10/105America11/105NewYorkState12/10513/105曼哈頓是一個荷蘭人（亨利·哈德遜）從印第安土著手里買。它是當(dāng)今世界上最繁榮島之一。曼哈頓是紐約市中心部位島。介于哈得孫河和東河之間，為紐約市五個區(qū)中最小曼哈頓區(qū)。長20公里，寬4公里，面積57.7平方公里。前寒武紀(jì)古老堅硬片巖出露地表，為高層建筑提供了基礎(chǔ)。紐約是金融、商業(yè)中心地。南端華爾街是許多大銀行、大交易所和大壟斷組織聚集中心。聯(lián)合國總部設(shè)于東河西岸。百老匯、華爾街、帝國大廈、格林威治村、中央公園、聯(lián)合國總部、大都會藝術(shù)博物館、大都會歌劇院等名勝都集中在曼哈頓島。14/105CentralParkLocationonManhattanMapNewYork’sgreenrectangleCentralPark

15/105中央公園坐落在摩天大樓聳立曼哈頓正中，南起59街，北抵110街，東西兩側(cè)被著名第五大道和中央公園西大道所圍合。占地843英畝（約5000多畝），是整個紐約最大城市公園，也是紐約第一個完全以園林學(xué)為設(shè)計準(zhǔn)則建立公園。號稱紐約“后花園”中央公園，不只是紐約市民休閑地，更是界各地旅游者喜愛旅游勝地。1850年新聞記者威廉·布萊恩特在《紐約郵報》上進(jìn)行公園建設(shè)運(yùn)動之后，1856年FrederickLawOlmsted和CalbertVaux兩位風(fēng)景園林設(shè)計師建成了此公園。它與自由女神、帝國大廈等同為紐約乃至美國象征，許多好萊塢影片都以中央公園為背景。16/105中央公園著名景點(diǎn)包含：中央公園動物園(CentralParkZoo)、戴拉寇特劇院(DelacorteTheatre)、畢士達(dá)噴泉(BethesdaFountain)、綿羊草原(SheepMeadow)、草莓園(StrawberryFields)、保護(hù)水城(ConservatoryWater)、眺望臺城堡(BelvedereCastle)等等。17/10518/10519/105theurbanwondersoftheworld,agreenoasisinthegreatconcrete,high-riselandscapeof

NewYorkCityCentralPark20/105FormostNewYorkers,CentralParkisourconstantdefinitionofopenspace,roomtorunandtheromanceofreadingunderatree.Freeandopentothepublic,CentralParkisourcitywidecampusandourcommonbackyard.“agardenforallasprivateEden”CentralPark

21/105InCentralPark,

Rollerskatinghasalwaysbeenapopularrecreational

pastime.22/105TigressandCubs

InsidetheCentralParkWildlifeConservationCenter,64thStreetandFifthAvenue23/105GroupsofBears:nearFifthAvenueat82ndStreet24/105

TheParkwaspressedforprimarilybywealthymerchantsandlandowners.Inthefirstdecadeafteritscompletion,itwasclearlytheplaygroundofthewealthy.Itwaslocatedtoofaruptowntobewithinwalkingdistanceforthecity’sworkingclasspopulation.CentralParkHistory25/105Untilthelate19thcentury,workerscomprisedbutafractionofthevisitorstotheParkwhentheylaunchedasuccessfulcampaigntohaveconcertsheldonSundays.Saturdayafternoonconcertswereformiddle-classaudiences,forthesix-dayworkingweekprecluded(preventfrom)attendancebytheworkingclass.26/105IndeedtheconceptofcreatingtheparkwasoriginallyconceivedbywealthyNewYorkerswhoadmiredthepublicgroundsofLondonandParis.However,withthematuringofthenationandtheriseofitspower,theprideofAmericanismgraduallytooktheupperhand.TheauthorthereforedescribestheParkproudlyasefficient,purposefulanddistinctive—neitherromanticnorclassical,andneitherEnglishnorFrench,but

distinctivelyAmerican.27/105ArchitectureofCentralParkEnglishRomanticism

ischaracterizedbythepicturesqueidealtoblendwiththenaturalenvironment.AnotherstyleisClassicism

characterizedbyformalsymmetryandtheuseofstraightlines,evidentinthesouthendofthePark.

28/105CentralPark

29/105TextTheme

BytravelingtheCentralParkatnight,theauthor’sambivalence(themixedfeeling)makesclearNewYorkers’attitudetothePark.

Ononehand,thereisloveandprideNewYorkershavefortheculturalrichnessandthebeautytheParkoffers;ontheotherhand,thecrimeandfeartheyhaveassociatedwiththePark.

30/105Plot:

Traveldescriptionscombinedwitheverythinghehasheard,read,observedandexperiencedinconnectionwiththeplace:hismovementsinCentralPark,theeventsandfamouspeopleassociatedwithitshistory,thebeautyofNewYorkatnight,thecrimeoffearit’sinspired.Setting:CentralParkinNewYork31/105Part1(Paras.1):TheauthordecidedtocampintheCentralPark.Part2(Paras.2—6):ThefirstortwohoursandhisfeelingandthefearCentralParkinspired.StructureoftheText32/105StructureoftheText

Part3(Paras.7—12):CentralParkhistoryandanotherscare.Part4(Paras.13—25):Mysleepoverinthewood.33/105Part1(Paras.1):TheauthordecidedtocampintheCentralPark.34/105…I’dcurledupunderatreeanddropofftoapeaceful,outdoorsysleep.(para.1)dropoff:

tobegintosleep入睡，睡著Eg.Hedroppedoffinfrontofthefire.35/105AnybodywhoknowsanythingaboutNewYorkknowsthecity’sessentialplatitude—thatyoudon’twanderaroundCentralParkatnight—andinthat,needlesstosay,wastheappeal:itwasthethingyoudon’tdo.(Para.1)essentialplatitude:Thisisknowntoallandhasbeensaidoverandover.

第二個分句是一個倒裝句(invertedsentence),正常語序應(yīng)該是：needlesstosay,theappeal:itwasthethingyoudon’tdo,wasinthatneedlesstosay作插入語parenthesis

that代指platitude36/105AnybodywhoknowsanythingaboutNewYorkknowsthecity’sessentialplatitude—thatyoudon’twanderaroundCentralParkatnight—andinthat,needlesstosay,wastheappeal:itwasthethingyoudon’tdo.(Para.1)Understanding:

EverybodywhoknowsNewYorkknowsthatyoushouldnotwanderinCentralParkatnightbecauseitistoodangerous.However,preciselybecauseoftherisktherearealwayspeopleluredtovisitCentralParkatnight.Theyjustwishtodowhatpeoplenormallydon’tdo.37/105OgdenNash(para.1)anAmericanpoetwellknownforhislightversebest-knownproducerofhumorouspoetry38/105Part2(Paras.2—6):ThefirstortwohoursandhisfeelingandthefearCentralParkinspired.39/105TheDelacorteTheatre(para.3)TheDelacorteTheateristhesummerhomeoftheNewYorkShakespeareFestival

(莎士比亞戲劇節(jié)).It’saplacetohostclassicalplaysandmusicals.

Theopen-airtheaterinCentralParkthatservesashometofreesummertimeperformanceswhich,duringthemonthsofJune,JulyandAugust,includeatleastoneShakespeareproduction.ThesummertimeperformanceisoneoftheNewYorkCity’smostbelovedculturalevents.40/105TheDelacortetheatre41/10542/10543/10544/10545/105WilliamShakespear(1564-1616)

(Para.3)wasanEnglishpoetandplaywright.46/105TheTamingoftheShrew(Para.3)

InShakespeare'sTheTamingoftheShrewPetruchioandKateengageinabattleofwitsashetriesto"tame"hisboldandstubbornwifeandbringherintolinewithsociety'sexpectations.Thisromanticandfunnyplay,fullofdisguisesandroleplaying,dealswiththemessuchasmarriageandduty,realityandillusion,andcompromise.TheTamingoftheShrewisoneofWilliamShakespeare'smostcleverandsophisticatedcomedies.47/105TheTamingoftheShrew《馴悍記》片中描寫潑婦凱特因為性格急躁、脾氣倔強(qiáng)，找不到任何一個敢娶她男人，在心不甘情不愿情況下，她嫁給了高大堅固大胡子男人皮圖丘。皮圖丘一心要把悍婦凱特訓(xùn)練成百依百順好妻子，所以他采取了“以暴制暴”方式，最終終于馴服了凱特一身傲骨。

48/105Sofar,sonormal,andthiscouldhavebeenanoutdoorsummer-stock

ShakespeareproductionanywhereinAmerica,exceptinonerespect:apolicecarwasnowparkedconspicuouslyinview,itsrooflightslowlyrotating.(Para.3)Shakespeare在句中指代是莎士比亞作品。經(jīng)過相近聯(lián)想，用一個事物代替另一個事物修辭手法叫轉(zhuǎn)喻(metonymy)。Examples:Heisfondofthebottle.(wine)Itwillcostyouaprettypenny.(money)Sheratonisahotelnotedforitsgoodtable.(food)summer-stock夏季輪演劇目：固定在某一劇場專業(yè)劇團(tuán)在夏季演出劇目49/105Sofar,sonormal,andthiscouldhavebeenanoutdoorsummer-stockShakespeareproductionanywhereinAmerica,exceptinonerespect:apolicecarwasnowparkedconspicuouslyinview,itsrooflightslowlyrotating.(Para.3)第二個分句是個含蓄條件句，句中并沒有出現(xiàn)條件從句，非真實條件暗含在介詞短語except中。含蓄條件句：在這種句型中，條件都暗含在上下文中。Examples:Iwouldn’thavebeenthereexceptforhim.Butforyourhelpwewouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldamounttodisaster.Alone,hewouldhavebeenterrified.50/105BelvedereCastle眺望臺城堡(para4)BelvedereisItalianfor“beautifulview”.51/105BelvedereCastle

TothesouthofDelacorteTheaterperchedonVisaRock.Asitsnamesuggests,thecastleoffersvisitorsawonderfulpanoramic(aviewofwidearea)viewpoint.

ItisnowhometotheHenryLuceNatureObservatory(亨利·盧斯自然氣象臺),wheresimpledisplaysshowhownaturalistsobservetheworld.52/10553/10554/105ShakespeareGarden(莎士比亞花園)(para4)NestledbetweentheDelacorteTheater,BelvedereCastle,andtheSwedishCottage,itisagardendedicatedtoShakespearein1916,the300thanniversaryofhisdeath.55/105ShakespeareGarden(para4)

FollowingaVictoriantradition,onlyflowersmentionedinShakespeare’splaysandpoetrywereplantedinthegarden.ScatteredthroughoutthegardenarebronzeplaqueswithShakespeareanquotationsthatinspiredtheplanting.56/105

(para.4)Iwasfeelingacertainexhilaration,

climbingthestepsofBelvedereCastleallalone,peekingthroughthewindowsoftheHenryLuceNatureObservatory,identifyingtheherbsintheShakespeareGarden,when,afterturningthiswayandthat,Iwasona

windingtrailinimpenetrablefoliage,and,withinminutes,Iwaslost.57/105TheRamble(漫步園)

(para.5)TheRambleisasanctuary(避難所)

forasmanyas250speciesofbirds,withtheinterlacedpathsandhills,countlesstrees,shrubs,meadows,rockycliffsandawindingstream.TheRamblewasintendedasawoodlandwalkthroughhighlyvariedtopography(地形學(xué)),a"wildgarden"awayfromcarriagedrivesandbridlepaths.58/105Raccoonscanbeseenscurrying(runwithshortquicksteps)intheunderbrush.TheRamble

(para.5)

Raccoon59/105Bird-watchingTheRambleisoneofthemajorcentersofbird-watchinginCentralPark:250speciesofbirdshavebeenspottedovertheyears.TheRambleasagayiconSinceatleasttheearly20thcentury,theseclusionoftheRamblehasbeenusedforprivatehomosexualencounters.60/105Background–NewYorkSkyline(para.5)61/105NewYorkSkylineatNight(para.5)Buildingssoarupward.62/105Thelakeisthelargestbodyofwater(excludingtheReservoir)inCentralPark.ItwascreatedoutofalargeSwamp(沼澤)inthesouthoftheParkandwasintendedforboatinginthesummerandice-skatinginthewinter.Manyvisitorsarecontent,however,tocirclethelakeonfoot,followingthepathwaysthatwindalongitsshoreline,watchingthePark’stree-lineshiftinginitsreflection.TheLake

(para.5)63/105rowingboatonthelakeintheCentralParkTheLake(para.5)64/105

Therewasalightahead,and

asIroundedthecorner

Icameuponfivemen,allwearingwhiteT-shirts,huddledaroundabench.(para.5)65/105

Iwalkedpast,avoidingeyecontact,and

turneddownapath,anarrowone,blackdark,goingdownahill,gettingdarker,verydark.(para.5)66/105I’mintheParklessthananhourandalreadyI’mlost,onanunlightedpath,facinganunknownthingshakingthreateninglyinthebushes,andIthought,shit!(para.5)67/105AndIbolted,notrunning,exactly,butnolongerstrollingandcertainlynotlookingbackturningleft,turningright,allsenseofdirectionobliterated,thecrashingcontinuingbehindme,loudereven,left,anothermaninaT-shirt,right,anotherman,whenfinallyIrealizedwhereIwasintheRamble.(para.5)68/105

(para.6)約翰·溫斯頓·列儂是一名英國搖滾音樂家、創(chuàng)作歌手、作家與主動和平運(yùn)動家，以身為披頭士樂隊創(chuàng)團(tuán)團(tuán)員揚(yáng)名全球。列儂與保羅·麥卡特尼合作是20世紀(jì)最成功也是最具影響力創(chuàng)作組合之一，并“創(chuàng)作了搖滾史上最受歡迎歌曲”，他在單曲榜史最有成就作曲家中名列第二，僅次于麥卡特尼。列儂在他音樂、電影、書作中，甚至在記者會與專訪時，總是顯露出一個桀驁不馴、反抗權(quán)威性格與尖刻而諷刺才思。與他妻子小野洋子同為激進(jìn)和平主義者與視覺藝術(shù)家，所以其作品亦是極具爭議性。69/105紐約中央公園NewYorkCentralPark草莓園(StrawberryFields）約翰列儂遺孀--小野洋子為了紀(jì)念其夫于1980年遇刺，在住處（也是藍(lán)儂遇害地點(diǎn)）達(dá)科塔大廈前，出資修繕這個淚滴狀區(qū)域，并稱之為“草莓園”(StrawberryFields)。每年12月8日（藍(lán)儂遇害日），全世界披頭士歌迷會聚集在此一同紀(jì)念他，并遙望達(dá)科塔舊居，平時也有歌迷會在馬賽克圖形上點(diǎn)一根蠟燭、放一束鮮花來憑吊他。70/10571/105eg:It’shardtogetone’sbearingsinathickrainforest.(1)loseone’sbearings迷失方向；惶惑(2)bringsbtohisbearings使清醒(para.6)get/findone’sbearings:辨明方向，確定位置72/105

Part3(Paras.7—12):CentralParkhistoryandanotherscare.73/105OneofthefirsteventsintheParktookplace140yearsagoalmosttotheday:abandconcert.Theconcert,pointedly,washeldonaSaturday,stillaworkingday,becausetheconcert,likemuchoftheParkthen,wasdesignedtokeepthecity’srougherelementsout.(Para.7)totheday:恰好，剛好，一天不差Examples:threeyearsagototheday

40yearsagotothedaycf.tothisday直到現(xiàn)在，迄今oftheday當(dāng)代，當(dāng)初一天不差恰好三年前四十年前今天74/105OneofthefirsteventsintheParktookplace140yearsagoalmosttotheday:abandconcert.Theconcert,pointedly,washeldonaSaturday,stillaworkingday,becausetheconcert,likemuchoftheParkthen,wasdesignedtokeepthecity’srougherelementsout.(Para.7)句子中rougherelements指是紐約工人階級(workingclasspopulation).中央公園當(dāng)初主要是應(yīng)商人和富有階層要求興建，所以，在公園開放前十年，它主要是富裕階層娛樂場所。音樂會尤其安排在周六下午，因為當(dāng)初仍實施六天工作制，工人們周六無法去聽音樂會，這么就確保了音樂會只有富人才能去參加。75/105OneofthefirsteventsintheParktookplace140yearsagoalmosttotheday:abandconcert.Theconcert,pointedly,washeldonaSaturday,stillaworkingday,becausetheconcert,likemuchoftheParkthen,wasdesignedtokeepthecity’srougherelementsout.

(Para.7)

Understanding:

OneofthefirsteventsintheParktookplacealmostexactlyonthisday140yearsago:abandconcert.TheconcertwasdeliberatelyheldonaSaturdaywhenordinarypeople

wereallworkingsoastokeepthemout.76/105AnotherAestheticExperience(para.7)77/105…buteveryone,asheputit,felttheneedto“keeppattingtheParkontheback”(para.10)patsb.ontheback:

topraisesb.fordoingsth.well贊揚(yáng)某人Eg.Youshouldpathimonthebackfortheprogresshehasmade.78/105Theparkmighthavebeenatitsmostpopular…(para.10)

atitsmostpopular:

whenitwasmostpopular…當(dāng)…最受歡迎時候eg.Yogaisatitsmostpopularnow.Anotherexpression:

atone’sbest:meaninginone’sbestconditioneg.Heactedbothtragicandcomicparts,buthewasathisbestincomedy.79/1052ndstageinCentralPark’shistory(1900—1934)(Para.10)

RobertMoses

(1888—1981)wasaNewYorkstateandmunicipalofficialwhoseambitiouspublicworksprojectsofthe1930s,1940sand1950stransformedtheurbanlandscapeofNewYorkCity.HeexpandedtheState’sparksystemandbuiltnumerousparkwaysandhundredsofnewplaygroundsandparksandimportanthighways,bridgesandtunnelslinkingtheboroughsofNewYorkCity.80/105

MosespreferredrecreationalfacilitiestotheruralscenerystressedbytheEnglishRomanticists,andanorderedandsymmetricaldesigninFrenchRenaissancestyle,evidentinthesouthernCentralPark.Therefore,underMoses,CentralParkgained19playgrounds,12ball-fields,handballcourts,andtheWoll-manRink(沃爾人溜冰場

).81/105Heputinbaseballdiamonds,volleyballcourts,andswimmingpools.(para.10)putin:

toplacesb.orsth.inabuildingoraroom,forapurposesuchaswork裝置，安裝Eg.Theydecidedtoputincentralheatingintheirnewhome.82/105HeeventriedtoturntheRambleintoaseniorcitizen’s

recreationcenter,butwasstoppedbytheprotestingbirdwatchers.(para.10)Euphemismsaremild,pleasantorindirectwordsorphrasesinplaceofharsh,unpleasant,moredirectoraccurateones.seniorcitizens:euphemismforoldpeople83/105Moreexamples:Euphemismsfor“todie”:topassaway/tobenomore/tobegone/togotoheaven/tojointhegreatmajority/tobreatheone’slastEuphemismfor“garbagecollector”:

sanitaryengineerEuphemismsfor“asylum(精神病院)”:mentalhomeEuphemismsfor“funeral”:memorialserviceEuphemismsfor“slum(貧民窟)”:substandardhousing84/105TheironywasthatbytheendoftheMoseseratheParkwasdangerous.

(Para.10)Understanding:MosesdidalottoturnCentralParkintoanefficientpeople’spark.Buttheoutcomewasquiteunexpectedandsad:bytheendofhiseratheParkwasdangerous.85/105anotherscareatthenorthernendoftheParkthe3rdperiodintheCentralPark’shistory(1934—1960)(Para.11)

86/105TheReservoir(para.11)LocatedinthenorthpartofCentralPark,thereservoir,withthe1.58miletrackroundit,isafavoriteplaceforjoggers,birdwatchers,andtouristswheretheycanenjoysomeofthebestviewsoftheNewYorkCityskyline.87/105紐約中央公園NewYorkCentralParkTheReservoir水庫88/105Ikeptmyheaddownandpickedupmypace,but…(para.11)pickuppace/speed:togofaster加速，提升速度Eg.Theeconomycontinuestopickupspeedwithsurprisingswiftness.89/105…andassaultedbyagroupofkidsonarampage.(para.11)ona/therampage:rushingaboutinawildandviolentway,oftencausingdamage橫沖直撞/地Eg.Themobwentonarampagethroughthecity.90/105TheParkisnowframed,envelopedeven,bythecity,buttherewasnoescapingtherecognitionthatthiscity–contrived,man-made,glaringobtrusive,consumingwastefulandstaggeringquantitiesofelectricityandwaterandenergy–wasverybeautiful.(para.12)Therewasnodoing…:不可能Eg.

Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappennext.Thereisnoknowinghowhighthewaterwouldrise.91/105Buttherewasnoescapingtherecognitionthatthiscity—contrived,man-made,glaringlyobtrusive,consumingwastefulandstaggeringquantitiesofelectricityandwaterandenergy—wasverybeautiful.(para.12)

Underst