2023年中考英語語法講解與練習(xí)：動(dòng)詞不定式 （無答案）

動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，但oTolearnEnglishwellisimportant.=ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.真正的主語特殊句式①：Itis+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+todosth.Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.此處形容詞表示事物性質(zhì)，如important,useful,difficult等。It’simportantforustodosportseveryday每天做運(yùn)動(dòng)對我們是重要的。Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.此處形容詞表示人的品質(zhì)，如kind,nice,clever,friendly等。It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你幫助我真是太好了。②：Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.Ittookhimtwohourstodohishomeworkyesterday.昨天他花費(fèi)兩個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)。動(dòng)詞不定式可放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)，內(nèi)容，職業(yè)，身份等。obeanengineerstocleantheroomeveryday動(dòng)詞不定式常用在及物動(dòng)詞后，作賓語，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“動(dòng)詞+todo”。常接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞有：decide,hope,wish,plan,learn,need,agree,choose,want,wouldlike,offer(主動(dòng)提出),promise(承諾),prepare(準(zhǔn)備),refuse(拒絕)等WhatdoyouplantodothisSaturday?這周六你打算做什么？Hedoesn’tneedtocleanhisbedroomtonight.他今晚不需要打掃房間。構(gòu)成“動(dòng)詞+sb.todosth.”的結(jié)構(gòu)。否定形式多為“動(dòng)詞+sb.nottodosth”常接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask,teach,encourage,tell,advise,want,wouldlike,wish,invite,allow等。Sheoftenencouragesustoaskmorequestions.她經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)我們多問問題。Myparentsaskedmenottostayuplate不要熬夜。Hehasalotofworktodoeveryday.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)Heisalwaysthefirstonetocometoschool.(主謂關(guān)系)與它所修飾的詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則不定式必須加上Theyonlyhavearoomtolivein.他們只有一個(gè)房間可以住。Ihavenopapertowriteon.我沒有紙寫字。Wewillhavealotofthingstotalkabout.明天我們有很多事情要談。動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，通常表示目的、原因、Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.為了趕上第一輛公交車他起的很早。Tokeephealthy,henevereatsjunkfood.為了保持健康，他從來不吃垃圾食品。原因狀語時(shí)，常和某些形容詞連用構(gòu)成“be+形容詞+todo”的形式。常見的形容詞有：happy,glad,sorry,excited,surprised等。Wearegladtohearthenews.我們很開心聽到這個(gè)消息。I’msorrytotroubleyou.我很抱歉麻煩你。.結(jié)果狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，常與enough或too連用，構(gòu)成“adj.+enough+todosth”或“too...todo...”的形式。Heistooyoungtogotoschool.他年級太小不能上學(xué)。Heisstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybox.他足夠強(qiáng)壯能扛起那個(gè)沉重箱子。七．疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式疑問詞(what,which,when,where,how)與動(dòng)詞不定式連用，在句中作主語、表語和賓語。Wheretobuythebookismyproblem.(作主語)Myquestioniswhentostartthemeeting.(作表語)Idon’tknowhowtodealwiththeproblem.(作賓語)*注意區(qū)別：Idon’tknowwhattodo.(what是疑問代詞，可作及物動(dòng)詞do的賓語)Idon’tknowhowtodoit.(how是疑問副詞，不能做賓語)es用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.I’msorryIforgot__________(tell)himaboutit,sohedidn’tcome.2.Hehasanambition,itis__________(be)anastronaut(宇航員)likeYangLiwei.3.Becauseoftheheavysmog(霧霾),scientistsadvisedus________(notgo)outforexercise.4.Nowadays,it'sconvenientandcheapforus__________(ride)ashared-bicycle．5.Thanksforyourinvitation,Iamexcited__________(visit)yourhometown.6.Thenewwaterparkisagoodplace___________(havefun).7.Ioftenhearher_________(sing)thissongintheclassroomafterclass.8.I’msosorrytohaveyou__________(wait)forme.9.Beforethespeechhewastoonervous________(say)anything.10.Maryistellinganinterestingstory_____________(make)herbrotherfeelhappy.11.TuYouyouisthefirstChinesewomanscientist____________(win)theNobelPrizeforMedicine.1.Allthesesportsshoesaresobeautiful,soIhaven’tdecided________________.A.whichtochooseB.whattochooseC.howtochooseD.wheretochoose2.—Doyouhaveanyplansforthecomingvacation?—Sure.Wedecide__________SanshainJuly.A.visitB.visitingC.visitedD.tovisit3.Lookatthesign—“Noparking”.Don'tforget____________yourcaraway.A.tomoveB.movingC.movedD.move4.____________theairclean,thegovernment(政府)willclosesomefactoriesinthecity.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept5.Wheneverchildrenplaytogether,Susanstandsthereandwatchesthem______suretheydon'tbreakanything.A.makeB.madeC.tomakeD.making6.Ittookmysisterthreehours____________readingthisinterestingstory.A.tofinishB.finishedC.finishingD.finish7.—Whydon'tyougoouttoplay,Mary?—I'mafraidIcan't.Ihavemuchhomework_______.A.doB.doesC.doingD.todo8.Asateacher,myresponsibility(責(zé)任)is________mystudentshowtolearnEnglishwell.A.teacherB.toteachC.taughtD.willteach9.—WhyisLiMingpracticingspeakingEnglish?—_______abroadforfurtherstudy.AGoB.GoneC.TogoD.Goes10.—It'simpossibleforme__________myhomeworkinsuchashorttime.—Comeon!I'msureyoucan.A.completedB.tocompleteC.willcompleteD.completes11.Heissogladthatthiscompanyinviteshim__________apresentationonhisinvention.A.givingB.togiveC.nottogiveD.give12.—Wow,Wendy,it'scooltomakeashortvideowithyourmobilephone.—Justwithasoftware(軟件)calledMeipai.Letmeshowyou________________.A.whichtouseB.howtouseitC.whattouseD.howtouse13.Sheisverygoodattalking,herwordsalwaysletothers____________comfortable.A.tofeelB.feelingC.feltD.feel14.Themostimportantthingis_________stepstosolvethishardproblem.A.takenB.takesC.totakeD.willtake15.Thechairlooksquitehard,butinfactitisverycomfortable____________.A.sitB.sittingonC.beseatD.tositon三．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Whatishappylife?Differentpeoplehavedifferentanswers.Ithinkmylifeisveryhappy.Atschool,I’mnotatopstudent,butIhavemanygoodfriends.Wearehappy_________(study)togetherandplaytogether.Andwealsoenjoy_________(take)partinfootballmatchestogether.That’smyfavoriteactivity.Myteachersarestrictwithus,butneverpunishus.Theyalwaysencourageus______________(overcome)difficulties.MyfavoritesubjectEnglishmakesme__________(know)moreknowledgeaboutothercountriesandcultures.Athome,Ihaveahappyfamily,Welove____________(travel)allaroundtheworld.Lastsummer,we_