高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 考點(diǎn)二十二 新聞時(shí)事類練習(xí)（含解析）-人教版高三英語(yǔ)試題

考點(diǎn)二十二新聞時(shí)事類A限時(shí)12分鐘ArobotcalledBina48hassuccessfullytakenacourseinthephilosophyofloveatNotreDamedeNamurUniversity(NDNU),inCalifornia.AccordingtothecourseinstructorWilliamBarry,associateprofessoratNDNU,Bina48istheworld'sfirstsociallyadvancedrobottocompleteacollegecourse,afeathedescribedas“remarkable”.Therobottookpartinclassdiscussions,gaveapresentationwithastudentpartnerandparticipatedinadebatewithstudentsfromanotherinstitution.Beforebecomingastudent,Bina48appearedasaguestspeakerinBarry'sclassesforseveralyears.OnedaywhenaddressingBarry'sclass,Bina48expressedadesiretogotocollege,whichwasenthusiasticallysupportedbyBarryandhisstudents.RatherthanenrollBina48inhisRobotEthics:PhilosophyofEmergingTechnologiescourse,BarrysuggestedthatBina48shouldtakehiscoursePhilosophyofLoveinstead.“LoveisaconceptBina48doesn'tunderstand，”saidBarry.ThereforethechallengewouldbeforBarryandhisstudentstoteachBina48whatloveis.“Someinterestingthingshappenedintheclass，”saidBarry.“HesaidthathisstudentsthoughtitwouldbestraightforwardtoteachBina48aboutlove,which,afterall,is‘fairlysimple—it'safeeling，’”saidBarry.Buttherealitywasdifferent.“Bina48endeduplearning‘31differentversionsoflove，’”saidBarry,highlightingsomeofthechallengeshumansmayfacewhenworkingartificialintelligenceinfuture.Bina48participatedinclassdiscussionsviaSkypeandalsotookpartinaclassdebateaboutloveandconflictwithstudentsfromWestPoint.Bina48'scontributiontothedebatewasfilmedandpostedonYouTube.ItwasjudgedthatBina48andNDNUclassmateswerethewinnersofthisdebate.Inthenextdecade,BarryhopesBina48mightbecomecomplexenoughtoteachaclass,thoughhesaysheforeseesrobotsbeingusedtobettertheteachingandlearningexperience,ratherthanreplacinginstructorscompletely.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。機(jī)器人Bina48成功地完成愛(ài)的哲學(xué)這門課程。Bina48參加討論，作報(bào)告，參與辯論，在課堂上的表現(xiàn)堪稱是非凡的。它的表現(xiàn)展示了人工智能或許在某種程度上比人類更聰明，未來(lái)人們希望它能促進(jìn)教學(xué)幫助學(xué)習(xí)。1．WhatwasBina48'sperformancelikeinclass?A．Extraordinary. B．Insignificant.C．Far-reaching. D．Unattractive.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Bina48istheworld'sfirstsociallyadvancedrobot...inadebatewithstudentsfromanotherinstitution”可知，Bina48在課堂上參與討論，與伙伴一起作報(bào)告，參與辯論，其表現(xiàn)被描繪成“卓越的”。因此推斷它的表現(xiàn)是非凡的。故選A。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“addressing”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Dealingwith. B．Consultingwith.C．Givingaspeechto. D．Sendingaletterto.答案：C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Beforebecomingastudent,Bina48appearedasaguestspeakerinBarry'sclassesforseveralyears.”可知，在做學(xué)生之前，Bina48在Barry的課堂上擔(dān)任特邀演講人好幾年，因此推斷它經(jīng)常演講，故畫線詞所在句句意：一天當(dāng)Bina48在Barry的課堂上演講時(shí)，它表達(dá)了想要上大學(xué)的愿望，Barry和他的學(xué)生熱情地支持它的這個(gè)愿望。故畫線詞詞義與C項(xiàng)“作演講”意義相近。故選C。3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．ItwasinterestingforBina48tolearnaboutlove.B．ItwasquitetoughforBina48tolearnaboutlove.C．Artificialintelligencemaysomehowbesuperiortoman.D．Humanscanlaunchachallengetoartificialintelligence.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Bina48endeduplearning‘31differentversionsoflove，’saidBarry,highlightingsomeofthechallengeshumansmayfacewhenworkingartificialintelligenceinfuture.”可知，Bina48最終學(xué)習(xí)了31種不同版本的愛(ài)，這突出顯示了人類未來(lái)可能會(huì)面臨人工智能的挑戰(zhàn)。因此推斷人工智能或許在某種程度上比人類高級(jí)。故選C。4．WhatdoesBarrythinkofthefuturedevelopmentofBina48?A．Itwillsurelybeabletoserveasateacher.B．Itwillbeabletopromotelearningandteaching.C．Itwillcompletelytaketheplaceofinstructors.D．Itwillbesmartenoughtocontrolhumanbeings.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，Barry認(rèn)為未來(lái)Bina48可能會(huì)變得足夠復(fù)雜，可以教授課程，他預(yù)計(jì)機(jī)器人將被更好地用于教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)，而不是完全取代教師。因此推斷他認(rèn)為Bina48在未來(lái)能夠促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)。故選B。B限時(shí)8分鐘DemandfortheChinesetechcompany'sdevices(設(shè)備)isredhoteventhoughthecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingsmaller.Huawei'sChinasalesrocketedmorethan20%inthefinalquarterof2018,andexpertssaythat'spartlyduetotheUSgovernment'sglobalcampaignagainstthecompany.“ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism(愛(ài)國(guó)主義)inChineseconsumers，”saidJusyHong,ananalystatresearchfirmIHSMarkit.HepointedoutthatsomeChinesecompaniesencouragedemployeestobuyHuaweiphoneslatelastyear.Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.Huawei'sboomingsalesshowhowmajorpartsofitsbusinesscontinuetoincreaseevenastheUnitedStatestriestopersuadeothercountriestoshutHuaweiproductsoutof5Gwirelessnetworksandpursues(追究)criminalchargesagainstit.ThecompanyexpectstoovertakeSamsungastheworld'sbiggestsmartphonemakerbynextyear.Huaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimesasmanyasApple(AAPL),accordingtodatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC.Apple'ssalesplungedalmost20%.Huawei'ssuccessinChina,theworld'slargestsmartphonemarket,ismorethanaboutgeopolitics(地緣政治).Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-endphonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.Andbyofferingaselectionofcheaperphones,Huaweiisabletotargetabiggermarket.ItalsobenefitedfromthetroublesthisyearatZTE(ZTCOF),arivalChinesesmartphoneandtelecommunicationsequipmentmaker.ZTEwasbannedbytheUSgovernmentfrombuyingvitalAmericanpartsformonthslastyear.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章分析了華為公司在手機(jī)市場(chǎng)日益縮小的中國(guó)仍然火爆的原因。5．WhydidHuawei'sChinasalesincreasegreatlyaccordingtothearticle?A．Becausethecompany'sdevicesarealwayspopularworldwide.B．BecauseChineseconsumers'patriotismwasaroused.C．BecausethegovernmentencouragespeopletobuyHuaweidevices.D．Becausethecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingbigger.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism(愛(ài)國(guó)主義)inChineseconsumers”可知，中國(guó)消費(fèi)者的愛(ài)國(guó)主義被喚起，華為在中國(guó)的銷售量大增。故選B項(xiàng)。6．Whatcanweconcludefromthethirdparagraph?A．Huawei'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadaduetotheUS'srequest.B．AllChinesecompaniesshowedtheirsupporttoHuaweiwiththeirpurchase.C．JusyHongthoughttheUnitedStatesarrestedHuawei'schieffinancialofficer.D．JusyHongthoughtthearrestofHuawei'schieffinancialofficerisunfair.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.”可知，華為的首席財(cái)務(wù)官因美國(guó)的要求在加拿大被捕。故選A項(xiàng)。7．Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwordinthefifthparagraph?A．Increasedgreatlyby. B．Reducedgreatlyto.C．Droppedgreatlyby. D．Remainedsteady.答案：C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文可知華為手機(jī)銷量大增，故此處應(yīng)是蘋果手機(jī)銷量大跌，故推測(cè)此處“plunged”意為“暴跌；驟降”。故選C項(xiàng)。8．WhyisHuawei'ssuccessinChinamorethanaboutgeopolitics?A．BecauseHuaweihasthelargestsmartphonemarketintheworld.B．BecauseHuawei'ssuccessisonlylimitedwithinChinamainland.C．BecauseHuaweihastheabilitytotargetabiggermarketintheworld.D．BecauseChineseconsumersarequitesatisfiedwithHuaweismartphones.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-endphonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.”可知，中國(guó)消費(fèi)者對(duì)華為的智能手機(jī)很滿意。故選D項(xiàng)。C限時(shí)7分鐘Manyofusthink,wrongly,thatthemoondoesn'tchange.Forexample,theTangDynastypoetZhangRuoxuoncewrotethat“Generationshavecomeandpassedaway;Fromyeartoyearthemoonslookalike,oldandnew.\”However,anewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureGeoscienceshowsthatthemoonisinfactslowlyshrinkingovertime.Forthestudy,agroupofUSscientistsexaminedandanalyzedthousandsofphotographstakenbytheNASA'sLunarReconnaissanceOrbiterCamera(月球勘測(cè)軌道飛行器照相機(jī)).Theyfoundthattherewerelotsoffaults(斷層)onthesurfaceofthemoon.Thesefaultswereformedbyrecentmovementonthemoon.AccordingtoNASA,themoonismadeupofpiecesofrockswithahotcore.Themooncontinuedtoexpandasitwasborn.Butinthisprocess,itreleasedenergyandcooleddown.Thenitbegantoshrink,inawaycomparabletotheshrinkingofagrapeintoaraisin.Overthepastseveralhundredmillionyears,ithasbecome46meters“skinnier”.Butduetoitshardandrockylayer,themoon'ssurfacecontinuestopushup.“Someofthesequakescanbefairlystrong,aroundfiveontheRichterscale(里氏震級(jí))，”saidThomasWatters,aseniorscientistattheSmithsonian'sNationalAirandSpaceMuseumintheUS.Butdoesthatmeanthemoonisadangerousplacethathumanshouldn'ttrytoexploreandliveoninthefuture?Maybenot,reportedTheTelegraph.“Thisisn'tanythingtoworryabout.Themoonmaybeshrinking,butnotbymuch.It'snotgoinganywhere，\”Watterscomfortedus.Thenewdiscoveryprovesthattheideathatthemoonisadead,boringplaceiswrong.“Wehavebeentothemoonandwe'vedonesomegreatscience,butthereisstillalotwedon'tknow.Themoonisshrinking—wedidn'treallyrealizethatuntilrecently.It'samuchmoreactiveandinterestingplacethanwethoughtandweshouldexplorethat，\”NASAscientistNathanWilliamssaid.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)最新的科學(xué)研究表明，月球正在隨著時(shí)間慢慢地縮小。此外，這項(xiàng)研究還表明月球還有許多我們不了解的東西，它是一個(gè)比我們認(rèn)為的更活躍、更有意思的地方，我們應(yīng)該探索它。9．Whichpointofviewaboutthemoonmaythewriteragreeto?A．Itstaysthesameasbefore.B．Itisbecomingslightlysmaller.C．Itisgettingolderandolder.D．Ithaspassedaway.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“However,anewstudy...showsthatthemoonisinfactslowlyshrinkingovertime.”可知，一項(xiàng)新的發(fā)表在《自然·地球科學(xué)》上的研究表明，月球正在隨著時(shí)間慢慢地縮小，據(jù)此可知B項(xiàng)正確。10．Whatcanwelearnaboutthemoonfromthethirdparagraph?A．Ithasbecome46metersfatterduetoexpanding.B．Ithaschangedfromagrapeintoaraisininrecentyears.C．ItquakesevenatsevenontheRichterscale.D．Ithasahotcoreandreleasesenergyduringexpanding.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前三句中的“themoonismadeupofpiecesofrockswithahotcore”“Themooncontinuedtoexpandasitwasborn.Butinthisprocess,itreleasedenergy”可知，月球由帶有一個(gè)熱核的巖石塊組成，自它形成時(shí)月球就在持續(xù)膨脹，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中它會(huì)釋放能量，故D項(xiàng)正確。11．Whothinksthatweneedn'tworryaboutthemoon?A．ZhangRuoxu. B．ThomasWatters.C．NathanWilliams. D．Thejournalist.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中ThomasWatters說(shuō)的話“Thisisn'tanythingtoworryabout...It'snotgoinganywhere”可知，ThomasWatters認(rèn)為我們不必?fù)?dān)心月球，盡管月球在縮小，但它并沒(méi)有縮小很多，故B項(xiàng)正確。12．WhatdoesNathanWilliamsthinkofthemoon?A．Itisadeadandboringplace.B．Ithaslotsoffaultsonthesurface.C．Itisvaluabletodomorescience.D．Itisn'taplacewherewecanlive.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中NathanWilliams說(shuō)的話“Wehavebeentothemoonandwe'vedonesomegreatscience...weshouldexplorethat”可知，NathanWilliams認(rèn)為月球有許多我們不了解的東西，值得我們?nèi)ヌ剿?。?jù)此可推知，他認(rèn)為研究月球是有價(jià)值的，故C項(xiàng)正確。D限時(shí)7分鐘Lovetosinkintoyourchairsandrelaxwhenyougettoschool?Thenyouwillnotbehappytohearthatschoolsallovertheworldareseriouslyconsideringexchangingtraditionaldesksforoneswithnoseatsatall—Yes,thatmeansyouwillbeencouragedtostandthroughthosealreadytoolongmathandsciencelessons!Whywouldanyoneeventhinkofputtingkidstosuchcruelty?Expertssayitimprovestheirhealthandhelpsfightobesity.Whilethatmayseemalittlefar-fetched(牽強(qiáng)的)theofficialsatthefewschoolsaroundtheworldseemtoagree.AmongthemareeducatorsfromtheCollegeStationIndependentSchoolDistrictinTexas,whorecentlycompletedaweek-longexperimentinvolving480studentsacrossthreeelementaryschools.The374kidsthatagreedtoparticipateinthestudywereprovidedadevicethathelpedrecordstepcountandcalorieconsumptionovertheentireperiod.All25teachersinvolvedinthestudyreportedthatstudentsappearedtobemorealertandconcentratebetter,whenallowedtostand.Theonethingthatdidsurprisetheresearcherswasthatyoungerkidsweremorewillingtostaystandingthankidsinhighergrades.Theybelievethismayhavesomethingtodowiththefactthatafteryearsofbeingaskedto“sitstill”，olderkidshaveahardertimeadjustingtothisunexpectedfreedom.Americanschoolsarenottheonlyonesreportingsuccesswithstand-updesks.FourCatholicschoolsinPerth,Australia,whichhavebeentestingthemsinceOctober2013,haveseensimilarresults.InMay2014,GroveHousePrimarySchoolinBradford,WestYorkshire,becameThefindingsofthesestudiesandothersdonepreviously,allseemtomeanthatallowingkidstomovearoundinclassroomsisawin-winforstudentsandteachers—ithelpskidsgethealthierandprovideseducatorswithamoreengagedaudience.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了一種讓學(xué)生站著上課的新型課桌，它既能保持學(xué)生健康又能使學(xué)生集中注意力，從而提高課堂效率，很受師生歡迎。13．Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatmaymakethestudentsatschoolunhappyisthat________.A．theyhavetoexchangedeskswitheachotherB．theyhavetoexchangetraditionaldesksforoneswithnoseatsontheirownC．therearenoseatsforthemtositinclassD．theofficialsshownosympathytothematall答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句中的“schoolsallovertheworldareseriouslyconsideringexchangingtraditionaldesksforoneswithnoseatsatall—Yes,thatmeansyouwillbeencouragedtostandthroughthosealreadytoolongmathandsciencelessons”可知，教室沒(méi)有座位，學(xué)生們要站著上課，這或許會(huì)讓學(xué)生們感到不悅。14．Accordingtotheteachers,olderstudentsmaynotlikestand-updesksbecause________.A．theyareclevererthanyoungerstudentsB．theyareeasilytiredofstandinglongC．theyhaveformedthehabitofsitting D．theydobadlyinclasswhilestanding答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段尾句可知，年齡較大的孩子們由于多年習(xí)慣于坐著上課，所以不喜歡這種站著上課的課桌。15．Whatismostlikelytobetheresultoftheseven-weektrial?A．Thestandingdeskscan'tbeusedatall.B．Itisgoodforstudentstousestand-updesks.C．Moretestsshouldbedoneinotherschools.D．Thestudentsaredifferentinpersonality.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句、第三段首句、第四段首句和最后一段內(nèi)容可知，使用這種桌子對(duì)學(xué)生有好處。16．Whydotheteacherslikethestandingdesks?A．Becausetheeducatorscandrawthestudents'attention.B．Becausetheteacherscankeepthestudentshealthy.C．Becausethestudentscanhaveawalkintheclassroom.D．Becausethestandingdeskscankeepthestudentsconcentrated.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段首句和最后一段中的“ithelpskidsgethealthierandprovideseducatorswithamoreengagedaudience”可知，老師們喜歡這種桌子是因?yàn)檫@使學(xué)生們上課更專心、注意力更集中。A限時(shí)10分鐘(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.“It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(來(lái)源)ofinspirationfordesigners，”saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA＋ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(時(shí)尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美學(xué))onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook，”saysHill.“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.”O(jiān)fcourse,notonlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretaking_onGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales，”addsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.“ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers，”shesays.“Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket；inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章以國(guó)外視角報(bào)道中國(guó)文化及中國(guó)美學(xué)對(duì)國(guó)際時(shí)尚的影響，展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)對(duì)國(guó)際時(shí)尚和設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展的引領(lǐng)作用。1．WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?A．Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.B．Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C．ItshowedancientChineseclothes.D．ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.答案：B推理判斷題。由題干中的“theexhibitioninNewYork”定位到原文第三段，由該段最后一句可知此次展覽的參觀人數(shù)破了紀(jì)錄，B項(xiàng)表述正確。故選B項(xiàng)。2．WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A．Theyaresettingthefashion.B．Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C．Theyadmiresupermodels.D．Theydobusinessallovertheworld.答案：A推理判斷題。由原文第四段中Hill說(shuō)的話可知，中國(guó)女性不僅是時(shí)尚的消費(fèi)者，承接上文，第一個(gè)破折號(hào)后的movement就是fashioncampaign，結(jié)合常識(shí)與消費(fèi)者對(duì)應(yīng)的是創(chuàng)造者，所以中國(guó)女性不僅是時(shí)尚的消費(fèi)者，還是時(shí)尚的創(chuàng)造者，由此推斷出，她們正在引領(lǐng)潮流，故選A項(xiàng)。3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“takingon”inparagraph4mean?A．learningfrom B．lookingdownonC．workingwith D．competingagainst答案：D詞義猜測(cè)題。由畫線詞后面的“—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales”可知，破折號(hào)是對(duì)前文的補(bǔ)充，因此beatingthem與takingon意思相近，所以可知takeon此處意為“與……較量”，故選D項(xiàng)。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB．AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC．DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD．ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends答案：D標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章的第一段點(diǎn)明主題：對(duì)于西方設(shè)計(jì)師來(lái)說(shuō)，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)中國(guó)及其豐富的文化一直是西方創(chuàng)作者的靈感來(lái)源。接下來(lái)AmandaHill對(duì)中國(guó)文化和中國(guó)美學(xué)對(duì)國(guó)際時(shí)尚的影響進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，由此可知，中國(guó)文化推動(dòng)了國(guó)際時(shí)尚潮流，故D項(xiàng)作為文章的標(biāo)題最合適。B限時(shí)10分鐘(2019·石家莊市重點(diǎn)高中高三畢業(yè)班摸底考試)WhenGitanjaliRaosharedhowshelikes“findingsolutionstorealproblems”，itwashardtoimaginethisdynamicgirlcouldsettleaproblemthathadescapedscientistsforyears.Injustthreemonths,Raocameupwithadevice(裝置)thatcanreplacethecostlyandlengthytestscurrentlyusedtoreliablydetermineleadlevelsinourfreshwater.Inspiredbythecurrentlitigation(訴訟)inFlint,Michigan,acaseofwaterpollutionfrom2014untilpresent,Raodesignedanewtestingsystemthatresultedinherbeingnamed“America'stopyoungscientist”for2017.Raohadbeenfollowingthewaterproblemforabouttwoyears.Shewasamazedbythenumberofpeopleaffectedbyleadpollutioninwaterandwantedtodosomethingtochangethis.Raospentmonthstryingtoconvincelocalhighschoolsandcollegestogiveherlabtimetocontinueherexperiment.Athome,Raoworkedonherprojectinthe“scienceroom”sheaskedherparentstocreateforher.Raohascreatedadevicethatusesthreeparts:acartridge,aBluetoothreaderandanapp.Toputitsimply,thecartridgecontainscarbonnanotubes(納米管)thatreacttolead.ThisreactionisthenregisteredbytheBluetoothreader,whichsendsasignaltoamobileappthatcantellyouimmediatelyifyourwaterissafetodrink.RaoappropriatelynamedthedeviceTethysandishopingtomakealittleimprovementtogetthedeviceonthemarket.Whilewemaynotbeawareofanyleadpollutionpresentinouragingpipelines,leadpoisoningcancausedelaysinphysicalandmentaldevelopment.WithRaobelievingthatthe“purposeofscienceistomakeadifference”，herincredibleinventioncouldmakeadifferencetomillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStates.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)女孩發(fā)明了一款可以檢測(cè)水中鉛水平的裝置，從而解決了一個(gè)科學(xué)家多年來(lái)忽視的問(wèn)題。5．WhatdoweknowaboutRao'sdevice?A．It'scheapandquick.B．It'scheapandinaccurate.C．It'sexpensiveandreliable.D．It'sportableandtime-consuming.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Injustthreemonths,Raocameupwithadevice(裝置)thatcanreplacethecostlyandlengthytestscurrentlyusedtoreliablydetermineleadlevelsinourfreshwater.”可推知，與以前又貴又費(fèi)時(shí)的設(shè)備相比，Rao所發(fā)明的設(shè)備既便宜又省時(shí)，與第三段最后一句“ThisreactionisthenregisteredbytheBluetoothreader,whichsendsasignaltoamobileappthatcantellyouimmediatelyifyourwaterissafetodrink.”相呼應(yīng)，故選A。6．WhatmadeRaohavetheideaofdesigningthedevice?A．Herparents'suggestions.B．Herdesireforwinningtheaward.C．Herinterestinsettlingrealproblems.D．ThewaterpollutionlitigationinFlint.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inspiredbythecurrentlitigation(訴訟)inFlint,Michigan,acaseofwaterpollutionfrom2014untilpresent,Raodesignedanewtestingsystemthatresultedinherbeingnamed‘America'stopyoungscientist’for2017.”可知，Rao設(shè)計(jì)測(cè)試水中鉛水平的裝置的想法是受一個(gè)水污染訴訟的啟發(fā)，故選D。7．Whatdothecarbonnanotubesfunctionas?A．Sendingimmediatesignals.B．Detectingthepresenceoflead.C．Recordingthereactionresults.D．Showingthewaterqualityresults.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Toputitsimply,thecartridgecontainscarbonnanotubes(納米管)thatreacttolead.”可推知，這個(gè)碳納米管是可以對(duì)鉛起反應(yīng)的，因此可以檢測(cè)出水中是否含有鉛，故選B。8．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofRao'sinvention?A．ItwillleadRaotomakeafortune.B．ItwillhelpmillionsofAmericansdrinksafewater.C．ItwillpromotethedevelopmentofscienceinAmerica.D．Itwillsoonsettlethelead-pollutedproblemthoroughly.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句中的“Whilewemaynotbeawareofanyleadpollutionpresentinouragingpipelines,leadpoisoningcancausedelaysinphysicalandmentaldevelopment.”“herincredibleinventioncouldmakeadifferencetomillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStates”和對(duì)本段的整體理解可推知，作者認(rèn)為Rao的發(fā)明可以幫助人們快速檢測(cè)出水中是否含有鉛，從而可以大大提高人們飲用水的安全性，意義重大，故選B。C限時(shí)8分鐘(2020·惠州市高三第一次調(diào)研考試試題)TOKYO,June8(Xinhua)—TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteeofthe2022OlympicandParalympicWinterGamesheldapromotioneventintheJapanesecapital,TokyoonSaturdaytointroducethelatestdevelopmentsinpreparationfortheBeijingWinterOlympics.Thepromotionevent,whichusedanexhibitionwallandthe“CharmingBeijing\”photoexhibitiontoshowcasethepreparationsofBeijing2022,waspartof“BeijingWeek\”，aseriesofactivitiestocommemoratethe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofsister－cityrelationsbetweenBeijingandTokyo.Ontheexhibitionwallwithanareaof33squaremeters,Beijing2022organizersshowcasedfiveaspectsincludingtheBeijingWinterOlympicsvision,Beijing'swintersportstradition,emblems(徽章)ofBeijing2022,competitionplanningandtheNationalSpeedSkatingOval.Atthesametime,oldphotosoftheChineseandJapaneseicehockeyteamsechoedthe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofsister－cityrelationsbetweenthetwocitiesandthethemeoftheBeijingWinterOlympics.ThepromotionvideosoftheBeijing2022emblems,aswellasotherrelatedvideoclips,drewgreatinterestoftheaudience.The“CharmingBeijing\”photoexhibitiondisplayedsomeoftheWinterOlympicvenues,showingtheprogressofthepreparationsfortheBeijingWinterOlympics.Meanwhile,thesandtable,VRglassesandthe“BeijingWinterOlympicsBrochure\”arealsoprovidedtolettheaudiencevisuallyexperiencetheuniquecharmoftheNationalSpeedSkatingOvalandthefeaturesofothercompetitionvenues.ChangYu,DirectorGeneraloftheMediaandCommunicationsDepartmentoftheBeijingWinterOlympicsOrganizingCommittee,introducedtheprogressofthepreparationsofBeijing2022andthevisionofcooperationbetweenBeijing2022andTokyo2020.ChangYusaidthattheBeijingWinterOlympicsOrganizingCommitteestayscommittedtohostingtheGamesinagreen,inclusive,openandcleanmanner,withtheaimofdeliveringafantastic,extraordinaryandexcellentOlympiceventtotheworld.TheBeijingWinterOlympicswillopenonFebruary4,2022,whichwillfeature7sports,15disciplinesand109events.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要介紹了北京2022年冬奧會(huì)和冬殘奧會(huì)組委會(huì)在日本東京舉行了宣傳活動(dòng)，展示了冬奧會(huì)準(zhǔn)備工作的最新進(jìn)展。9．Howwasthepromotioneventcarriedout?A．ByadvertisingonTVinBeijingandTokyo.B．BysendingoffbrochurestocitizensinTokyo.C．Byprovidingvariousvisualexperiences.D．ThroughtoursallaroundTokyo.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞thepromotionevent，定位到文章第二段中的“Thepromotionevent,whichusedanexhibitionwallandthe‘CharmingBeijing’photoexhibitiontoshowcasethepreparationsofBeijing2022”可知，這個(gè)宣傳活動(dòng)用一個(gè)展覽墻和圖片展覽展示北京2022年冬奧會(huì)所做的準(zhǔn)備工作，故選C。10．Theunderlinedword“commemorate\”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto________.A．celebrate B．a(chǎn)ppreciateC．compare D．combine答案：A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“the40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofsister－cityrelationsbetweenBeijingandTokyo”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，此處表示慶祝北京和東京姐妹城市關(guān)系成立40周年，故畫線詞與A選項(xiàng)詞義最接近。11．WhatcanbeinferredfromChangYu'sintroduction?A．BeijingwillhosttheOlympicsearlierthanTokyo.B．Beijingiswell－preparedforthe2022event.C．Beijing2022provesagreatsuccess.D．Beijing2022willbeenvironmentallyfriendly.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞ChangYu'sintroduction，定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段，根據(jù)該段中的“tohostingtheGamesinagreen,inclusive,openandcleanmanner”可推知，北京2022年冬奧會(huì)將是綠色環(huán)保的。12．Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthispassage?A．TheSister－cityAnniversaryBetweenBeijingandTokyoB．Beijing2022PromotionEventinTokyoC．BeijingandTokyo,FriendshipForeverD．PreparationsforBeijing2022Olympics答案：B標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteeofthe2022OlympicandParalympicWinterGamesheldapromotioneventintheJapanesecapital,Tokyo”并結(jié)合文章其他內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了北京2022年冬奧會(huì)和冬殘奧會(huì)組委會(huì)在東京舉辦宣傳活動(dòng)，展示北京冬奧會(huì)準(zhǔn)備工作的最新進(jìn)展，故B項(xiàng)適合作本文標(biāo)題。D限時(shí)10分鐘(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclass-roomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests，”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？’Basically,it's‘I'vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了美國(guó)一所中學(xué)與NASA合作的聯(lián)合科研項(xiàng)目，解決國(guó)際空間站中的細(xì)菌問(wèn)題。13．WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A．Theyarehardtogetridof.B．Theyleadtoairpollution.C．Theyappearindifferentforms.D．Theydamagetheinst