普通語言學(xué)（全英文）智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年北京師范大學(xué)

普通語言學(xué)（全英文）智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年北京師范大學(xué)Incontrasttoreference,sensemaybedefinedasthesemanticrelationsbetweenonewordandanother,ormoregenerallybetweenonelinguisticuniteandanother.（）

答案:對Phrasesarethesmallestmeaningfulunitsinsyntax.（）

答案:錯(cuò)TheGrammaticalizationmeansthatalexicalwordbecomesagrammaticalwordthroughoutthecourseofhistory.（）

答案:對Ifonelanguagemakesdistinctionsthatanotherdoesn’tmake,thenthosewhousethe1stlanguagewillmorereadilyperceivethedifferencesintheirenvironment.（）

答案:對TheframeworkproposedbyDouglasFirincorporatessocialexperiencesintolanguagelearning.（）

答案:對Howdoescultureinfluencetheperceptionofpolitenessandimpolitenessinlanguage?（）

答案:Politenessnormscanvarydependingonthesocialhierarchyandpowerdynamicsinaculture.###Insomecultures,directlanguageisseenaspolite,whileinothers,indirectlanguageispreferred.###Culturalnormsdictatewhenandhowapologiesareexpressed.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesoflanguageattitudesthatcancontributetolinguisticprejudice?（）

答案:Stereotypingspeakersofcertaindialects###Valuingone'sowndialectassuperiorWhichsociolinguisticfactorsaretypicallyexaminedwhenstudyinglanguageandgender?（）

答案:Socializationpatterns###Differencesinphonologicalfeatures###VariationinsyntacticstructuresWhichofthefollowingaregoalsofhistoricallinguistics?（）

答案:Tounderstandlanguageevolution###Toreconstructproto-languagesWhichofthefollowingrepresenttypesofsenserelationsinlexicalsemantics?（）

答案:Hyponymy###Antonymy###MeronymyHowdoessociolinguisticscontributetotheunderstandingoflanguagecontactandbilingualism?（）

答案:Byexploringhowlanguagecontactaffectslanguagemaintenanceandchange###Byanalyzinghowlanguagesinfluenceeachotherinmultilingualcommunities###BystudyingthecognitiveprocessesinvolvedinlanguageswitchingWhichofthefollowingfactorscanleadtolanguagechangeaccordingtovariationisttheory?（）

答案:Peerpressure###MigrationWhatisthetermfortheprocessbywhichlanguagesinfluenceeachotherandgraduallybecomemoresimilarduetocontact?（）

答案:Linguisticdiffusion###LanguageconvergenceWhatisnottheimpliedsuggestionregardingtheuseofpairandgroupworkinlanguagelearning?（）

答案:Pairandgroupworkshouldbeusedregardlessofactivitydesignorlearnercompatibility.###Pairandgroupworkshouldonlybeusedwithperfectlymatchedlearners.###Pairandgroupworkshouldalwaysbeavoided.Whatisthesignificanceoftheconceptoflinguisticprestigeinsociolinguistics?（）

答案:Itreflectsthepowerdynamicswithinasociety###ItinfluenceslanguagechangeandvariationThefamoussaying—thereareathousandHamletsinathousandpeople’seyescanbebestexplainedbyundertheframeworkofCognitiveLinguistics.（）

答案:construalWhichofthefollowingisNOTafactorcontributingtolanguagevariationinsociolinguistics?（）

答案:WeatherconditionsWhatistheprimaryfocusofparentswheninteractingwithchildrenregardinglanguagelearning?（）

答案:PrioritizingunderstandingandcommunicationWhichaspectoflanguagelearningmightlearnerswithstronglanguageanalysisskillsperformbetterin?（）

答案:GrammarcomprehensionTheconceptof"linguisticrelativity"suggeststhat:（）

答案:DifferentlanguagescaninfluencethewayspeakersthinkandperceivetheworldWhichtermdescribestheprocessofadoptingelementsofoneculture'slanguageorbehaviorbyanotherculture?（）

答案:CulturalappropriationHowdoesmeaningfulinteractioncontributetolanguagelearninginthescientificresearch?（）

答案:Itprovidesopportunitiesforlearnerstobeengagedinauthenticandpurposefulcommunication.Whatshouldteachersconsiderwhenprovidingcorrectivefeedbackintheclassroomteaching?（）

答案:Students'reactionsandemotionsCognitionofLanguageisnotthesystem,itisrelatedwithothercognitivemechanisms.（）

答案:autonomousWhichsyntacticbracketingrepresentsthesentence"Thecatchasedthemouse"accordingtoICanalysis?（）

答案:[[The][cat]][[chased][[the][mouse]]]Whatistheprimaryfunctionofsyntaxinlanguage?（）

答案:StructuringsentencesandphrasesImageschemasaredeeply-rootedinourembodiedexperiences,theyarethebridgesbetween_____and_______.（）

答案:perceptsandconceptsInthecontextofsecondlanguageacquisition,whenerrorsoccurinlanguagelearning,whatmightbeindicatedaboutthelearners?（）

答案:Learnersaremakinggenuineattemptstounderstandthestructureofthenewlanguage.Insemantics,whatdohomonymsreferto?（）

答案:WordsthatsoundalikebuthavedifferentmeaningsWhichtypeofsentencestructureinvolvesasubject,verb,anddirectobject?（）

答案:SimplesentenceWhichofthefollowingisanexampleofabeliefaboutlanguagelearning?（）

答案:Theageoflanguageacquisitiondoesn'taffectlanguageproficiency.Whatistheprimaryfocusofhistoricallinguistics?（）

答案:LanguagechangeovertimeWhatdoesdevelopmentalsequencerefertointhecontextofsecondlanguageacquisition?（）

答案:Thepredictableorderinwhichlearnersacquirelanguagefeatures.Grammaticalizationcanbeinterpretedintotwodimensions.Thefirstoneisthatalexicalwordbecomesagrammaticalword,andthesecondoneisthataconcreteexpressionbecomes.（）

答案:agrammaticalstructure.Whichtermdescribestheuniquestrengthsinspecificcognitiveareasthatdifferentlearnerspossess?（）

答案:AptitudeprofilesConceptualmetaphorsaredifferentfrommetaphoricalchoices,fortheformerare______andthelatterare______.（）

答案:conceptualrepresentations;languagerepresentationsWhichofthefollowingisNOTatypeoflinguisticvariationtypicallystudiedinsociolinguistics?（）

答案:GeologicalvariationWhichtermdescribesthestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenlanguagesandtheircommonancestry?（）

答案:HistoricallinguisticsWhichofthefollowingisanexampleofinteractionactivityinInteractionHypothesisinthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition?（）

答案:Engaginginaconversationwithanativespeakeristhefundamentallevelofcategorizationinone’smind.（）

答案:basiclevelInmanyWesterncultures,afirmhandshakeisoftenseenasasignof:（）

答案:ConfidenceandsincerityWhatisanotableadvantageofusingRECASTSinlanguageteachingaccordingtothetheoryofsecondlanguageacquisition?（）

答案:Itdoesn'tdisrupttheongoingconversation.Whichlinguisticphenomenonisoftenusedasevidenceinhistoricallinguisticstotracelanguageevolution?（）

答案:PhonologicalshiftsWhattermdescribesasemanticrelationshipwhereonewordismoregeneralthananother,suchas"animal"beingmoregeneralthan"dog"?（）

答案:HyponymyWhatarethetwoconceptualmetaphorsinthesentence:Sheencounteraninsurmountableimpedimentattheduskofherlife?（）

答案:Lifeisajourney;Lifeisaday.Howcanteachersintheclassroomteachingcontributetocreatingamotivatingenvironmentforlanguagelearningaccordingtowhatyouhavelearnedinthissection?（）

答案:Byofferinginterestinglearningmaterials.###Byprovidingpositivefeedback,fosteringasupportiveclassroomcultureWhatisNOTthetypicallanguagelearningoutcomeforadultL2learnerscomparedtochildreninL1acquisitionaccordingtothetheoryinsecondlanguageacquisition?（）

答案:AdultL2learnerssurpasschildreninL1acquisition.###AdultL2learnerseasilysurpasschildreninL1acquisitionduetotheirmotivation.###AdultL2learnersachieveidenticalfluencyandaccuracyaschildreninL1acquisition.Whatisformulaiclanguageinnativeandsecondlanguagespeakersandwhyisitimportantintheprocessoflanguagelearning?（）

答案:Utilizingfrequentlyoccurringwordcombinationsnaturally.Howdoparentstypicallycorrecttheirchildren'sspeechwhenthechildrenareveryyoungaccordingtothetheoryinthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition?（）

答案:Theyfocusonthechoiceofinappropriatewords.Spolsky’sgeneralmodelofL2learningencapsulatestheoverallrelationshipbetweencontextualfactors,individuallearnerdifferences,learningopportunitiesandlearningoutcomes.（）

答案:對Learnerswithhigherintelligencealwaysoutperformothersinlanguagelearning.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Whatistheprimaryfocusofcontent-basedinstruction(CBI)inlanguageteaching?（）

答案:Developinglanguageskillsthroughsubjectmatter.WhichofthefollowingisanexampleofacognitiveL2strategyinlanguagelearninginthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition?（）

答案:TakingnoteswhilelisteningtoalanguagepodcastWhichofthefollowingisFALSEaccordingtowhatyouhaveleaned?（）

答案:Individuallearnercharacteristicshavenoimpactonlanguagelearningoutcomes.###Languagelearningissolelydependentonindividuallearnercharacteristicsandisnotaffectedbycontextualfactors.###Allindividualsacquirelanguagesatthesamerateandwiththesameease.AccordingtoDouglasFir'sframeworkonTheMultifacetedNatureofLanguageLearningandT,howistheindividualpositionedinrelationtoothersintheprocessoflanguagelearning?（）

答案:AtthecenterofengagementwithothersWhichofthefollowingchoicesisnotthecharacteristicsofbasiccategoryundertheframeworkofprototypetheory?（）

答案:HardtorememberWhenhalfofabottleofwaterisleftduringhiking,somemaybedisappointedtosaythatthebottleishalfempty,whileotherswillbeblissfultosaythatthebottleishalffull.Whichofthefollowinglinguistictheoriescanbestexplainthislinguisticphenomenon?（）

答案:construalWhichofthefollowinglinguisticphenomenonwillbestexemplifytheattentiveviewofCognitiveLinguistics?（）

答案:ThesentenceofThecarhasbrokendownisusedtorepresentthewholecarcrash.WhichofthefollowinglinguisticphenomenahasilluminatedtheiconicityofLanguage？（）

答案:Thepragmaticdistinctionbetweenmyheartwillgoonandmyheartwillgoonandon.istheintrinsicfeatureofsemioticsystem,whileitisthatdeterminestheculturalvalueandlinguisticvalueofCognitiveLinguisticresearch.（）

答案:Arbitrariness;iconicityWhatistheapparentdifferencebetweenCAanalysisinstructuralsemanticsandthecognitiveanalysisofsemantics?（）

答案:encyclopedicknowledgeexpoundingThetheoryofmodularity,whichconsiderslanguagecapabilitiestobeautonomousmodulars,comesfrom.（）

答案:FormalLinguisticsGrammaticalizationcanbeappliedtoexplainacertainhistoricalchangethataconcretewordbecomesagrammaticalmarker.（）

答案:對WhichofthefollowingchoicesisnotthemajortopicofinterestinCognitiveLinguistics?（）

答案:Thegenerativeandtransformativerulesoflinguisticrepresentation.ItisthethatdifferCognitiveLinguisticsfromotherschoolsofmodernlinguistics.（）

答案:TheAttentiveViewofLanguage###TheProminenceviewofLanguage###TheExperientialviewofLanguageInallhumanlanguages,asadefiningpropertyofanoun,GENDERisalwaysidenticaltothenaturaldistinctionbetweentwooppositesexes.（）

答案:錯(cuò)InmanyAsiancultures,theuseofhonorificsandtitlesinlanguageisasignof:（）

答案:PolitenessandrespectHowdoesculturalcontextimpacttheinterpretationofaspokenstatement?（）

答案:Culturalcontextcanleadtodifferentinterpretationsofthesamestatement.Languageisintertwinedwithcultureandthought,anditplaysanimportantroleinbuildingandmaintainingcultureaswellasshapingthoughts.（）

答案:對Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture?（）

答案:Languageisareflectionofculture.Whichlinguisticfeatureisofteninfluencedbyculturalnormsandtaboos?（）

答案:SemanticsWhichofthefollowingarewaysinwhichlanguageandculturecanmutuallyinfluenceeachotherovertime?（）

答案:Languagecanshapeculturalvaluesandbeliefs.###Bilingualismandmultilingualismcanresultfromculturalcontact.###Culturecanimpactthedevelopmentofnewdialectsandlanguages.WhatistheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?（）

答案:LanguageshapesthoughtandperceptionInmanycultures,theuseofformallanguageisassociatedwith:（）

答案:RespectandpolitenessWhichtermreferstothephenomenonwhereawordorconceptexistsinonelanguagebutlacksanequivalentinanother?（）

答案:LexicalgapWhichtermdescribesthetendencyofindividualstomodifytheirspeechtoresemblethatoftheirconversationalpartner?（）

答案:LanguageconvergenceAlanguagehasmorespeakersthanadialect.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Whatroledo"linguisticideologies"playinsociolinguisticresearch?（）

答案:Theyshapepeople'sbeliefsaboutwhatconstitutes"good"or"bad"language###TheyimpactlanguagepoliciesanddecisionsPeople’sspeechtendstobecomemorestandardwhencontextofsituationbecomesmoreformal.（）

答案:對Inanoverallsense,alanguageismoreprestigiousthanadialect.（）

答案:對Itisimpossibletotellaboutanindividual’seducationorsocialstatusaccordingtohis/heraccentordialect.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Sociolinguisticsexamineshowlanguagevaries:（）

答案:BothbetweenlanguagesandwithinasingledialectWhichofthefollowingarefactorsthatcaninfluenceanindividual'slanguagevariationinaspeechcommunity?（）

答案:Personalpreferences###Peergroup###FamilybackgroundWhichlinguisticconceptreferstothesocialstatus,power,andprestigeassociatedwithaparticulardialectorwayofspeaking?（）

答案:LinguisticinequalityOnewayforpeopletoconstructtheiridentityisusingregionaldialect.（）

答案:對HowisrhythmachievedinEnglish?（）

答案:stressThestepofevaluationisthefoundationintheprocedureofstylisticanalysis.（）

答案:錯(cuò)InEnglish,rhythmicpatterningisusuallyanalyzedintermsofmeter.（）

答案:對Derivationproducesforegroundingbybreakingtherulesornormsofeverydaylanguage.（）

答案:對Stylisticsisconcernedwith____（）

答案:thechoicesthatareavailabletothewriter###thereasonswhyparticularexpressionareusedratherthanothers###theeffectofparticularchoicesonthereaderWhatdoesstylerefertointhestudyofstylistics?（）

答案:Acharacteristicof‘good’or‘beautiful’literarywritings.###Theeffectivenessofamodeofexpression###Aperson’sdistinctivelanguagehabits,thesetofindividualcharacteristicsoflanguageuse.###Someorallofthelanguagehabitssharedbyagroupofpeopleatonetimeoroveraperiodoftime.byagroupofpeopleatagiventime.Stylisticanalysisiscomparativeinnature.Thatistosay,itinvitestocomparewhattheauthoractuallysayswithwhatcouldhavebeensaid.Thisisreflectedintheviewofstyleasforegrounding.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Whatdoes“penta-”in“pentameter”mean?（）

答案:fivefeetInhistoricallinguistics,whichmethodscanbeusedtocomparelanguagesandidentifytheirhistoricalrelationships?（）

答案:Lexicalcomparison###Morphologicalcomparison###PhonologicalcomparisonWhichofthefollowingfactorscancontributetolanguagechangewithinaspeechcommunity?（）

答案:Languagestandardizationefforts###ContactwithotherspeechcommunitiesWhichlinguistictheoryemphasizestheroleofculturalandsocialfactorsinlanguagechange?（）

答案:SociolinguisticsWhatlinguisticevidenceisoftenusedtoestablishlanguagefamiliesandtheirhistoricalrelationships?（）

答案:PhonologicalsimilaritiesLanguagevariationisdiachronicwhilelanguagechangeissynchronic.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Inhistoricallinguistics,whichfactorscanleadtolanguagechange?（）

答案:Geographicalisolation###MigrationandcontactwithotherspeechcommunitiesWhichlinguistictermreferstothegradualshiftinpronunciationofcertainsoundsinalanguageovertime?（）

答案:PhonologicalshiftWhatistheprimarygoalofthecomparativemethodinhistoricallinguistics?（）

答案:Toreconstructproto-languagesWhichlinguisticapproachinvolvescomparinglanguagestoidentifysharedfeaturesandinfertheirhistoricalrelationships?（）

答案:Comparativelinguistics###HistoricallinguisticsInhistoricallinguistics,whatisthetermfortheprocessbywhichlanguagessplitintodistinctbutrelatedlanguages?（）

答案:LanguagedivergenceReallanguagechangecannotbeobservedatall.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Whichlinguisticphenomenoninvolvesthesimplificationoflanguagefeaturesovertime,suchasthelossofinflectionalendings?（）

答案:LinguisticerosionWhenpeoplegiveadispreferredresponse,theytendtomakeextraefforts.（）

答案:對Cohesivedevicescanbebroadlydividedintogrammaticalandlexicalcohesivedevices.（）

答案:對7TheThemeofaclausedoesnotalwayscoincidewithgiveninformation.（）

答案:對Atransitionrelevanceplacereferstotherecognizableendofaturnunit,apossiblecompletionpoint.（）

答案:對Everydaycasualconversationistotallymessyanddisorganized.（）

答案:錯(cuò)ZelligHarrisfirstproposedthenotionofdiscourseanalysisin1952.（）

答案:對Atextcanbecoherentwithoutanycohesivedevices.（）

答案:對Collocationisonetypeofgrammaticalcohesionthatisachievedthroughtheassociationoflexicalitemsthatregularlyco-occur.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Thetextureofdiscourseisidenticaltothecohesionindiscourse.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Thematicstructureisspeaker-orientedwhileinformationstructureislistener-oriented.（）

答案:對Anutterancelike“Thisismine.Thatisyours.”canbetotallyunderstoodwithoutacontext.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Theuseofdifferentaddresstermsisreflectiveofdifferentinterpersonalrelationships.（）

答案:對Cooperativeprincipleexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconveymorethanisliterallysaid.（）

答案:對Syntaxstudiestherelationshipsbetweenlinguisticformsandentitiesintheworld.（）

答案:錯(cuò)JohnSearlefirstproposedspeechacttheory.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Inspeechacttheory,anutterancethatcanbeverifiedcannotberegardedasaspeechact.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Forasentencelike“Ipronounceyouhusbandandwife!”,itdoesnotstateafactordescribeastate,andisnotverifiable.（）

答案:對Anutterancelike“Wariswar.”istautologicalwithoutexpressinganyadditionalmeaning.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Pragmaticsstudiestherelationoflinguisticunitstotheirusers.（）

答案:對Thesameutterancecanbeunderstoodinverydifferentwaysindifferentcontexts.（）

答案:對Tosomeextent,thedifferencebetweenthegradableandthecomplementarycanbecomparedtothetraditionallogicaldistinctionbetweenthecontraryandthecontradictory.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Pairsofantonymssuchasdeadandalive,manandwomanarecalledcomplementaryantonymsbecausethedenialofonememberofapairresultsintheassertionoftheother.（）

答案:對Thetheoryofmeaningwhichrelatesthemeaningofawordtothethingitrefersto,orstandsfor,isknownasthereferentialtheory.（）

答案:對Whichofthefollowingareaspectsoflexicalsemantics?（）

答案:Semanticcomponentialanalysis###SenserelationsWhatisthetermforwordsthathaveoppositemeanings,suchas"good"and"bad"?（）

答案:AntonymsOnememberofapair,usuallythetermforthehigherdegree,servesasthe_____term.（）

答案:coverInsemantics,whichofthefollowingaretypesofantonymy?（）

答案:Complementaryantonyms###Relationalantonyms###GradableantonymsWhattermisusedinsemanticstodescribethemeaningofwordsinisolation,withoutconsideringtheiruseinsentences?（）

答案:LexicalsemanticsWhichofthefollowingareexamplesofsemanticrolestypicallyassociatedwithverbs?（）

答案:Patient###Location###AgentWhichlinguisticsubfieldinvestigatesthemeaningofwordsandtheircombinationswithinsentences?（）

答案:SemanticsWhatdoessyntaxprimarilystudy?（）

答案:SentencestructureWhichofthefollowingisNOTasyntacticcategoryinlanguage?（）

答案:PronunciationInsyntax,whichofthefollowingareconsideredconstituents?（）

答案:Sentences###Phrases###WordsBeforetheemergenceofstructuralistgrammarfoundedbySaussureatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,whatwaspredominantinthelinguisticworldisgenerativegrammar.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Whichlinguistictheoryemphasizestheimportanceofphrasestructurerulesinsyntax?（）

答案:GenerativegrammarWhichofthefollowingareexamplesofsyntacticrules?（）

答案:Syntacticrules###MorphologicalrulesLinguisticstudiesbeforethe20thcenturywerelargelydescriptiveinthesensethatmanyearlygrammarswerebasedon“high”(literary,religious)writtenlanguage.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Insyntax,whatisthetermforthearrangementofwordstocreatewell-formedsentences?（）

答案:SyntacticstructureAccordingtotheregulationsoftraditionalgrammar,thesentenceWouldyoumindmesittinghere?isungrammatical.（）

答案:對Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofasyntacticambiguity?（）

答案:"Isawthemanwiththetelescope."Inflectionalmorphemesneverchangethegrammaticalcategoryofthestemstowhichtheyareattached.（）

答案:對Allwordsmaybesaidtocontaina___morpheme（）

答案:rootWhichisthestemoftheword“purified”?（）

答案:purifyArootcanalwaysstandaloneasaword.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Themorpheme–edintheword“worked”isa(n)__________morpheme.（）

答案:inflectionalTheword“l(fā)ab”isformedthrough____.（）

答案:clippingMostofthederivationalprefixesneverneverchangethegrammaticalcategoryofthestemstowhichtheyareattached.（）

答案:對Whichis