Unit4NaturaldisastersDiscoveringusefulStructures課件高中英語人教版2

Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringusefulstructuresRestrictiveclauses(定語從句)Underlinetherelativepronouns(關系代詞)andadverbs(關系副詞).Afterlisteningtothescientistswhohadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizenswholivednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.關系代詞關系副詞Findmoresentencescontainingrelativeclauses(定語從句).Therecomesatime_____theoldmustgivewaytothenew.…damageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelics_____wereanimportantpartofEgypt’sculturalheritage.PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO,_____runsaprogramme_____preventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.whenthatwhichthat定語用來修飾限定_______或_______。e.g.Thiswasaterribleearthquake.e.g.Therescueworkerhassomethingimportanttodo.定語名詞代詞定語名詞代詞定語從句在一個復合句中，用來修飾_____或_____的_____叫做定語從句。其中，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做_______。定語從句通常由_______來引導，包括__________和__________。定義名詞代詞從句先行詞關系詞關系代詞關系副詞e.g.Therecomesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew.主句從句先行詞關系詞關系副詞Accordingtoanoldstory,therewasonceatimewhenthewholeworldspokeonlyonelanguage.ThispassageintroduceshowChinesecharactershavechangedovertime.定語從句賓語從句Whichsentenceistherelativeclause(找出定語從句).限制性V.S非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句對于先行詞不可缺少，若缺從句，主句意思不完整非限制性定語從句對于先行詞附加說明，若缺從句，主句意思完整（常用逗號與主句隔開）注意：非限制性定語從句不能用that引導。Weknewthescientistwhohadstudiedtheproblem.WeknewthephysicalscientistHawkins,whohadstudiedtheproblem.Whichsentenceistherestrictiverelativeclause(非限制性定語從句).我們認識研究過這個問題的科學家。我們認識霍金這位物理科學家，他研究過這個問題。定語從句(高考重點考點)做題方法1.找出主句和從句3.判斷該詞指人/物4.判斷關系詞在定語從句部分充當什么成分（主/賓/定/狀）2.找出先行詞5.確定關系詞主語/賓語/定語時間/地點/原因狀語關系代詞關系副詞介詞+which(指物)介詞+whom(指人)先行詞關系詞替代先行詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞种肝镔e語Othat,which主語Sthat,which定語Awhose指人賓語Othat,who,whom主語Sthat,who定語Awhose關系代詞先行詞關系詞替代先行詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞謺r間狀語when地點狀語where原因狀語why關系副詞這些抽象時間名詞,用關系副詞whentimeoccasion(時機)age(年代/時代)period(時期)這些抽象地點名詞，用關系副詞wherecase(情形)point(階段)situation(情況;形勢)conditionscenestage(階段)position(位置;處境)activityplatform(平臺；站臺)raceenvironmentatmosphere(氛圍)familyjob高考鏈接【2020浙江高考】Thehungrybearfollowedhisnose(嗅覺)toourcamp,_______wassurrounded(圍繞)byahighwirefence(鐵絲).which先行詞定語從句Thecampwassurrounded(圍繞)byahighwirefence(鐵絲).作主語物that

which

【2020天津高考】“Thegreatman”,saidMencius,“ishe_____doesnotlosehischild’sheart.”【2022全國乙卷】ThehardestpartformeisthatIgotaninjury,aninjury_______maytakemeout(缺席)foryears.【2020全國Ⅲ卷】InancientChinalivedanartist______paintingswerealmostlifelike(栩栩如生的).whowhichwhose【2022全國甲卷】Itishardtonameacomedystar_____hasn’tbeenonthestagehere.【2021浙江高考】Afterashortway,thefarmerstoppedandpointedataweed(雜草)_______wemissed.【2022新高考Ⅰ卷】Davidhadabraindisease_____preventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren.whowhichthatThefirstofOctober,1949,istheday______thePeople’sRepublicofChina(中華人民共和國)wasfounded.ThefirstofOctober,1949,istheday,on_______thePeople’sRepublicofChina(中華人民共和國)wasfounded.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedontheday.whenwhichThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedontheday.

theday作介詞on的賓語（介賓）when/where/why可以換成介詞+which或介詞+whom，用來引導定于從句,which/whom作介詞的賓語。指物用which，指人用whom.I’dliketoliveinacountry_______thereisplentyofsunshine.I’dliketoliveinacountryin_______thereisplentyofsunshine.wherewhichThereisplentyofsunshineinthecountry.Thereisplentyofsunshineinthecountry.

thecountry作介詞in的賓語（介賓）Ididn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthereason_____Ileft.Ididn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthereasonfor_______Ileft.whywhichIleftforthereason.Ileftforthereason.

thereason作介詞for的賓語（介賓）介詞的確定原則在介詞+which(物)；介詞+whom(人)中，介詞如何選擇?ThefirstofOctober,1949,istheday,on

which

thePeople’sRepublicofChina(中華人民共和國)wasfounded.I’dliketoliveinacountryin

whichthereisplentyofsunshine.Ididn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthereasonfor

whichIleft.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedontheday.Thereisplentyofsunshineinthecountry.Ileftforthereason.根據(jù)動詞或形容詞的固定搭配；根據(jù)句意；表示“所有”關系或“整體中的一部分”用of.注意“介詞+whose”在定語從句中作定語，修飾后面的名詞e.g.SheistheverypersoninwhosebagIfoundmylostwatch.她正是那個人，我在她的包里找到了我丟失的手表。高考鏈接【2022新高考Ⅰ卷】Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothof_______willbegraded.此外，我會時不時安排在課堂上完成的小組作業(yè)，或在家里完成的短期作業(yè)，這兩項作業(yè)都將評分。which注意以下情況只能用that，不能用which.Thefirstthing_____weshoulddoisworkoutaplan.Thisisthemostdeliciousfood_____Ihaveneverhad.Theonlything_____weneedtothinkaboutistodealwithit.Icandoanything_____excitesme.Weshouldignorethepersonsandthings_____upsetus.Therewasnotmuch_____wecoulddowhenitwasraining.that1.先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時thatthatthatthat2.先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時3.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時4.先行詞是不定代詞時5.先行詞既包括人又包括物時that6.先行詞是much或all時總結做題方法1.找出主句和從句3.判斷該詞指人/物4.判斷關系詞在定語從句部分充當什么成分（主/賓/定/狀）2.找出先行詞5.確定關系詞主語/賓語/定語時間/地點/原因狀語關系代詞關系副詞介詞+which(指物)介詞+whom(指人)Playagameofdefinition.“下定義游戲”ItisaancientpalaceinwhichtheroyalfamilyintheQingDynastylived.ItisadamthatwascreativelybuilttogetherbytheEgyptiangovernmentandtheUN.Ⅱ.用定語從句合并句子1.Thisprojectwasdesignedtohelpthestudentsinneed.Butitjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.→Thisproject______________________________________________justdidn’tworkoutasplanned.

2.Careofthesoulisagradualprocess.Eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsideredinit.→Careofthesoulisagradualprocess__________________________________________________________

that/whichwasdesignedtohelpthestudentsinneedwhere/inwhicheventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered3.I’mlookingforahouse.Itisbigenoughtoholdallthechildren.→I’mlookingforahouse__________________________________________.

4.Thegovernmentbuiltsheltersforthepeople.Theirhomeshadbeendestroyed.→Thegovernmentbuiltsheltersforthepeople___________________________.

5.Themanlivesoppositeourhouse.Heisaminer.→Theman______________________________isaminer.

6.LastweekMaryrodethebike.Igaveittoher.→LastweekMaryrodethebike______________________.

7.Heisalwaysmakingthesamemistake.Anditmakeshisteacherannoyed.→Heisalwaysmakingthesamemistake,______________________________.

which/thatisbigenoughtoholdallthechildrenwhosehomeshadbeendestroyedwho/thatlivesoppositeourhousethat/whichIgavetoherwhichmakeshisteacherannoyed8.Theyleftalmosteverythinginthehousetous.Amongthemweretwobookshelvespackedwiththickbooks.→Theyleftalmosteverythinginthehousetous_______________________________________________________.

9.Theyhadbeentrappedintheminefortwodays.Theminerswerefinallyrescued.→Theminers___________________________________fortwodays,werefinallyrescued.

10.I’vebeenlongingforthedays.Ishouldbeabletobeindependentthen.→I’vebeenlongingforthedays____________________________________.

amongwhichweretwobookshelvespackedwiththic