一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件語(yǔ)法專題突破專題五主謂一致和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)-3

語(yǔ)法專題突破專題五主謂一致和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)2022內(nèi)容索引核心考點(diǎn)課堂突破專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練鞏固提升核心考點(diǎn)課堂突破高考感悟Ⅰ.單句填空1.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測(cè)器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—

(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.

2.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit

(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon

(construct).”

3.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers

(carry)specialsignificance.

touched

meansisconstructedcarries

4.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Theartistwassurehewould

(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.

5.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand

(point)downtheriver.

6.(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,

(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.

bechosenpointed

formed

7.(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic

(call)galleriesorrooms.

8.(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection

(be)ondisplay.

9.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut

(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.

10.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene

(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.

arecalledis

havereportdeclared

Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold.

2.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Forexample,everymorning,mydadhastohaveabowlofeggsoupwhileIhadtoeatanapple.

3.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Mydaddon’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.

start→startedhad→havedon’t→doesn’t4.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thereweretworeasonsforthedecision.OnewasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.

5.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)I’vehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopenacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.

is→wasrequired→requires考點(diǎn)歸納一、主謂一致考點(diǎn)

主謂一致一覽表

主語(yǔ)情況謂語(yǔ)例句單數(shù)名詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)單數(shù)Asheepeatsgrass.Thewordmeansverygood.Toworkhardisnecessary.Whathesaidwaswrong.Airisveryimportanttous.TeachingEnglishcarriessignificance.Asheepeatsgrass.Thewordmeansverygood.Toworkhardisnecessary.Whathesaidwaswrong.Airisveryimportanttous.TeachingEnglishcarriessignificance.用and或both...and連接的并列主語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)HeandIwereclassmatesatthattime.Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.

主語(yǔ)情況謂語(yǔ)例句用and連接的并列主語(yǔ)如指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物(and后的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞)或主語(yǔ)前分別有each,every,no等修飾時(shí)單數(shù)Thegirl’steacherandfriendisyoung.Breadandbutter(=Thebreadwithbutteronit)isdailyfoodinthewest.Everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.

主語(yǔ)情況謂語(yǔ)例句不定代詞either,neither,each,none,theother,another,anyone,someone,something,everybody,everything,nobody等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)單數(shù)Eachofthegirlshasanapple.Somebodyiswaitingforyouatthegate.Everythingaroundusismatter.Eachofthegirlshasanapple.Somebodyiswaitingforyouatthegate.Everythingaroundusismatter.主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí),盡管后面跟有but,except,besides,aswellas,with,like等連接的其他名詞單數(shù)Sheaswellasherfriendslikesthisfilm.Mysister,likeyouandTom,isveryclever.

主語(yǔ)情況謂語(yǔ)例句語(yǔ)法一致原則由alotof/lotsof/plentyof+名詞/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),視名詞的數(shù)而定單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)Three-fifthsofthewaterisdirty.30percentofthemareagainsttheplan.意義一致原則表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞,people,police等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)Peoplearetalkingaboutthenews.Thepolicehaven’tarrived.

主語(yǔ)情況謂語(yǔ)例句意義一致原則有些集體名詞family,class,group,team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);若視為每一個(gè)成員,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)視具體情況而定HisfamilyhasmovedtoShanghai.Hisfamilyareallfondofmusic.Theirclassisverybig.Theclassarewaitingforanewteacher.HisfamilyhasmovedtoShanghai.Hisfamilyareallfondofmusic.Theirclassisverybig.Theclassarewaitingforanewteacher.who,what,which,all,more,most,some,any,half,none,therest等作主語(yǔ)視情況而定Whoisadoctor?Whoareleaguemembers?Mostofthemareyoungmen.Mostofthewaterisdirty.

主語(yǔ)情況謂語(yǔ)例句意義一致原則表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、數(shù)字、錢等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作整體看待時(shí)單數(shù)Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.Fivedollarsisquiteenough.Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.Fivedollarsisquiteenough.以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞如politics,maths及news屬形復(fù)意單名詞,及書(shū)報(bào)名、國(guó)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)單數(shù)Physicsseemstobedifficulttome.TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.

主語(yǔ)情況謂語(yǔ)例句用or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等連接的并列主語(yǔ)與靠近的主語(yǔ)一致EitheryouorIamwrong.Notonlywebutalsotheteachersarewrong.EitheryouorIamwrong.Notonlywebutalsotheteachersarewrong.由there或here引起的句子,主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常和鄰近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.Therearesomebooksandapieceofpaperonthedesk.注意1.不定代詞all,some,any等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),有以下兩種情況:(1)單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),視其上下文或文中的意義而定。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。(2)后接of或直接修飾名詞時(shí),其后若是不可數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),若是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:All

the

things

are

in

the

car

now.Now

all

the

food

is

in

the

basket.All

goes

well.2.“

the

number

of

+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù),因其意思是“……的數(shù)量”;而“a

number

of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),因a

number

of

的意思是“許多,大量(≈many)”。如:At

the

beginning

of

this

year,the

number

of

students

was

over

1700

in

the

school.A

number

of

trees

were

planted

yesterday.二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)一

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一覽表

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一共有16種,以ask為例,將其各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下:

現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般ask/asksaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask進(jìn)行am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking完成have/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedshould/wouldhaveasked完成進(jìn)行have/hasbeenaskinghadbeenaskingshall/willhavebeenaskingshould/wouldhavebeenasking考點(diǎn)二

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要由動(dòng)詞原形表示,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式一般由動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es構(gòu)成。其變化規(guī)則如下:情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況直接加-smean—meanslearn—learnscome—comesplay—playswant—wantsneed—needs情況變化規(guī)則例詞結(jié)尾為-s,-x,-sh,-ch或-o在詞尾加-espass—passesdiscuss—discussesteach—teacheswash—washesfix—fixesgo—goes結(jié)尾為“輔音字母+y”變y為i再加-escarry—carriescry—criesstudy—studiesworry—worries2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Fatheralwaysreadsnewspaperafterbreakfast.表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的性格、特征、能力Doeshelikesports?表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理Lightgoesfasterthansound.表示按時(shí)刻表、日程表、課程表等規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Thetrainstartsat10o’clockinthemorning.用于時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)IwilltellhimaboutitassoonasIseehimnextMonday.考點(diǎn)三

一般將來(lái)時(shí)

構(gòu)成用法例句will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Mysisterwillbetennextyear.begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形表示打算、計(jì)劃、即將做某事,或表示很有可能要發(fā)生某事It’sgoingtoclearup.We’regoingtohaveapartytonight.be+doing進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Heismovingtothesouth.AretheyleavingforEurope?構(gòu)成用法例句beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形表示安排或計(jì)劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Iwasabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.Themeetingisabouttoclose.beto+動(dòng)詞原形表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)We’retomeetattheschoolgateatnoon.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)Themeetingstartsatfiveo’clock.Theplaneleavesattenthisevening.考點(diǎn)四

一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式一般由動(dòng)詞原形加-ed構(gòu)成,其變化規(guī)則如下:情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在動(dòng)詞后加-edlook—lookedwatch—watchedstay—stayedexpect—expected以-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-dhope—hopedlike—liked情況變化規(guī)則例詞以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為i再加-edstudy—studiedtry—triedcopy—copiedcarry—carried以重讀閉音節(jié)或/r/音節(jié)結(jié)尾,詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔音字母再加-edstop—stoppedclap—clappedplan—plannedprefer—preferredadmit—admittedpermit—permitted2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法

表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Shesuddenlyfellillyesterday.Wedidn’thaveclasseslastweek.表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作IwenttothecinemaonceaweekwhenIwasatschool.在條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中代替一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)Hesaidhewouldnotgoifitrained.注意表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可以用would+動(dòng)詞原形或用used

to加動(dòng)詞原形。考點(diǎn)五

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式為:am/is/are+v.-ing。

v.-ing形式的變化規(guī)則如下:情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在詞尾直接加-ingwork—workinglook—lookingstudy—studying以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去e再加-inghave—havingface—facingtake—takingwrite—writing情況變化規(guī)則例詞以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母再加-ingcut—cuttingput—puttingswim—swimmingbegin—beginning以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變ie為y再加-inglie—lyingtie—tyingdie—dying2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Sorry,I’mbusyrightnow.Iamfillinginanapplicationformforanewjob.go,come,leave,arrive,return,stop,start,begin,meet等動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作I’mleavingforBeijingtomorrow.與always,constantly,forever,continually,allthetime等連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有不滿、抱怨或者贊賞等感情色彩Heisalwayshelpingothers.Sheisconstantlyworryingaboutherson’shealth.3.不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞

表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞know,realize,think(that),suppose(that),doubt,forget,remember,understand,regard,like,love,hate,care,believe,want,wish,agree,mean,need等表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞be,have,belong,own,possess,suit,fit,contain,depend,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,turnout等表示短暫性、一次性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等考點(diǎn)六

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

構(gòu)成have/has+過(guò)去分詞have/has+過(guò)去分詞用法所表示的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話之前已完成,而對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響,句中沒(méi)有具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Ihavespentallofmymoney(sofar).(含義:現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢花了。)GuoZijunhas(just/already)come.(含義:郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒。)Myfatherhasgonetowork.(含義:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒。)用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常與for...和

since...等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或sofar等表示包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)連用Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.Therehavebeenthreeaccidentsheresofarthisyear.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.Therehavebeenthreeaccidentsheresofarthisyear.還可用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)此動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生I’llgotoyourhomewhenIhavefinishedmyhomework.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.考點(diǎn)七

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

構(gòu)成was/were+v.-ingwas/were+v.-ing用法表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Sheaskedwhetherhewascomingbackforlunch.考點(diǎn)八

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

構(gòu)成was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形;would/should+動(dòng)詞原形was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形;would/should+動(dòng)詞原形用法表示在過(guò)去預(yù)計(jì)將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)IthoughtthatJackwasgoingtowritealettertohisfather.YouknewIwouldcome.考點(diǎn)九

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

構(gòu)成had+過(guò)去分詞had+過(guò)去分詞用法表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,即發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”WhenIcamehomefromwork,shehadfinishedherhomework.WhenIcamehomefromwork,shehadfinishedherhomework.表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖,只適用于動(dòng)詞expect(期待),hope(希望),intend(打算),mean(打算),suppose(料想),think(認(rèn)為),want(想要)等Wehadhopedthatyouwouldbeabletovisitus.Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.考點(diǎn)十

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

構(gòu)成have/hasbeen+v.-inghave/hasbeen+v.-ing用法表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)間。其動(dòng)作是否繼續(xù)下去,則由上下文而定;可以表重復(fù)性動(dòng)作,也可以帶有感情色彩JackhasbeenphoningJaneeverynightforthelastweek.Ithasbeenrainingfor2days.(表達(dá)說(shuō)話者“抱怨”的感情色彩。)Ihavebeenhopingtohaveacarofmyown.考點(diǎn)十一

幾組時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別

一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)只涉及一個(gè)純過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,凡有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間的均用過(guò)去時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去”,和現(xiàn)在毫無(wú)關(guān)系Wereyouatschoolyesterday?昨天你在學(xué)校嗎?(問(wèn)的是昨天的事情。但對(duì)今天沒(méi)什么影響。)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果,動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.我剛剛寫(xiě)完作業(yè)。(看上去好像是過(guò)去才發(fā)生的事情,但是對(duì)我現(xiàn)在有了影響。因?yàn)閷?xiě)完了作業(yè),就可以做自己想做的事情。)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)指的是相對(duì)于過(guò)去的某一特定時(shí)間更早發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,即過(guò)去完成時(shí)至少涉及兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作Whenhecamein,Ihadhadmysupper.他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我就已經(jīng)吃完晚餐了。(吃在進(jìn)來(lái)之前,所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。)考點(diǎn)十二

固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的時(shí)態(tài)

hardly...when...,nosooner...than...“一……就……”主句時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)HardlyhadIopenedthedoorwhenTomcamein.This/That/Itis/wasthefirst/second...time+that從句“是……次做某事”若主句中為is,則從句時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);若為was,則從句時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)Thisisthefirsttimewehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.It+be...before...“要過(guò)……才”或“在……以后才”若be動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí),則before從句中常用一般過(guò)去時(shí);若be動(dòng)詞用將來(lái)時(shí),則before從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometimebeforeBriangetsback.was/weredoing...when“正在做某事,這時(shí)(突然)”在when引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式Iwasabouttoleavewhenhecamein.IhadjustlockedthedoorwhenIrealisedIhadleftmykeyonthekitchentable.was/wereabouttodo...when...“正要做某事,這時(shí)(突然)”was/wereabouttodo...when...“正要做某事,這時(shí)(突然)”was/wereabouttodo...when...“正要做某事,這時(shí)(突然)”haddone...when“剛做完某事,這時(shí)(突然)”haddone...when“剛做完某事,這時(shí)(突然)”haddone...when“剛做完某事,這時(shí)(突然)”Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+sincesince從句用過(guò)去時(shí)。該句型表某個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)多久。但若since后跟延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,要翻譯成否定含義,即“沒(méi)做某事已經(jīng)多久了”Ithasbeenthreeyearssinceheworkedhere.他不在這工作已經(jīng)三年了。Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehesmoked.他已經(jīng)戒煙三年了。Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehebegantosmoke.他吸煙有三年了。考點(diǎn)十三

八種時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)often,usually,always,sometimes,never,seldom,everyweek/day/year/month...,onceaweek,onSundays一般過(guò)去時(shí)ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek/year/night/month...,in1989,justnow,attheageoffive,oneday,ago,longago,onceuponatime,then(那時(shí)),onthatday,theotherday(幾天以前)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)now,thesedays,atthismoment/time過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或“when+一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句”,at1:00lastnight現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)recently,recentyears,thesedays/years,lately,since,for+時(shí)段(但還在延續(xù)),inthepastfewyears,eversince,inthelast/pastfivemonths,uptonow,sincethen,sofar,ever,never,yet,lately,once,twice,three/fourtimes...,already,before,just過(guò)去完成時(shí)before,bytheendoflastyear/term/month一般將來(lái)時(shí)tomorrow,nextday/week/month/year...,soon,inafewminutes,by...,thedayaftertomorrow,inthefuture過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)thenextday/morning/year...,thefollowingmonth/week...考點(diǎn)十四

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義

系動(dòng)詞+形容詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appearThesoupsmellsgoodbuttastesterrible.不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用,用以表示主語(yǔ)的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keepThiskindofmaterialwasheseasily.Thepenwritessmoothly.Meatwon’tkeeplonginsuchhotweather.表開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,runTheshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.有些表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)詞的-ing形式need,require,want,beworthYourhairwantscutting.Thefloorrequireswashing.Thebookisworthreading.不定式在某些形容詞之后,且與主語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossibleThequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisheavytocarry.Theprojectisimpossibletocompleteinayear.考點(diǎn)十五

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/areasked過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingasked一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/wereasked現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeenasked一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/willbeasked過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbeenasked過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/wouldbeasked將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/wouldhavebeenasked現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingasked含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的can/must/maybeasked注意(1)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not,短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不可漏掉其中的介副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)be

going

to,used

to,have

to,had

better變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

如:Trees

should

not

be

planted

in

summer./The

boy

was

made

fun

of

by

his

classmates.Newspapers

used

to

be

sent

here

by

the

little

girl.(2)下面動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belong

to,take

place,break

out,come

about,agree

with,keep

up

with,consist

of,have

on,lose

heart等?？键c(diǎn)十六

特殊形式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

be+過(guò)去分詞+不定式Heisreportedtohavebrokenaworldrecord.據(jù)報(bào)道他打破了世界紀(jì)錄。It+be+過(guò)去分詞+從句Itisbelievedthat...人們相信;Itisgenerallyconsideredthat...一般認(rèn)為;Itissaidthat...據(jù)說(shuō);Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知;Itmustbepointedoutthat...必須指出的是;Itissupposedthat...應(yīng)該是;Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道;Itmustbeadmittedthat...需要承認(rèn)的是;Itishopedthat...希望get+過(guò)去分詞getmarried結(jié)婚;gethurt受傷;getlost迷路;getcaught/stuck/trapped被困專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練鞏固提升Ⅰ.單句填空1.ItwasraininglightlywhenI

(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.

2.IwasonmywayhomeaftershoppingandsawasmalldogrunningacrosstheverybusystreetI

(travel)on.

3.Atpresentmoreandmorepeople

(buy)clothesonlinetosavetimeandmoney.

4.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn

(be)therewhenthemeetingbegan.

5.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow

(be)oftenacceptable.

arrived

wastravelingarebuyingwas

is

6.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshe

(teach)aclassatthattime.

7.Justanhouragohetoldmeonthephonethathe

(come)homerightafterhiswork.

8.TombSweepingDayisatimetorememberthedead.ItisamajorChinesefestivalwhich

(fall)inearlyspring.

9.UsuallyBeijingRoastDuck

(serve)togetherwithspecialpancakes,greenonionsandsweetsauce.

10.JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI

(leave)mykeysinthelibrary.

willbeteaching

wouldcomefalls

isservedhadleftⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhavelivedawayfrommyhome,soIfounditdifficulttofitin.

2.Planningsofaraheadmakenosense—somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.

3.Whenwearrivedthere,ithadsnowedheavilythedaybeforeandtherewasterriblestorms.

4.Afriendofminewasreturnedtohishouseafteraholidayonlytofindithadbeenbrokeninto.

have→hadmake→makeswas→were去掉was5.Theonewhoalwayslistentootherstendstobeeasy-going.Whenheisintrouble,hisfriendswillbewillingtohelphim.

6.Perhapsitwillbealongtimebeforetheywillcomefromabroad.

7.Myfatherhasemployedatthisjobsince1990.

8.Thelionregardedasthekingintheanimalworldsoitrepresentspower.